1
|
Li Z, Liu Q, Sun J, Sun J, Li M, Zhang Y, Deng A, Liu S, Wen T. Multivariate modular metabolic engineering for enhanced L-methionine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2023; 16:101. [PMID: 37312226 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-Methionine is the only bulk amino acid that has not been industrially produced by the fermentation method. Due to highly complex and strictly regulated biosynthesis, the development of microbial strains for high-level L-methionine production has remained challenging in recent years. RESULTS By strengthening the L-methionine terminal synthetic module via site-directed mutation of L-homoserine O-succinyltransferase (MetA) and overexpression of metAfbr, metC, and yjeH, L-methionine production was increased to 1.93 g/L in shake flask fermentation. Deletion of the pykA and pykF genes further improved L-methionine production to 2.51 g/L in shake flask fermentation. Computer simulation and auxotrophic experiments verified that during the synthesis of L-methionine, equimolar amounts of L-isoleucine were accumulated via the elimination reaction of cystathionine γ-synthetase MetB due to the insufficient supply of L-cysteine. To increase the supply of L-cysteine, the L-cysteine synthetic module was strengthened by overexpression of cysEfbr, serAfbr, and cysDN, which further increased the production of L-methionine by 52.9% and significantly reduced the accumulation of the byproduct L-isoleucine by 29.1%. After optimizing the addition of ammonium thiosulfate, the final metabolically engineered strain MET17 produced 21.28 g/L L-methionine in 64 h with glucose as the carbon source in a 5 L fermenter, representing the highest L-methionine titer reported to date. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a high-efficiency strain for L-methionine production was derived from wild-type Escherichia coli W3110 by rational metabolic engineering strategies, providing an efficient platform for the industrial production of L-methionine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Jianjian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Aihua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Tingyi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- China Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matityahu I, Godo I, Hacham Y, Amir R. The level of threonine in tobacco seeds is limited by substrate availability, while the level of methionine is limited also by the activity of cystathionine γ-synthase. Plant Sci 2019; 283:195-201. [PMID: 31128689 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methionine and threonine are two essential amino acids whose low levels limit the nutritional quality of seeds. The current objective was to define factors that regulate and might increase their levels in seeds. Feeding experiments carried out on receptacles of developing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) capsules showed that 1 mM of S-methylmethionine increased the level of methionine to contents similar to 2.5 mM of homoserine, an intermediate metabolite of the aspartate family of amino acids. The latter also increased the level of threonine. Based on these findings, we generated tobacco seeds that expressed a combination of bacterial feedback-insensitive aspartate kinase (bAK), which was previously reported to have a high level of threonine/methionine, and feedback-insensitive cystathionine γ-synthase (CGS), the regulatory enzyme of the methionine biosynthesis pathway. Plants expressing this latter gene previously showed having higher levels of methionine. The results of total amino acids analysis showed that the level of threonine was highest in the bAK line, which has moderate levels of methionine and lysine, while the highest level of methionine was found in seeds expressing both heterologous genes. The results suggest that the level of threonine in tobacco seeds is limited by the substrate, while that of methionine is limited also by the activity of CGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Matityahu
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel
| | - I Godo
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel
| | - Y Hacham
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 11016, Israel
| | - R Amir
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 11016, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu WJ, Jia WW, Liu XH, Pan LL, Zhang QY, Yang D, Shen XY, Liu L, Zhu YZ. S-propargyl-cysteine attenuates inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis by modulating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Redox Biol 2016; 10:157-167. [PMID: 27744121 PMCID: PMC5066299 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third physiological gasotransmitter, is well recognized as an anti-inflammatory mediator in various inflammatory conditions. Herein, we explored the protective effects of S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC, also known as ZYZ-802), an endogenous H2S modulator, on RA and determined the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, SPRC concentration-dependently attenuated inflammatory mediator expression, reactive oxidase species generation, and the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 in interleukin (IL)-1β-induced human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes MH7A. In addition, SPRC blocked IL-1β-mediated migration and invasion of MH7A cells. As expected, the protective effects of SPRC were partially abrogated by DL-propargylglycine (PAG, a H2S biosynthesis inhibitor). In vivo study also demonstrated that SPRC treatment markedly ameliorated the severity of RA in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats, and this effect was associated with the inhibition of inflammatory response. We further identified that SPRC remarkably induced heme oxygenase-1 expression associated with the degradation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); this effect was attributed to the sulfhydrylation of the cysteine residue of Keap1. Our data demonstrated for the first time that SPRC, an endogenous H2S modulator, exerted anti-inflammatory properties in RA by upregulating the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wan-Wan Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Di Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hagiwara-Komoda Y, Sugiyama T, Yamashita Y, Onouchi H, Naito S. The N-terminal cleavable pre-sequence encoded in the first exon of cystathionine γ-synthase contains two different functional domains for chloroplast targeting and regulation of gene expression. Plant Cell Physiol 2014; 55:1779-1792. [PMID: 25146485 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast transit peptide sequences (cTPs) located in the N-terminal region of nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins are essential for their sorting, and are generally cleaved from the proteins after their import into the chloroplasts. The Arabidopsis thaliana cystathionine γ-synthase (CGS), the first committed enzyme of methionine biosynthesis, is a nuclear-encoded chloroplast protein. Arabidopsis CGS possesses an N-terminal extension region that is dispensable for enzymatic activity. This N-terminal extension contains the cTP and several functional domains including an MTO1 region, the cis-element for post-transcriptional feedback regulation of CGS1 that codes for CGS. A previous report suggested that the cTP cleavage site of CGS is located upstream of the MTO1 region. However, the region required for protein sorting has not been analyzed. In this study, we carried out functional analyses to elucidate the region required for chloroplast targeting by using a chimeric protein, Ex1:GFP, in which the CGS1 exon 1 coding region containing the N-terminal extension was tagged with green fluorescent protein. The sequence upstream of the MTO1 region was responsible for efficient chloroplast targeting and for avoidance of missorting to the mitochondria. Our data also showed that the major N-terminus of Ex1:GFP is Ala91, which is located immediately downstream of the MTO1 region, and the MTO1 region is not retained in the mature Ex1:GFP accumulated in the chloroplast. These findings suggest that the N-terminal cleavable pre-sequence harbors dual functions in protein sorting and in regulating gene expression. Our study highlights the unique properties of Arabidopsis CGS cTP among chloroplast-targeted proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hagiwara-Komoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan These authors contributed equally to this work. Present address: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Tomoya Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan These authors contributed equally to this work. Present address: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., API Process Development Department, Tokyo, 115-8543 Japan
| | - Yui Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Onouchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Satoshi Naito
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| |
Collapse
|