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Li X, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Qiu J, Zhang J, Yang C, Zhao Y, Zhang Y. Association between dietary antioxidant capacity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults: a population-based cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:16. [PMID: 38553719 PMCID: PMC10981302 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher intakes of dietary antioxidants have been linked to a lower type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the overall dietary antioxidant capacity, assessed by dietary antioxidant quality scores (DAQS) and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), related to T2DM risk, especially in populations consuming relatively monotonous diets. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of DAQS, DTAC, and T2DM among rural Chinese adults. METHODS Data from 12,467 participants from the Natural Population Cohort of Northwest China: Ningxia Project was analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. DAQS were calculated based on vitamins A, C, and E, zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) intake. DTAC was estimated using the ferric-reducing ability of plasma assay. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of DAQS and DTAC with T2DM risk. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess potential non-linear relationships between DTAC and T2DM. RESULTS T2DM was observed in 1,238 (9.9%) participants. After adjusting for confounders, compared to the lowest tertiles (T1) of DAQS, the odds ratios (ORs) for T2DM were 1.03 (95% CI 0.82-1.30) in T2 and 0.85 (95% CI 0.68-1.06) in T3 (P = 0.010). Compared to T1, the ORs for T2DM in the highest T3 were 0.78 (95% CI 0.67-0.91, P-trend = 0.008) for vitamin A, 1.34 (95% CI 1.15-1.56, P-trend < 0.001) for vitamin E, 0.83 (95% CI 0.71-0.97, P-trend = 0.007) for Se, and 0.86 (95% CI 0.74-1.01, P-trend = 0.033) for Zn. Compared to the lowest quartile(Q1) of DTAC, the OR in the highest Q4 was 0.96 (95% CI 0.80-1.17, P-trend = 0.024) for T2DM. A non-linear relationship was observed between DATC and T2DM. CONCLUSION Higher DAQS and DATC were associated with a lower T2DM risk, suggesting that consuming antioxidant-rich foods may reduce the T2DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yixuan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qingan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiangwei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China.
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China.
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China.
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