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Bizhani N, Najafi F, Rokni MB, Sharifi AM, Fallah Kiapi M, Paknezhad N, Mohtasebi S, Mowlavi G, Otranto D, Dupouy-Camet J. Tracking the existence of Dioctophyma renale in Parthian Empire of Iran (247 BC-224 AD). Parasitol Res 2023; 122:413-418. [PMID: 36416951 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Paleoparasitological investigation in the archeological site of the Caspian Sea littoral revealed the presence of human Dioctophyma renale infection, a ubiquitous kidney-residing helminth of mammals, during the Parthian Empire of Iran (247 BC-224 AD). This study reports the oldest human infection with giant kidney worm in the Middle East, mainly in an area where the infection is reported nowadays. The paucity of records throughout the literature suggests that the same species of parasite occurred with low frequency in the past, as well. The cemetery in the archeological site of Kiasar represented a unique opportunity of studying human and animal parasites of the Parthian Empire in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Bizhani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Najafi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohmmad Bagher Rokni
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol Motalleb Sharifi
- Center of Research, Office of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fallah Kiapi
- Center of Research, Office of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
| | - Niloofar Paknezhad
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Mohtasebi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mowlavi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Boerekamps A, Janmaat VT, Schrama YC, Westerman M, Verdijk RM, Koelewijn R, De Man P, de Mendonça Melo M, Van Hellemond JJ. First reported case of an ectopic renal giant worm (Dioctophyme renale) infection in the abdominal cavity. J Travel Med 2022; 29:6524084. [PMID: 35137204 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Boerekamps
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis Vlietland Hospital Rotterdam, Kleiweg 500, 3045 PM, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent T Janmaat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis Vlietland Hospital Rotterdam, Kleiweg 500, 3045 PM, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne C Schrama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis Vlietland Hospital Rotterdam, Kleiweg 500, 3045 PM, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Westerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis Vlietland Hospital Rotterdam, Kleiweg 500, 3045 PM, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Koelewijn
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Institute for Tropical Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter De Man
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Franciscus Gasthuis Vlietland Hospital Rotterdam, Kleiweg 500, 3045 PM, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariana de Mendonça Melo
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Institute for Tropical Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Van Hellemond
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Institute for Tropical Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Greer T, Amaro AA, Wilson D, Smrdelj M. Giant Red Kidney Worm ( Dioctophyma renale) Screening and Treatment Protocol and Aberrant Worm Migration In Dogs From Ontario and Manitoba, Canada. J Parasitol 2021; 107:358-363. [PMID: 33906232 DOI: 10.1645/20-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The life cycle of Dioctophyma renale involves an intermediate host (oligochaete), a paratenic hosts (fish and frogs), and a definitive host (mustelids and canids). Dogs are at risk of infection with D. renale when they consume paratenic hosts infected with the larval form of D. renale. Water containing the oligochaete intermediate host cannot be disregarded as another source of infection. Infections occur mainly in the right kidney, but worms have also been found in the abdominal cavity as well as other organs. Most dogs appear asymptomatic and infections are usually noted as incidental findings on necropsy. Recently, the Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) and Humane Society conducted transports of dogs located in northern remote communities. In 2016, some female dogs were found to be infected with D. renale upon ovariohysterectomy. In response to this discovery, we developed a screening protocol to screen for D. renale infections. In 2018, a total of 130 intact dogs were transferred from 2 northern communities in the provinces of Ontario and Manitoba. A prevalence of 7.94% (95% confidence interval 3.87-14.11%) was found from dogs from the northern communities. The screening protocol we developed provides a method of screening for dogs that are transported from communities that could be at risk of infection with D. renale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Greer
- Niagara SPCA, 700 East Main Street, Welland, L3B 2M6 Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Anick Amaro
- Georgian Triangle Humane Society, 549 Tenth Line, Collingwood, L9Y 0W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Dave Wilson
- Department of Shelter Health and Wellness, Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA), Stouffville, L4A 2W3 Ontario, Canada
| | - Magdalena Smrdelj
- Department of Shelter Health and Wellness, Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA), Stouffville, L4A 2W3 Ontario, Canada
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Angelou A, Tsakou K, Mpranditsas K, Sioutas G, Moores DA, Papadopoulos E. Giant Kidney Worm: Novel Report of Dioctophyma Renale in the Kidney of a Dog in Greece. Helminthologia 2020; 57:43-8. [PMID: 32063739 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2020-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioctophyma renale is the largest nematode that infects domestic mammals and is the aetiologic agent of a serious renal disease, dioctophymatosis. It has an indirect life cycle with carnivores serving as final hosts and earthworms as intermediate hosts. The parasite can infect humans with signifi cant zoonotic potential. The pathogenesis of dioctophymatosis is mainly associated with the extent of renal atrophy caused by the parasites, the risk of bilateral renal infestation and the location of the parasite (extrarenal cases). Clinical diagnosis is challenging, and the only treatment option is nephrectomy or nephrotomy to remove the adult nematode. A 6-year-old female crossbreed dog presented with tachypnea, tachycardia and severe hematuria, but died shortly after presentation. Postmortem examination found the right kidney was enlarged and two adult nematodes were found in the renal pelvis. The left kidney was normal. The nematodes were collected and submitted for identifi cation. The two specimens were identifi ed as D. renale using specific identifi cation keys. Herein we present the first case of renal parasitosis by the nematode D. renale in a dog from Greece. This case highlights the need for investigation of the actual prevalence of the parasite and the use of measures for the control of its expansion aiming the protection of dogs and public health.
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Zolhavarieh SM, Norian A, Yavari M. Dioctophyma renale (Goeze, 1782) Infection in a Domestic Dog from Hamedan, Western Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2016; 11:131-5. [PMID: 27095981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Dioctophyma renale infection is found in a wide range of mammalian species, typically in temperate areas of the world. Here, we report for the first time, the parasitism of a domestic dog by D. renale in Hamedan, Iran, a mountainous cold region, lacking significant amounts of rainfall, high humidity and temperature. A 2.5 yr old male mixed breed dog was presented with a two months history of progressive hematuria and muscle weakness. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry were performed with results indicating impaired renal function. Urinalysis, showed hematuria as well as parasitic eggs, suggestive of D. renale infection. Urinary system ultrasonography revealed a hypoecogenic tubular structure in the right kidney. The animal was treated with fenbendazole (45 mg/kg, PO, QD - five days) and ivermectin (0.02 mg/kg, SC, single dose). One week later, repeated laboratory examination confirmed presence of at least one alive worm in the affected kidney. A unilateral nephrectomy was performed; one female (60 × 5 cm) and one male (30 × 3.8 cm) live worm were taken out of the extremely thin walled right kidney. One month later, due to failure of the remained kidney and poor condition, the patient deceased. We conclude that dioctophymosis can be found in cold and or relatively dry area. Moreover, the results showed that the worm was not affected with common anthelmintic drugs.
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HAJIALILO E, MOBEDI I, MASOUD J, HASANPOUR H, MOWLAVI G. Dioctophyme renale in Vulpes vulpes from the Caspian Sea littoral of Iran. Iran J Public Health 2015; 44:698-700. [PMID: 26284212 PMCID: PMC4537628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
During a long term of road survey for detection of the zoonotic helminthes in carnivores, a male Vulpes vulpes was naturally found infected by Dioctophyme renale in Caspian Sea littoral in Iran. Since the parasite transmission usually occurs through consumption of fish and other accidental food items, investigation of the worm amongst fish-eating animals in the areas with potential circulation of the helminth life cycle, has been regarded as a public health importance so far. Concerning the rout of parasite transmission to humans, different epidemiological aspects should be studied in the country. Present paper describes a destructive lesion of the kidney in the fox due to D. renale after almost a decade of monitoring for the parasite reservoirs in the region.
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Katafigiotis I, Fragkiadis E, Pournaras C, Nonni A, Stravodimos KG. A rare case of a 39 year old male with a parasite called Dioctophyma renale mimicking renal cancer at the computed tomography of the right kidney. A case report. Parasitol Int 2013; 62:459-60. [PMID: 23811203 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We present a very rare case of a 39 year old patient with Dioctophyma renale depicted as a Bosniak cyst IV of the right kidney who was finally subjected to a robotic assisted radical nephrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Katafigiotis
- 1st University Urology Clinic Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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