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Almevall A, Almevall AD, Öhlin J, Gustafson Y, Zingmark K, Niklasson J, Nordström P, Rosendahl E, Söderberg S, Olofsson B. Self-rated health in old age, related factors and survival: A 20-Year longitudinal study within the Silver-MONICA cohort. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 122:105392. [PMID: 38492492 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-rated health (SRH) offers insights into the evolving health demographics of an ageing population. AIM To assess change in SRH from old age to very old age and their associations with health and well-being factors, and to investigate the association between SRH and survival. METHODS All participants in the MONICA 1999 re-examination born before 1940 (n = 1595) were included in the Silver-MONICA baseline cohort. The Silver-MONICA follow-up started in 2016 included participants in the Silver-MONICA baseline cohort aged 80 years or older. Data on SRH was available for 1561 participants at baseline with 446 of them also participating in the follow-up. The follow-up examination included a wide variety of measurements and tests. FINDINGS Most participants rated their health as "Quite good" (54.5 %) at baseline. Over the study period, 42.6 % had stable SRH, 40.6 % had declined, and 16.8 % had improved. Changes in SRH were at follow-up significantly associated with age, pain, nutrition, cognition, walking aid use, self-paced gait speed, lower extremity strength, independence in activities of daily living, weekly physical exercise, outdoor activity, participation in organized activities, visiting others, morale, and depressive symptoms. SRH at baseline was significantly associated with survival (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates associations between changes in SRH and a multitude of health- and wellbeing-related factors, as well as a relation between survival and SRH, accentuating their relevance within the ageing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Almevall
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Division of Nursing and Medical Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | | | - Jerry Öhlin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yngve Gustafson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Zingmark
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Division of Nursing and Medical Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Johan Niklasson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Nordström
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Rosendahl
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Olofsson
- Department of Nursing, Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Orthopedics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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AlDukhail S, Bahdila D. Self-perception of health and physical activity among adults before and amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: United States, 2019-2020. Prev Med 2022; 158:107037. [PMID: 35346750 PMCID: PMC8956341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The compounded impact of the COVID-19 lockdowns on self-perception of health (SPoH) and physical activity (PA) levels among U.S. adults remains to be explored. We sought to: (1) describe the SPoH and PA levels among U.S. adults; (2) explore the relationship between SPoH and PA before and amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data from the 2019 and 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th, 2020. This date was chosen to demarcate the responses as before and amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Weighted prevalence estimates were presented alongside adjusted odds ratios from multivariable logistic regression of general SPoH and PA levels for U.S. adults before and amidst COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data for 9328 participants. Over half of the U.S. adult population reported performing no muscle strengthening exercise in 2019. The number of inactive people has slightly increased in 2020 (27.8%), compared to 2019 (26.5%). Overall, levels of PA for active people were comparable in 2020 pre and post the WHO pandemic declaration date (36.4% and 39.8%; respectively). Higher odds of negative SPoH were observed among black individuals, current cigarettes smokers, with annual income less than $35,000, physically inactive individuals, people who do not perform muscle-strengthening exercise, and who were very obese. Negative SPoH were associated with lack of moderate exercise, and lack of muscle-strengthening training among U.S. adults before and amidst the pandemic. Pandemic policies and recommendations should include and facilitate PA, specifically among vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikha AlDukhail
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology(,) Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Dania Bahdila
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology(,) Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Lucatelli A, Goulart AA, Silveira PSP, Siqueira JO, Carmona MJC, Pereira VFA, Valentin LSS, Vieira JE. Assessment of a digital game as a neuropsychological test for postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Braz J Anesthesiol 2021:S0104-0014(21)00286-4. [PMID: 34332955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postoperative cognitive dysfunction may result from worsening in a condition of previous impairment. It causes greater difficulty in recovery, longer hospital stays, and consequent delay in returning to work activities. Digital games have a potential neuromodulatory and rehabilitation effect. In this study, a digital game was used as a neuropsychological test to assess postoperative cognitive dysfunction, with preoperative patient performance as control. METHODS It was a non-controlled study, with patients selected among candidates for elective non-cardiac surgery, evaluated in the pre- and postoperative periods. The digital game used has six phases developed to evaluate selective attention, alternating attention, visuoperception, inhibitory control, short-term memory, and long-term memory. The digital game takes about 25 minutes. Scores are the sum of correct answers in each cognitive domain. Statistical analysis compared these cognitive functions pre- and post-surgery using a generalized linear mixed model (ANCOVA). RESULTS Sixty patients were evaluated, 40% male and 60% female, with a mean age of 52.7 ± 13.5 years. Except for visuoperception, a reduction in post-surgery scores was found in all phases of the digital game. CONCLUSION The digital game was able to detect decline in several cognitive functions postoperatively. As its completion is faster than in conventional tests on paper, this digital game may be a potentially recommended tool for assessing patients, especially the elderly and in the early postoperative period.
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Jung H, Jeon WT, An S. Is accreditation in medical education in Korea an opportunity or a burden? J Educ Eval Health Prof 2020; 17:31. [PMID: 33085998 PMCID: PMC7604169 DOI: 10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The accreditation process is both an opportunity and a burden for medical schools in Korea. The line that separates the two is based on how medical schools recognize and utilize the accreditation process. In other words, accreditation is a burden for medical schools if they view the accreditation process as merely a formal procedure or a means to maintain accreditation status for medical education. However, if medical schools acknowledge the positive value of the accreditation process, accreditation can be both an opportunity and a tool for developing medical education. The accreditation process has educational value by catalyzing improvements in the quality, equity, and efficiency of medical education and by increasing the available options. For the accreditation process to contribute to medical education development, accrediting agencies and medical schools must first be recognized as partners of an educational alliance working together towards common goals. Secondly, clear guidelines on accreditation standards should be periodically reviewed and shared. Finally, a formative self-evaluation process must be introduced for institutions to utilize the accreditation process as an opportunity to develop medical education. This evaluation system could be developed through collaboration among medical schools, academic societies for medical education, and the accrediting authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jung
- Department of Medical Education, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Taek Jeon
- Department of Medical Education, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinki An
- Department of Medical Education, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Glans M, Humble MB, Elwin M, Bejerot S. Self-rated joint hypermobility: the five-part questionnaire evaluated in a Swedish non-clinical adult population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:174. [PMID: 32183749 PMCID: PMC7079417 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-3067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The conventional way to identify generalised joint hypermobility is by a physical examination according to the Beighton Score. However, a physical examination is time-consuming in clinical practise and may be unfeasible in population-based studies. The self-assessment five-part questionnaire on hypermobility (5PQ) offers a more practicable way to identify GJH. The aim of this study was to test validity and reliability of the five-part questionnaire on hypermobility (5PQ) translated into Swedish on a non-clinical adult population. Methods A structured procedure was used for the translation of the 5PQ into Swedish. The Beighton Score was used as reference standard for generalised joint hypermobility. Test-retest reliability was tested in a separate group who filled in the questionnaire twice with a ten-week interval. Participants consisted of a convenience sample recruited in Stockholm, Sweden (2017). Results A total of 328 participants were included in the study, 297 participants in the validity group and 31 participants in the reliability group. When evaluated against a present Beighton Score with an age-dependent cut-off, the Swedish 5PQ attained a sensitivity of 91%, a specificity of 75% and an area under the curve of 0.87. The Swedish 5PQ showed substantial to almost perfect test-retest reliability. Conclusions The Swedish 5PQ is a valid and reliable instrument to screen for or to identify generalised joint hypermobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Glans
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Mats B Humble
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, SE-70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Marie Elwin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Susanne Bejerot
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, SE-70182, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Santos GC, Liljeroos M, Dwyer AA, Jaques C, Girard J, Strömberg A, Hullin R, Schäfer-Keller P. Symptom perception in heart failure - Interventions and outcomes: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 116:103524. [PMID: 32063295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptom perception in heart failure has recently been described as essential in the self-care process bridging self-care maintenance and self-care management. Accordingly, symptom perception appears to be critical for improving patient outcomes such as decreased hospital readmission and increased survival. OBJECTIVES To explore what interventions have been reported on heart failure symptom perception and to describe outcomes responsive to symptom perception. DESIGN We conducted a scoping review using PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. DATA SOURCES Structured searches of Medline, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane, Joanna Briggs Institute and Grey literature databases. REVIEW METHODS Two authors independently screened references for eligibility. Eligible articles were written in English, French, German, Swedish, Italian or Spanish and concerned symptom perception in adults with heart failure. Data were extracted and charted in tables by three reviewers. Results were narratively summarized. RESULTS We identified 99 eligible studies from 3055 references. Seven interventional studies targeted symptom perception as the single intervention component. Mixed results have been found: while some reported decreased symptom frequency, intensity and distress, enhanced health-related quality of life, improved heart failure self-care maintenance and management as well as a greater ability to mention heart failure symptoms, others found more contacts with healthcare providers or no impact on anxiety, heart failure self-care nor a number of diary reported symptoms. Additional interventional studies included symptom perception as one component of a multi-faceted intervention. Outcomes responsive to symptom perception were improved general and physical health, decreased mortality, heart failure decompensation, as hospital/emergency visits, shorter delays in seeking care, more consistent weight monitoring, improved symptom recognition as well as self-care management, decreased hospital length of stay and decreased costs. CONCLUSIONS While many studies allowed to map a comprehensive overview of interventions supporting symptom perception in heart failure as well as responsiveness to outcomes, only a few single component intervention studies targeting symptom perception have been reported and study designs preclude assessing intervention effectiveness. With regard to multiple component interventions, the specific impact of symptom perception interventions on outcomes remains uncertain to date. Well-designed studies are needed to test the effectiveness of symptom perception interventions and to elucidate relationships with outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Cécile Santos
- School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Fribourg, Haute Ecole de Santé Fribourg, Route des Arsenaux 16a, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; PhD Student at Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare IUFRS, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, SV-A Secteur Vennes, Route de la Corniche 10, CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Liljeroos
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, 631 88 Eskilstuna, Sweden.
| | - Andrew A Dwyer
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United State of America.
| | - Cécile Jaques
- Medical Library, Research and Education Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Route du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Josepha Girard
- School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Fribourg, Haute Ecole de Santé Fribourg, Route des Arsenaux 16a, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Strömberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Roger Hullin
- Department of cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Route du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of biology and medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Petra Schäfer-Keller
- School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Fribourg, Haute Ecole de Santé Fribourg, Route des Arsenaux 16a, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Camp AS, Shane TS, Kang J, Thomas B, Pole C, Lee RK. Evaluating Self-Refraction and Ready-Made Spectacles for Treatment of Uncorrected Refractive Error. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2018; 25:392-398. [PMID: 30118609 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2018.1500615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide and has significant quality of life and economic implications. Treatment with subjective refraction and custom-made spectacles requires expensive equipment and highly trained personnel. We examine several alternatives. METHODS Patients were taught to self-refract using two devices: AdSpecs and the I-test Vision Screener. Ready-made spectacles were fit to the self-refraction and visual acuity (VA) was measured. Donated-spectacles were fit to subjective refraction and VA was measured. Self-refraction and donated spectacles spherical equivalent (SE) and VA were compared to subjective refraction SE and VA. RESULTS About 57 patients (102 eyes) were enrolled in the study. Patients accurately determined refractive power with self-refraction by both AdSpecs and the I-test (compared to subjective refraction SE, r2 = 0.97 and r2 = 0.94, respectively). SE of donated spectacles fit well with self-refraction SE (r2 = 0.91). There was no significant difference between best-corrected VA by subjective refraction and VA treated by ready-made spectacles fit to self-refraction by either device (analysis of variance (ANOVA), p non-significant). Patients fit with donated spectacles had significantly worse VA than best-corrected VA by subjective refraction (ANOVA, p < 0.01), although 80% improved to >20/40. CONCLUSION Patients accurately self-refract using both devices and ready-made spectacles fit to self-refraction have excellent visual outcomes. Donated spectacles have worse visual outcomes but might be useful in a subset of patients. Ready-made spectacles fit to self-refraction may provide a treatment alternative to uncorrected refractive error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Camp
- a Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , Florida , USA.,b Shiley Eye Institue , La Jolla , California , USA
| | - Thomas S Shane
- a Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , Florida , USA.,c Retina Care Consultants , Sarasota , Florida , USA
| | - Julia Kang
- a Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - Benjamin Thomas
- a Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , Florida , USA.,d Florida Retina Eye Institute , Jacksonville , Florida , USA
| | - Cameron Pole
- a Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - Richard K Lee
- a Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , Florida , USA
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Pedroni-Pereira A, Marquezin MCS, Araujo DS, Pereira LJ, Bommarito S, Castelo PM. Lack of agreement between objective and subjective measures in the evaluation of masticatory function: A preliminary study. Physiol Behav 2017; 184:220-225. [PMID: 29217358 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of mastication is important to understand the masticatory behavior and diagnose feeding difficulties. The objective of this preliminary study was to verify if there is agreement between objective and subjective validated methods of chewing evaluation in a convenience sample which consisted of 32 adolescents (mean 15.5years), complete permanent dentition and free of tooth decay. The Quality of Masticatory Function Questionnaire with the Food-Mastication, Habits, Meat, Fruit and Vegetables domains was used in the subjective evaluation. The objective aspects consisted of maximum bite force (BF) and masticatory performance (MP) by mastication of cubes of test-material and sieving to determine the median particle size (X50) and distribution in the sieves ("b"), and by the colorimetric method using colorchangeable chewing gum. Data were submitted to exploratory analysis, normality test and correlation tests (Pearson/Spearman). The correlation between BF and X50 (r=-0.43; p=0.02) and between BF and MP chewing gum (r=0.53; p=0.002) was significant with large effect size. The MP evaluated by chewing gum correlated with X50 (r=-0.34; p=0.055), but not with "b" (r=-0.06; p=0.73), while "b" correlated only with X50 (r=0.52, p=0.002). No significant correlation was observed between the objective measures and the total score of the subjective evaluation; only a negative correlation was observed between "b" and Meat domain (r=-0.40; p=0.023). The objective methods showed moderate correlation with each other and no agreement between the objective and subjective methods was observed in this sample of healthy adolescents, emphasizing the importance of both aspects in the evaluation of masticatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Silvana Bommarito
- Department of Speech Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
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Nunes BP, de Oliveira Saes M, Siqueira FV, Tomasi E, Silva SM, da Silveira DS, Soares MU, Facchini LA, Thumé E. Falls and self-assessment of eyesight among elderly people: a population-based study in a south Brazilian municipality. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59:131-5. [PMID: 24742776 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper seeks to verify the association between falls and self-assessment of visual acuity in elderly people by means of a cross-sectional population-based study involving 1593 elderly people (aged 60 or over) from the urban zone of the municipality of Bagé-RS. Poisson regression was used for association analysis. Fall prevalence in the last year was 28.0% (95%CI: 25.8; 30.2), with 45.0% of these having suffered two or more falls in the same period. Elderly people self-assessing their eyesight as bad/very poor (10.0%) or regular (33.3%) showed a linear increase in fall occurrence when compared to individuals who considered their eyesight to be good/excellent. Self-assessment of eyesight showed itself to be an important factor associated with the occurrence of falls. This results entails the need to make progress with tracing elderly people with eyesight difficulties and its possible impact on actions to prevent the occurrence of falls.
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