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Roudeau S, Carmona A, Ortega R. Multimodal and multiscale correlative elemental imaging: From whole tissues down to organelles. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102372. [PMID: 37487424 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemical elements, especially metals, play very specific roles in the life sciences. The implementation of correlative imaging methods, of elements on the one hand and of molecules or biological structures on the other hand, is the subject of recent developments. The most commonly used spectro-imaging techniques for metals are synchrotron-induced X-ray fluorescence, mass spectrometry and fluorescence imaging of metal molecular sensors. These imaging methods can be correlated with a wide variety of other analytical techniques used for structural imaging (e.g., electron microscopy), small molecule imaging (e.g., molecular mass spectrometry) or protein imaging (e.g., fluorescence microscopy). The resulting correlative imaging is developed at different scales, from biological tissue to the subcellular level. The fields of application are varied, with some major research topics, the role of metals in the aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases and the use of metals for medical imaging or cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Ortega
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2I, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France.
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Mangum JS, Chan LH, Schmidt U, Garten LM, Ginley DS, Gorman BP. Correlative Raman spectroscopy and focused ion beam for targeted phase boundary analysis of titania polymorphs. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 188:48-51. [PMID: 29549789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific preparation of specimens using focused ion beam instruments for transmission electron microscopy is at the forefront of targeting regions of interest for nanoscale characterization. Typical methods of pinpointing desired features include electron backscatter diffraction for differentiating crystal structures and energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy for probing compositional variations. Yet there are situations, notably in the titanium dioxide system, where these techniques can fail. Differentiating between the brookite and anatase polymorphs of titania is either excessively laborious or impossible with the aforementioned techniques. However, due to differences in bonding structure, Raman spectroscopy serves as an ideal candidate for polymorph differentiation. In this work, a correlative approach utilizing Raman spectroscopy for targeted focused ion beam specimen preparation was employed. Dark field imaging and diffraction in the transmission electron microscope confirmed the region of interest located via Raman spectroscopy and demonstrated the validity of this new method. Correlative Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and focused ion beam is shown to be a promising new technique for identifying site-specific preparation of nanoscale specimens in cases where conventional approaches do not suffice.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Mangum
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
| | | | | | - Lauren M Garten
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - David S Ginley
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Brian P Gorman
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
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Abstract
This current review focuses on current concepts and controversies for select key salivary gland epithelial neoplasms. Rather than the traditional organization of benign and malignant tumors, this review is structured around select key topics: biphasic tumors, mammary analogue secretory carcinoma, and the controversy surrounding polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and cribriform adenocarcinoma of (minor) salivary gland origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja R Seethala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, A614.X Presbyterian University Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Peddie CJ, Domart MC, Snetkov X, O'Toole P, Larijani B, Way M, Cox S, Collinson LM. Correlative super-resolution fluorescence and electron microscopy using conventional fluorescent proteins in vacuo. J Struct Biol 2017; 199:120-31. [PMID: 28576556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution light microscopy, correlative light and electron microscopy, and volume electron microscopy are revolutionising the way in which biological samples are examined and understood. Here, we combine these approaches to deliver super-accurate correlation of fluorescent proteins to cellular structures. We show that YFP and GFP have enhanced blinking properties when embedded in acrylic resin and imaged under partial vacuum, enabling in vacuo single molecule localisation microscopy. In conventional section-based correlative microscopy experiments, the specimen must be moved between imaging systems and/or further manipulated for optimal viewing. These steps can introduce undesirable alterations in the specimen, and complicate correlation between imaging modalities. We avoided these issues by using a scanning electron microscope with integrated optical microscope to acquire both localisation and electron microscopy images, which could then be precisely correlated. Collecting data from ultrathin sections also improved the axial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the raw localisation microscopy data. Expanding data collection across an array of sections will allow 3-dimensional correlation over unprecedented volumes. The performance of this technique is demonstrated on vaccinia virus (with YFP) and diacylglycerol in cellular membranes (with GFP).
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Seethala RR, Stenman G. Update from the 4th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours: Tumors of the Salivary Gland. Head Neck Pathol 2017; 11:55-67. [PMID: 28247227 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-017-0795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The salivary gland section in the 4th edition of the World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumors features the description and inclusion of several entities, the most significant of which is represented by (mammary analogue) secretory carcinoma. This entity was extracted mainly from acinic cell carcinoma based on recapitulation of breast secretory carcinoma and a shared ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Also new is the subsection of "Other epithelial lesions," for which key entities include sclerosing polycystic adenosis and intercalated duct hyperplasia. Many entities have been compressed into their broader categories given clinical and morphologic similarities, or transitioned to a different grouping as was the case with low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma reclassified as intraductal carcinoma (with the applied qualifier of low-grade). Specific grade has been removed from the names of the salivary gland entities such as polymorphous adenocarcinoma, providing pathologists flexibility in assigning grade and allowing for recognition of a broader spectrum within an entity. Cribriform adenocarcinoma of (minor) salivary gland origin continues to be divisive in terms of whether it should be recognized as a distinct category. This chapter also features new key concepts such as high-grade transformation. The new paradigm of translocations and gene fusions being common in salivary gland tumors is featured heavily in this chapter.
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Brama E, Peddie CJ, Wilkes G, Gu Y, Collinson LM, Jones ML. ultraLM and miniLM: Locator tools for smart tracking of fluorescent cells in correlative light and electron microscopy. Wellcome Open Res 2016; 1:26. [PMID: 28090593 PMCID: PMC5234702 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10299.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In-resin fluorescence (IRF) protocols preserve fluorescent proteins in resin-embedded cells and tissues for correlative light and electron microscopy, aiding interpretation of macromolecular function within the complex cellular landscape. Dual-contrast IRF samples can be imaged in separate fluorescence and electron microscopes, or in dual-modality integrated microscopes for high resolution correlation of fluorophore to organelle. IRF samples also offer a unique opportunity to automate correlative imaging workflows. Here we present two new locator tools for finding and following fluorescent cells in IRF blocks, enabling future automation of correlative imaging. The ultraLM is a fluorescence microscope that integrates with an ultramicrotome, which enables ‘smart collection’ of ultrathin sections containing fluorescent cells or tissues for subsequent transmission electron microscopy or array tomography. The miniLM is a fluorescence microscope that integrates with serial block face scanning electron microscopes, which enables ‘smart tracking’ of fluorescent structures during automated serial electron image acquisition from large cell and tissue volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Brama
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Peddie
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Gary Wilkes
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Yan Gu
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lucy M Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Martin L Jones
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Abstract
X-rays are used for imaging many different types of biological specimen, ranging from live organisms to the individual cells and proteins from which they are made. The level of detail achieved as a result of the imaging varies depending on both the sample and the technique used. One of the most recent technical developments in X-ray imaging is that of the soft X-ray microscope, designed to allow the internal structure of individual biological cells to be explored. With a field of view of ∼10-20 × ∼10-20 μm, a penetration depth of ∼10 μm and a resolution of ∼40 nm(3), the soft X-ray microscope neatly fits between the imaging capabilities of light and electron microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Duke
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
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Carzaniga R, Domart MC, Duke E, Collinson LM. Correlative cryo-fluorescence and cryo-soft X-ray tomography of adherent cells at European synchrotrons. Methods Cell Biol 2014; 124:151-78. [PMID: 25287841 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801075-4.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) is a synchrotron-hosted imaging technique used to analyze the ultrastructure of intact, cryo-prepared cells. Correlation of cryo-fluorescence microscopy and cryo-SXT can be used to localize fluorescent proteins to organelles preserved close to native state. Cryo-correlative light and X-ray microscopy (cryo-CLXM) is particularly useful for the study of organelles that are susceptible to chemical fixation artifacts during sample preparation for electron microscopy. In our recent work, we used cryo-CLXM to characterize GFP-LC3-positive early autophagosomes in nutrient-starved HEK293A cells (Duke et al., 2013). Cup-shaped omegasomes were found to form at "hot-spots" on the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, cryo-SXT image stacks revealed the presence of large complex networks of tubulated mitochondria in the starved cells, which would be challenging to model at this scale and resolution using light or electron microscopy. In this chapter, we detail the cryo-CLXM workflow that we developed and optimized for studying adherent mammalian cells. We show examples of data collected at the three European synchrotrons that currently host cryo-SXT microscopes, and describe how raw cryo-SXT datasets are processed into tomoX stacks, modeled, and correlated with cryo-fluorescence data to identify structures of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Carzaniga
- Electron Microscopy Unit, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Charlotte Domart
- Electron Microscopy Unit, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Duke
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy M Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Unit, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
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