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Antunes P, Gama A, Pereira M, Gaspar EMM. Spatiotemporal bioavailability of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in wild mussels from the Portuguese Atlantic coast. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:576-587. [PMID: 36947716 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2186711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal bioavailability of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in wild adult mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, collected along the Portuguese Atlantic coast between 2009 and 2020. The work is part of a national environmental monitoring program. The purpose was to evaluate the dioxins' temporal trends, the human and ecological risks, and the correlation between mussels' location and the main pollutant sources in Portugal. The levels and congener patterns of the most toxicity-relevant 17 PCDD/Fs and 12 dl-PCBs were determined, with the dl-PCBs dominant. The sum of Σ17PCDD/Fs and Σ12dl-PCBs values ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 ng WHO-TEQ kg-1, (wet weight basis), below the limits established by the European Commission for contamination in fish and fishery products (6.5 ng per kg-1). The study included five years - 2009, 2010, 2016, 2018 and 2020 -, allowing to verify the impact of European Directive 2013/39/UE against the pollution of water in Portugal; it was observed that dioxin levels in mussels diminished over the time. Statistical analysis allowed verification of different spatial trends of dl-PCB profiles along the Portuguese Atlantic coast. The mono-ortho dl-PCB pentachlorinated congener IUPAC #118 prevailed in 2009 and 2018 in all sampling sites, and it was predominant in 2010, 2016 and 2020, followed by the congeners IUPAC #105, #156 and #167. The IUPAC #167, #169 and #123 were the most abundant hexachlorinated congeners, and the IUPAC #77 the most abundant tetrachlorinated congener. This work emphasises the importance of monitoring dioxins and mapping the congeners in Atlantic coastal ecosystems, to contribute to their elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Antunes
- Reference Laboratory of Environmental Portuguese Agency, Rua da Mugueira, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Ana Gama
- Reference Laboratory of Environmental Portuguese Agency, Rua da Mugueira, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Margarida Pereira
- Reference Laboratory of Environmental Portuguese Agency, Rua da Mugueira, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Elvira M M Gaspar
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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Gorito AM, Ribeiro AR, Almeida CMR, Silva AMT. A review on the application of constructed wetlands for the removal of priority substances and contaminants of emerging concern listed in recently launched EU legislation. Environ Pollut 2017; 227:428-443. [PMID: 28486186 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of organic pollutants in the aquatic environment, usually found at trace concentrations (i.e., between ng L-1 and μg L-1 or even lower, known as micropollutants), has been highlighted in recent decades as a worldwide environmental concern due to their difficult elimination by conventional water and wastewater treatment processes. The relevant information on constructed wetlands (CWs) and their application for the removal of a specific group of pollutants, 41 organic priority substances/classes of substances (PSs) and 8 certain other substances with environmental quality standards (EQS) listed in Directive 2013/39/EU as well as 17 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) of the Watch List of Decision 2015/495/EU, is herein reviewed. Studies were found for 24 PSs and 2 other substances with EQS: octylphenol, nonylphenol, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, trichloromethane, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, pentachlorobenzene, benzene, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, naphthalene, fluoranthene, trifluralin, alachlor, isoproturon, diuron, tributyltin compounds, simazine, atrazine, chlorpyrifos (chlorpyrifos-ethyl), chlorfenvinphos, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, endosulfan, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (or DDT) and dieldrin. A few reports were also published for 8 CECs: imidacloprid, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, diclofenac, estrone, 17-beta-estradiol and 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol. No references were found for the other 17 PSs, 6 certain other substances with EQS and 9 CECs listed in EU legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Gorito
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - C M R Almeida
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Salgueiro-González N, Turnes-Carou I, Besada V, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P, Prada-Rodríguez D. Occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation of endocrine disrupting compounds in water, sediment and biota samples from a European river basin. Sci Total Environ 2015; 529:121-130. [PMID: 26005755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation of five endocrine disrupting compounds (4-tert-octylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, nonylphenol and bisphenol A) in water, sediment and biota (Corbicula fluminea) collected along the Minho River estuary (NW Iberian Peninsula) were examined. Samples were collected in two campaigns (May and November, 2012) and analyzed by different extraction procedures followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination. The presence of linear isomers (4-n-octylphenol and 4-n-nonylphenol) was scarcely observed whereas branched isomers (4-tert-octylphenol and nonylphenol) were measured in almost all samples. Wastewater treatment plant effluents and nautical, fishing and agricultural activities are considered the primary source of pollution of the river by alkylphenols. The presence of bisphenol A in the river could be mainly associated to punctual sources of contamination from industrial discharges. A decrease in the total concentration of phenolic compounds in water was observed from spring to autumn (from 0.888 μg L(-1) in May to 0.05 μg L(-1) in November), while similar values were shown in C. fluminea samples from the two campaigns (1388 and 1228 ng g(-1) dw in spring and autumn, respectively). In sediments, the total concentration of the target compounds varied between 13 and 4536 ng g(-1) dw (average of 1041 ng g(-1) dw). Sediment-water partition coefficient (Kd), bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) were estimated and highest values were obtained for nonylphenol. Calculated risk quotients showed low and moderate risk for the aquatic environment from the presence of the target compounds at all sampling points. The estimation of the daily intake of the studied compounds via water and biota ingestion indicated no risk for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Salgueiro-González
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - I Turnes-Carou
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - V Besada
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - S Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - P López-Mahía
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - D Prada-Rodríguez
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
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Salgueiro-González N, Turnes-Carou I, Viñas-Diéguez L, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P, Prada-Rodríguez D. Occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds in five estuaries of the northwest coast of Spain: Ecological and human health impact. Chemosphere 2015; 131:241-247. [PMID: 25648473 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and spatial distribution of alkylphenols (4-tert-octylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, nonylphenol) and bisphenol A were examined in five estuaries along the Northwest coastal area of Spain. As far as we know, no previous works about this topic could be found in the literature. A total of 98 seawater samples were collected during May 2011-July 2012 and analyzed by a highly sensitive DLLME-LC-MS/MS methodology recently developed. Results indicated nonylphenol was the most ubiquitous compound with maximal concentration of 0.337 μg L(-1) (Ría de Vigo). The environmental quality standards (EQS) established in Directive 2013/39/EU for 4-tert-octylphenol were slightly exceeded in some sampling points. Fishing harbours, water treatment plant and industrial discharges were supposed as the main sources of contamination. Low and medium ecological risk was determined in all estuaries. Possible endocrine effects on biota and population were estimated in terms of estrogenic activity and daily intake respectively, and no risk was found in any case.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Salgueiro-González
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - I Turnes-Carou
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - L Viñas-Diéguez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - S Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - P López-Mahía
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - D Prada-Rodríguez
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
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Ribeiro AR, Nunes OC, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT. An overview on the advanced oxidation processes applied for the treatment of water pollutants defined in the recently launched Directive 2013/39/EU. Environ Int 2015; 75:33-51. [PMID: 25461413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a recognized issue of major concern since a wide range of contaminants has been found in aquatic environment at ngL(-1) to μgL(-1) levels. In the year 2000, a strategy was defined to identify the priority substances concerning aquatic ecosystems, followed by the definition of environmental quality standards (EQS) in 2008. Recently it was launched the Directive 2013/39/EU that updates the water framework policy highlighting the need to develop new water treatment technologies to deal with such problem. This review summarizes the data published in the last decade regarding the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to treat priority compounds and certain other pollutants defined in this Directive, excluding the inorganic species (cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel and their derivatives). The Directive 2013/39/EU includes several pesticides (aldrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dicofol, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan, isodrin, heptachlor, lindane, pentachlorophenol, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos, dichlorvos, atrazine, simazine, terbutryn, diuron, isoproturon, trifluralin, cypermethrin, alachlor), solvents (dichloromethane, dichloroethane, trichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and its derivatives (PFOS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nonylphenol and octylphenol, as well as the three compounds included in the recommendation for the first watch list of substances (diclofenac, 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and 17-beta-estradiol (E2)). Some particular pesticides (aclonifen, bifenox, cybutryne, quinoxyfen), organotin compounds (tributyltin), dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, brominated diphenylethers, hexabromocyclododecanes and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate are also defined in this Directive, but studies dealing with AOPs are missing. AOPs are recognized tools to destroy recalcitrant compounds or, at least, to transform them into biodegradable species. Diuron (a phenylurea herbicide) and atrazine (from the triazine chemical class) are the most studied pesticides from Directive 2013/39/EU. Fenton-based processes are the most frequently applied to treat priority compounds in water and their efficiency typically increases with the operating temperature as well as under UV or solar light. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is the second most used treatment to destroy pollutants defined in the Directive. Ozone alone promotes the partial oxidation of pollutants, and an increase in the effluent biodegradability, but complete mineralization of pollutants is difficult. To overcome this drawback, ozonation has been combined with heterogeneous catalysts, addition of H2O2, other AOPs (such as photocatalysis) or membrane technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Ribeiro
- LCM - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials - Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Olga C Nunes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel F R Pereira
- LCM - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials - Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- LCM - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials - Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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