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Ellis SD, Brooks JV, Birken SA, Morrow E, Hilbig ZS, Wulff-Burchfield E, Kinney AY, Ellerbeck EF. Determinants of targeted cancer therapy use in community oncology practice: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Rummler-Brache process mapping. Implement Sci Commun 2023; 4:66. [PMID: 37308981 PMCID: PMC10259814 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precision medicine holds enormous potential to improve outcomes for cancer patients, offering improved rates of cancer control and quality of life. Not all patients who could benefit from targeted cancer therapy receive it, and some who may not benefit do receive targeted therapy. We sought to comprehensively identify determinants of targeted therapy use among community oncology programs, where most cancer patients receive their care. METHODS Guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 community cancer care providers and mapped targeted therapy delivery across 11 cancer care delivery teams using a Rummler-Brache diagram. Transcripts were coded to the framework using template analysis, and inductive coding was used to identify key behaviors. Coding was revised until a consensus was reached. RESULTS Intention to deliver precision medicine was high across all participants interviewed, who also reported untenable knowledge demands. We identified distinctly different teams, processes, and determinants for (1) genomic test ordering and (2) delivery of targeted therapies. A key determinant of molecular testing was role alignment. The dominant expectation for oncologists to order and interpret genomic tests is at odds with their role as treatment decision-makers' and pathologists' typical role to stage tumors. Programs in which pathologists considered genomic test ordering as part of their staging responsibilities reported high and timely testing rates. Determinants of treatment delivery were contingent on resources and ability to offset delivery costs, which low- volume programs could not do. Rural programs faced additional treatment delivery challenges. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel determinants of targeted therapy delivery that potentially could be addressed through role re-alignment. Standardized, pathology-initiated genomic testing may prove fruitful in ensuring patients eligible for targeted therapy are identified, even if the care they need cannot be delivered at small and rural sites which may have distinct challenges in treatment delivery. Incorporating behavior specification and Rummler-Brache process mapping with determinant analysis may extend its usefulness beyond the identification of the need for contextual adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shellie D. Ellis
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66610 USA
| | - Joanna Veazey Brooks
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66610 USA
| | - Sarah A. Birken
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 525 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101 USA
| | - Emily Morrow
- Kansas City Kansas Community College, 7250 State Ave., Kansas City, KS 66112 USA
| | - Zachary S. Hilbig
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66610 USA
| | | | - Anita Y. Kinney
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Edward F. Ellerbeck
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66610 USA
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Lakha SF, Assimakopoulos D, Mailis A. Comparison of Older and Younger Patients Referred to a Non-interventional Community Pain Clinic in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Pain Ther 2023; 12:213-224. [PMID: 36284073 PMCID: PMC9845447 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-022-00435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare demographic and pain characteristics of older (≥ 65) vs younger (< 65) chronic non-cancer pain patients referred to a community pain clinic in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Ontario, Canada. METHODS This is a retrospective study of 644 consecutive new patients with pain seen during 2016-2017 (older group n = 126; younger group n = 518). Demographic characteristics, Brief Pain Inventory pain ratings, and diagnosis were obtained using retrospective chart review. Patients were classified into group I (pure biomedical pathology), group II (mixed biomedical causes and psychological factors) and group III (no detectable physical pathology but psychological factors were considered important). RESULTS Older patients comprised 19.6% of the overall population (higher than the average GTA older population). Regarding older vs younger group, male/female ratio was 1:1.3 vs 1:1.7 respectively, while 71% of the older patients were foreign born vs 37% of the younger group (p < 0.001). Low back was the most prevalent pain site for both groups; 70% of the older patients were classified as group I vs 35% of the younger patients (p < 0.0001), and only 6% as group III (vs 18% of the younger population, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The study points to considerable differences between younger and older patients with pain with the latter presenting with significant biomedical pathology but lesser psychopathology. The results are comparable to those obtained from a university pain clinic as well as a rural Northern Ontario clinic. Implications of the study for planning of pain care are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaz Fatima Lakha
- Pain and Wellness Centre, 2301 Major Mackenzie Dr. West, Unit #101, Vaughan, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Demetry Assimakopoulos
- Pain and Wellness Centre, 2301 Major Mackenzie Dr. West, Unit #101, Vaughan, ON Canada ,grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428University Health Network, Comprehensive Integrated Pain Program Rehabilitation Pain Service, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Angela Mailis
- Pain and Wellness Centre, 2301 Major Mackenzie Dr. West, Unit #101, Vaughan, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Lakha SF, Deshpande A, Assimakopoulos D, Mailis A. Demographics, Pain Characteristics and Diagnostic Classification Profile of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Patients Attending a Canadian University-Affiliated Community Pain Clinic. Pain Ther 2021; 10:1413-1426. [PMID: 34410629 PMCID: PMC8586118 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-021-00301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little information exists regarding the characteristics of patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) attending Canadian pain clinics. The study describes the demographics, pain characteristics and the diagnostic classification profile of such patients attending a university-affiliated community-based pain clinic in the Greater Toronto Area. METHODS Retrospective descriptive study based on 644 unique consecutive CNCP patients assessed between January 2016 and December 2017. RESULTS The female/male ratio was 1.6:1; 80% were younger than 65 years; 43% held some form of employment (full-time, part-time or self employment); median pain duration was 3 years; car accidents and medical conditions accounted for 28 and 27% of pain onset, respectively; 34% had four or more distinct areas of pain; and low back pain (LBP) was the most prevalent site (66%), but was the sole site of pain in less than a third of these patients. Age was positively associated with LBP prevalence. Self-reported health service utilization (visits to the emergency room, pain physician or psychologist) increased with patient psychopathology. Cannabis was used by 15% of the cohort and opioids by 34.5%, with only one in six opioid users exceeding 90 mg of morphine equivalent dose per day. Comparison of our data to three previously published studies from other Canadian pain clinics demonstrated both similarities and substantial differences between the populations. CONCLUSION Our study highlights regional differences between CNCP population phenotypes. Recognition of biomedical, psychological and socio-environmental factors affecting pain should be considered for patient stratification and rational approaches to treatment, as "one size treatment does not fit all".
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Fatima Lakha
- Pain and Wellness Centre, Vaughan, ON Canada
- 2301 Major Mackenzie Drive West Unit 101, Vaughan, ON L6A 3Z3 Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Amol Deshpande
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, UHN, Quality and Innovation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Demetry Assimakopoulos
- Pain and Wellness Centre, Vaughan, ON Canada
- Chiropractor, University Health Network, Comprehensive Integrated Pain Program Rehabilitation Pain Service, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Angela Mailis
- Pain and Wellness Centre, Vaughan, ON Canada
- 2301 Major Mackenzie Drive West Unit 101, Vaughan, ON L6A 3Z3 Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Mao HF, Tsai AYJ, Chang LH, Tsai IL. Multi-component cognitive intervention for older adults with mixed cognitive levels: implementation and preliminary effectiveness in real-world settings. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:543. [PMID: 34641803 PMCID: PMC8507169 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most controlled studies of multi-component cognitive intervention, participants' cognitive levels are homogenous, which is contrary to real-world settings. There is a lack of research studying the implementation of evidence-based cognitive intervention in communities. This study describes the implementation and preliminary effectiveness of a Multi-component Cognitive Intervention using Simulated Everyday Tasks (MCI-SET) for older adults with different cognitive levels in real-world settings. METHODS Single group, pre-intervention assessment, post-intervention assessment, and 3-month follow-up research design. MCI-SET consists of 12 two-hour weekly sessions that include motor-cognitive tasks, cognitive training, and cognitive rehabilitation. One hundred and thirty participants, > = 65 and frail, dependence on > = one instrumental daily activity, or with confirmed dementia, from eight community centers were included. The primary outcome is general cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Taiwan, MoCA-T). Secondary outcomes are memory (Miami Prospective Memory Test, Digits Forward, Digits Backward), attention (Color Trail Test-Part 1), executive function (Color Trail Test-Part 2), and general function (Kihon Checklist-Taiwan). RESULTS Pre-intervention workshop for group leaders, standardized activity protocols, on-site observation, and ten weekly conferences were conducted to ensure implementation fidelity. MCI-SET had an 85% retention rate and 96% attendance rate. The participants had a mean age of 78.26 ± 7.00 and a mean MoCA-T score of 12.55 ± 7.43. 73% were female. General cognition (Hedges' g = 0.31), attention (Hedges' g = 0.23), and general function (Hedges' g = 0.31), showed significant post-intervention improvement with small effect size. Follow-ups showed maintained improvement in general cognition (Hedges' g = 0.33), and delayed effect on attention (Hedges' g = 0.20), short-term memory (Hedges' g = 0.38), and executive function (Hedges' g = 0.40). Regression analysis indicated that the intervention settings (day care centers vs neighborhood centers), the pre-intervention cognitive levels, and the pre-intervention general function of the participants were not associated with the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS MCI-SET is feasible and can improve the cognitive skills and general functions of older adults with heterogeneous cognitive skills or disabilities. It is essential to tailor programs to fit the interests of the participants and the culture of local communities. Group leaders must also have the skills to adjust the cognitive demands of the tasks to meet the heterogeneous cognitive levels of participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04615169 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fen Mao
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Athena Yi-Jung Tsai
- Department of Occupational Therapy/Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hui Chang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine/National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Allied Health Professions, College of Medicine/National Cheng Kung University, One University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - I-Lu Tsai
- ZHI XIN Occupational therapy clinic, Yulin, Taiwan
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Swink LA, Fruhauf CA, Atler KE, Fling BW, Klinedinst TC, Schmid AA. Health-related quality of life changes after the merging yoga and occupational therapy for Parkinson's disease program: A mixed-methods study. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 39:101156. [PMID: 32379684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after the Merging Yoga and Occupational Therapy for Parkinson's Disease (MY-OT for PD) program. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a mixed-methods convergent design and administered the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8 (PDQ-8), a measure of HRQoL, with 17 participants. We considered scores 8 weeks before MY-OT for PD, just before, and upon completion. Additionally, we completed two focus groups following the program with 16 participants to assess qualitative changes in HRQoL. RESULTS There were no significant differences in PDQ-8 scores between time points, F(2,32) = 1.60, p = 0.22, partial η2 = 0.09. Participants did discuss improvements in all 8 HRQoL domains, frequently regarding mobility and activities of daily living. CONCLUSION Results diverged, with quantitative results showing no significant improvement in HRQoL and qualitative results indicating participant perceived improvements in all domains of the PDQ-8. The program should be explored further, and longitudinal follow-up completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Swink
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 80045, USA.
| | - Christine A Fruhauf
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 80523, USA
| | - Karen E Atler
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, 80523, USA
| | - Brett W Fling
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 80523, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Neuroscience Graduate Program, Colorado State University, 80523, USA
| | - Tara C Klinedinst
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, 15260, USA
| | - Arlene A Schmid
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, 80523, USA
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Tyler I, Lynam J, O'Campo P, Manson H, Lynch M, Dashti B, Turner N, Feller A, Ford-Jones EL, Makin S, Loock C. It takes a village: a realist synthesis of social pediatrics program. Int J Public Health 2018; 64:691-701. [PMID: 30582136 PMCID: PMC6565657 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-018-1190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To better understand how social pediatric initiatives (SPIs) enact equitable, integrated, embedded approaches with high-needs children and families while facilitating proportionate distribution of health resources. METHODS The realist review method incorporated the following steps: (1) identifying the review question, (2) formulating the initial theory, (3) searching for primary studies, (4) selecting and appraising study quality, (5) synthesizing relevant data and (6) refining the theory. RESULTS Our analysis identified four consistent patterns of care that may be effective in social pediatrics: (1) horizontal partnerships based on willingness to share status and power; (2) bridged trust initiated through previously established third party relationships; (3) knowledge support increasing providers' confidence and skills for engaging community; and (4) increasing vulnerable families' self-reliance through empowerment strategies. CONCLUSIONS This research is unique because it focused on "how" outcomes are achieved and offers insight into the knowledge, skills and philosophical orientation clinicians need to effectively deliver care in SPIs. Research insights offer guidance for organizational leaders with a mandate to address child and youth health inequities and may be applicable to other health initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Lynam
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicole Turner
- RD McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Feller
- FAAP, FACPM Niagara Region, Public Health, Thorold, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sue Makin
- Toronto Public Health (retired), Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the most common and most valued outcomes of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) in Chinese communities and to map these to the CBR evaluation framework. METHOD A multiple, embedded case study design was used. Four CBR programmes in China met the criteria for inclusion and participated. Data collection, via participant "story telling", followed the procedures of the most significant change technique (MSC) over a period for five months. Content analysis with thematic coding was used to detect the common significant changes described in "top-rated" stories and in the entire pool of stories. Meta-analysis using the CBR framework was carried out to enrich the understanding of programme outcomes. RESULTS A total of 101 stories were collected in the two rounds of story collection from the four programmes. Aggregated results demonstrated that, across all programmes, 78.21% of stories focused on changes in people with disabilities, 9.9% described aspects of programme development, 8.91% reported on outcomes related to CBR workers, and only 2.97% were focused on advocacy. When mapped against the elements of the CBR framework the MSCs among these four programmes were (1) psychosocial changes, (2) increased family participation and (3) improved physical functioning. CONCLUSIONS CBR practice in Chinese communities remains orientated towards an approach of functional rehabilitation rather than community-based inclusive development. Implications for rehabilitation Community-based rehabilitation is a strategy for community-based inclusive development. Commonly reported significant outcomes of community-based rehabilitation programmes in China focus on changes in psychosocial and physical status of people with disabilities and family participation. Community-based rehabilitation in China continues to focus on traditional rehabilitation. New efforts and directions are needed to also include goals of equity and community inclusion. Further efforts to promote the use of CBR guideline with the goal of facilitating inclusion and equal participation are strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Y Chung
- a Centre for Disability and Society, Curtin University , Perth , Australia.,b Department of Special Education and Counseling , The Hong Kong Institute of Education , Hong Kong
| | - Tanya L Packer
- a Centre for Disability and Society, Curtin University , Perth , Australia.,c School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada
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Hammel J, Magasi S, Mirza MP, Fischer H, Preissner K, Peterson E, Suarez-Balcazar Y. A Scholarship of Practice Revisited: Creating Community-Engaged Occupational Therapy Practitioners, Educators, and Scholars. Occup Ther Health Care 2015; 29:352-369. [PMID: 26270148 DOI: 10.3109/07380577.2015.1051690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Trends in policy, practice, and research point to the need for a community-engaged Scholarship of Practice (SOP) model that can be used to inform the development of occupational therapy practitioners, educators, and researchers. This article describes a community-engaged SOP model, the evidence justifying the need for such a model, and strategies to effectively create community-engaged practitioners, educators and career scientists within occupational therapy. We highlight several examples of community-based participatory research to further inform this model, and in turn, translate this knowledge back to communities for action and systems change that can affect the lives of people with disabilities and the communities in which they seek to live and participate long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Hammel
- a Department of Occupational Therapy, PhD Programs in Disability Studies & Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan Magasi
- a Department of Occupational Therapy, PhD Programs in Disability Studies & Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mansha Parven Mirza
- a Department of Occupational Therapy, PhD Programs in Disability Studies & Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heidi Fischer
- a Department of Occupational Therapy, PhD Programs in Disability Studies & Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katharine Preissner
- a Department of Occupational Therapy, PhD Programs in Disability Studies & Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Peterson
- a Department of Occupational Therapy, PhD Programs in Disability Studies & Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yolanda Suarez-Balcazar
- a Department of Occupational Therapy, PhD Programs in Disability Studies & Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
Consumer-directed services (CDS) are a type of support system designed to increase the quality of life and self-determination of clients, such as adults with developmental disabilities. Occupational therapists can play an important role in facilitating people's involvement in CDS supports. This paper describes CDS, evidence that supports their use, and ways that occupational therapists use their training in person-centered practice to enhance CDS supports and self-determination. A case study is used to illustrate the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan E Dean
- 1Department of Occupational Therapy Education, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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