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Kluge M, Trüschler J, Elamin F, Anderson A, Hellwig E, Altenburger M, Vach K, Wittmer A, Al-Ahmad A. Improving the microbial sampling and analysis of secondary infected root canals by passive ultrasonic irrigation. Clin Oral Investig 2022. [PMID: 35218427 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The persistence of pathogenic microorganisms in root canals is the most common reason for the failure of root canal treatment and the necessity of a root filling treatment, which results in an uncertain prognosis due to technical complexity and the variety of highly adaptable microorganisms. This study evaluated the effect of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on the outcome of the microbial analysis of root canal-treated teeth with persistent or recurrent apical inflammation in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample collection was performed after root filling removal (sample S1, control group) and after PUI with NaCl (sample S2) using sterile paper points. In total, 19 samples were obtained. Quantification was performed by means of serial dilution of the samples. Subcultivated pure cultures were identified using MALDI-TOF MS complemented by the Vitek-2-System or PCR, followed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The results of the samples (S1 and S2) were evaluated regarding their bacterial count and composition. RESULTS The total count of bacteria and the number of aerobic/facultative anaerobic microorganisms significantly increased in the S2-samples after application of PUI. The number of obligate anaerobic microorganisms showed an increase after PUI, although it was not significant. We detected 12 different aerobic/facultative anaerobic microorganisms before PUI, and in 21 cases after PUI. Two different obligate anaerobic microorganisms were found in S1 samples compared to nine different species in S2 samples. CONCLUSIONS PUI is a powerful method for detaching bacteria in infected root canals and enables a more precise analysis of the etiology of persistent endodontic infections. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study indicates that PUI exerts a positive cleansing effect and adds to the accessibility of microorganisms during the application of bactericidal rinsing solution in root canal treatments.
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Günther M, Karygianni L, Argyropoulou A, Anderson AC, Hellwig E, Skaltsounis AL, Wittmer A, Vach K, Al-Ahmad A. The antimicrobial effect of Rosmarinus officinalis extracts on oral initial adhesion ex vivo. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4369-4380. [PMID: 35138461 PMCID: PMC9203371 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective In the last few decades, there has been a growing worldwide interest in the use of plant extracts for the prevention of oral diseases. The main focus of this interest lies in the identification and isolation of substances that limit the formation of microbial biofilm which plays a major role in the development of caries, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis. In this clinical ex vivo study, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of Rosmarinus officinalis extract against oral microorganisms within in situ initial oral biofilms. Materials and methods Initial in situ biofilm samples (2 h) from six healthy volunteers were treated ex vivo with R. officinalis extract at concentrations of 20 mg/ml and 30 mg/ml. The number of viable bacterial cells was determined by counting the colony-forming units. All surviving bacteria were isolated in pure cultures and identified using MALDI-TOF and biochemical testing procedures. Additionally, live/dead staining in combination with epifluorescence microscopy was used for visualizing the antimicrobial effects in the initial biofilms. Results The number of colony-forming units in the R. officinalis–treated biofilms was significantly lower than in the untreated controls (p < 0.001). The reduction range of log10 was 1.64–2.78 and 2.41–3.23 for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, respectively. Regarding the bacterial composition, large intra- and interindividual variability were observed. Except for Campylobacter spp., the average amount of all bacterial taxa was lower after treatment with R. officinalis than in the untreated biofilms. A total of 49 different species were detected in the untreated biofilms, while only 11 bacterial species were detected in the R. officinalis–treated biofilms. Live/dead staining confirmed that the R. officinalis–treated biofilms had significantly lower numbers of surviving bacteria than the untreated biofilms. Conclusions The treatment with R. officinalis extract has a significant potential to eliminate microbial oral initial biofilms. Clinical relevance The results of this study encourage the use of R. officinalis extracts in biofilm control and thus in the treatment of caries and periodontitis as a herbal adjuvant to synthetic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Günther
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aikaterini Argyropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Annette Carola Anderson
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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Tanaka R, Masuda H, Fujimura S, Ito-Hirano R, Arita K, Kakinuma Y, Hagiwara H, Kado M, Hayashi A, Mita T, Ogawa T, Watada H, Mizuno H, Sawada N, Asahara T. Quality-Quantity Control Culture Enhances Vasculogenesis and Wound Healing Efficacy of Human Diabetic Peripheral Blood CD34+ Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:428-438. [PMID: 29573563 PMCID: PMC5905232 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) therapy is commonly used to stimulate angiogenesis in ischemic repair and wound healing. However, low total numbers and functional deficits of EPCs make autologous EPC therapy ineffective in diabetes. Currently, no known ex vivo culture techniques can expand and/or ameliorate the functional deficits of EPCs for clinical usage. Recently, we showed that a quality‐quantity culture (QQc) system restores the vasculogenic and wound‐healing efficacy of murine diabetic EPCs. To validate these results and elucidate the mechanism in a translational study, we evaluated the efficacy of this QQc system to restore the vasculogenic potential of diabetic human peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ cells. CD34+ cells purified from PB of diabetic and healthy patients were subjected to QQc. Gene expression, vascular regeneration, and expression of cytokines and paracrine mediators were analyzed. Pre‐ or post‐QQc diabetic human PB‐CD34+ cells were transplanted into wounded BALB/c nude mice and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice to assess functional efficacy. Post‐QQc diabetic human PB‐CD34+ cell therapy significantly accelerated wound closure, re‐epithelialization, and angiogenesis. The higher therapeutic efficacy of post‐QQc diabetic human PB‐CD34+ cells was attributed to increased differentiation ability of diabetic CD34+ cells, direct vasculogenesis, and enhanced expression of angiogenic factors and wound‐healing genes. Thus, QQc can significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of human PB‐CD34+ cells in diabetic wounds, overcoming the inherent limitation of autologous cell therapy in diabetic patients, and could be useful for treatment of not only wounds but also other ischemic diseases. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2018;7:428–438
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Affiliation(s)
- Rica Tanaka
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruchika Masuda
- Department of Basic Clinical Science, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | | | - Rie Ito-Hirano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Arita
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kakinuma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hagiwara
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Kado
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayato Hayashi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Mita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takasuke Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizuno
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sawada
- Global COE Program, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Department of Basic Clinical Science, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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Nagasaka R, Matsumoto M, Okada M, Sasaki H, Kanie K, Kii H, Uozumi T, Kiyota Y, Honda H, Kato R. Visualization of morphological categories of colonies for monitoring of effect on induced pluripotent stem cell culture status. Regen Ther 2017; 6:41-51. [PMID: 30271838 PMCID: PMC6134894 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
From the recent advances, there are growing expectations toward the mass production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for varieties of applications. For such type of industrial cell manufacturing, the technology which can stabilize the production efficiency is strongly required. Since the present iPSC culture is covered by delicate manual operations, there are still quality differences in produced cells from same culture protocols. To monitor the culture process of iPSCs with the quantified data to evaluate the culture status, we here introduce image-based visualization method of morphological diversity of iPSC colonies. We have set three types of experiments to evaluate the influential factors in iPSC culture technique that may disturb the undifferentiation status of iPSC colonies: (Exp. 1) technical differences in passage skills, (Exp. 2) technical differences in feeder cell preparation, and (Exp. 3) technical differences in maintenance skills (medium exchange frequency with the combination of manual removal of morphologically irregular colonies). By measuring the all existing colonies from real-time microscopic images, the heterogenous change of colony morphologies in the culture vessel was visualized. By such visualization with morphologically categorized Manhattan chart, the difference between technical skills could be compared for evaluating appropriate cell processing. Morphological clustering enabled visualization of diversity of iPSC colonies. Morphological clustering can record and visualize the effects of culture skills. Comparison of culture skills reveals clue for designing automation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Nagasaka
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Megumi Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mai Okada
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroto Sasaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kei Kanie
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kii
- Nikon Corporation, Microscopic Solution Business Unit, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-6290, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uozumi
- Nikon Corporation, Microscopic Solution Business Unit, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-6290, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Kiyota
- Nikon Corporation, Microscopic Solution Business Unit, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-6290, Japan.,Stem Cell Evaluation Technology Research Center (SCETRA), Hacho-bori, Chuou-ku, Tokyo 104-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Stem Cell Evaluation Technology Research Center (SCETRA), Hacho-bori, Chuou-ku, Tokyo 104-0032, Japan
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Bankur PK, Nayak A, Bhat K, Bankur R, Naik R, Rajpoot N. Comparison of culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques in the identification of Tannerella forsythia in periodontal health and disease, an in vitro study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 18:155-60. [PMID: 24872621 PMCID: PMC4033879 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.131312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Various bacterial species from subgingival biofilm have demonstrated aetiological relevance in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of Tannerella forsythia (Tf) in subgingival plaque of periodontally healthy subjects and chronic periodontitis patients by using both culture and PCR technique and compare the two techniques. Materials and Methods: Pooled subgingival plaque samples were taken using sterile curettes from predetermined sites in 50 periodontally healthy subjects and from 50 periodontitis subjects. Samples were analyzed for the presence of T. forsythia using both techniques. Statistical analysis of the results was done using Chi-square test, sensitivity, and specificity tests. Results: Both techniques could detect T. forsythia in subgingival plaque samples from healthy and periodontitis subjects. Periodontally healthy individuals and individuals with chronic periodontitis using the culture technique showed the presence of T. forsythia in 14 and 34%, respectively. PCR technique showed the presence of T. forsythia in 20% healthy and 40% chronic periodontitis patients. T. forsythia detection in the periodontitis group was statistically significantly higher when compared to the healthy group by both culture and PCR technique (P = 0.019 and P = 0.029). PCR demonstrated high sensitivity and low specificity when compared to the culture technique. Conclusion: The results indicated that T. forsythia was more prevalent in periodontitis patients when compared with healthy subjects. The PCR was found to be more sensitive than culture technique for detection of T. forsythia from the subgingival plaque samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Bankur
- Department of Periodontology, Guru Gobind Singh College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aarati Nayak
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore Bhat
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi Bankur
- Department of Oral Pathology, M. R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Reshma Naik
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sathyadeep Dental Clinic, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nami Rajpoot
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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