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Bertolo MVL, Guarda MB, Fronza BM, Abuna GF, Vitti RP, Geraldeli S, Sinhoreti MAC. Electric current effects on bond strength, nanoleakage, degree of conversion and dentinal infiltration of adhesive systems. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104529. [PMID: 33910131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of three adhesive systems applied under electric current on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and degree of conversion (DC). Molar teeth were restored with the aid of three adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond 2-SB2; Clearfil SE Bond-CSE; and Single Bond Universal-SBU) under different electric current intensities (0 μA; 25 μA; and 50 μA). Composite resin blocks were built up in increments (2 mm) and sectioned into 1 × 1 mm beams. The μTBS was tested after 24 h and 1 y distilled water storages. Samples (n = 10) from 24 h to 1 y storages were immersed in a 50% ammoniacal silver nitrate solution and submitted to scanning electron microscopy. The silver nitrate in the hybrid layer was quantified (ImageJ software). The adhesive systems' dentinal infiltration was analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy was used to measure the DC. The μTBS data were submitted to two-way ANOVA (time vs. electric current) and Bonferroni's test (α = 0.05). Quantitative nanoleakage data were submitted to two-way ANOVA (electric current vs. adhesive) and Bonferroni's test (α = 0.05). DC data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05) for each adhesive system. The electric current statistically increased the μTBS for SB2 and CSE in 24 h storage, as well as for SB2, CSE and SBU in 1 y storage. No significant difference was observed between storage time for CSE and SBU. When compared to the control, electric currents (25 μA and 50 μA) showed significantly higher DC mean values for SB2 and SBU, and had no effect on CSE. The electric currents (25 μA and 50 μA) reduced the adhesive system's nanoleakage after 1-year storage, and improved the infiltration of SB2 and CSE. Both electric current intensities improved dentinal interface stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinícius Loureiro Bertolo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurício Bottene Guarda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Marin Fronza
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Flores Abuna
- Division of Biomedical Materials, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Rafael Pino Vitti
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil
| | - Saulo Geraldeli
- Division of Biomedical Materials, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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