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Yuan X, Li L, Yan Y, Wang J, Zhai H, Wan G, Liu D, Liu R, Wang G. Multi-interfaced Ni/C@RGO/PTFE composites for electromagnetic protection applications with high environmental stability and durability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:371-380. [PMID: 38479273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
To efficiently address the growing electromagnetic pollution problem, it is urgently required to research high-performance electromagnetic materials that can effectively absorb or shield electromagnetic waves. In addition, the stability and durability of electromagnetic materials in complex practical environments is also an issue that needs to be noticed. Therefore, the starting point for our problem-solving is how to endow magnetic/dielectric multi-interfaced composite materials with excellent electromagnetic protection capability and environmental stability. In this study, magnetic/dielectric multi-interfaced Ni/carbon@reduced graphene oxide/polytetrafluoroethylene (Ni/C@RGO/PTFE) composites were developed to utilize as excellent EWA (electromagnetic wave absorption) and EMI (electromagnetic interference) shielding materials. Due to their diverse heterogeneous interfaces, rich conductive networks, and multiple loss mechanisms, the Ni/C@RGO/PTFE composite exhibits an optimal reflection loss of -61.48 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.20 GHz, with a filler loading of 5 wt%. Furthermore, Ni/C@RGO/PTFE composite films have an optimal absorption effectiveness value of 9.50 dB and an absorption coefficient of 0.49. Moreover, Ni/C@RGO/PTFE can hold high EWA performance in various corrosive media and maintain more than 90% of EMI shielding effectiveness, which can be attributed to the carbon coating and PTFE matrix acting as dual protective barriers for the susceptible metal Ni, thus obviously improving the stability and durability of composites. Overall, this work presents an effective strategy for the growth of high-performance EWA and EMI shielding materials with outstanding environmental stability and durability, which have wide application prospects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yuan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Liang Li
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yongzhu Yan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Jieping Wang
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhai
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Gengping Wan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Disheng Liu
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Guizhen Wang
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
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Wilkinson TA, Jenkins K, Hawryluk BA, Moore CM, Wiehe SE, Kottke MJ. Dual Protection Messaging for Adolescents and Young Adults in the Setting of Over-the-Counter Hormonal Contraception: A Human-Centered Design Approach. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022; 35:669-675. [PMID: 36031114 PMCID: PMC9701157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To use human-centered design approaches to engage adolescents and young adults in the creation of messages focused on dual method use in the setting of over-the-counter hormonal contraception access DESIGN: Baseline survey and self-directed workbooks with human-centered design activities were completed. The workbooks were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative methods to determine elements of the communication model, including sender, receiver, message, media, and environment. SETTING Indiana and Georgia PARTICIPANTS: People aged 14-21 years in Indiana and Georgia INTERVENTIONS: Self-directed workbooks MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Elements of the communication model, including sender, receiver, message, media, and environment RESULTS: We analyzed 54 workbooks, with approximately half from each state. Stakeholders self-identified as female (60.5%), white (50.9%), Hispanic (10.0%), sexually active (69.8%), and heterosexual (79.2%), with a mean age of 18 years. Most strongly agreed (75.5%) that they knew how to get condoms, but only 30.2% expressed the same sentiment about hormonal contraception. Exploration of the elements of the communication model indicated the importance of crafting tailored messages to intended receivers. Alternative terminology for dual protection, such as "Condom+____," was created. CONCLUSION There is a need for multiple and diverse messaging strategies about dual method use in the context of over-the-counter hormonal contraception to address the various pertinent audiences as this discussion transitions outside of traditional clinical encounters. Human-centered design approaches can be used for novel message development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Wilkinson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Children's Health Services Research, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Kelli Jenkins
- Indiana Clinical Translational Institute, Research Jam, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bridget A Hawryluk
- Indiana Clinical Translational Institute, Research Jam, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Courtney M Moore
- Indiana Clinical Translational Institute, Research Jam, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sarah E Wiehe
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Children's Health Services Research, Indianapolis, Indiana; Indiana Clinical Translational Institute, Research Jam, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa J Kottke
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Atlanta, Georgia
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Brown JL, Marais L, Sharp C, Cloete J, Lenka M, Rani K, Marime P, Ditlhare I, Moqolo R, Peterson D, Sales JM. Cultural Consensus Modeling to Understand South African Adolescent Girls' Attitudes, Awareness, and Uptake of Dual Protection Strategies. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:793-803. [PMID: 32800707 PMCID: PMC7676490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study used cultural consensus modeling to elucidate culturally relevant factors associated with dual protection use (strategies to prevent both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection [STI]/HIV) among South African adolescent girls aged 14-17 years. METHODS In Phase 1, participants (N = 50) completed a free-listing survey assessing pregnancy and STI/HIV methods used by peers. In Phase 2, participants (N = 100) completed a rating survey to examine perceived peer acceptability of Phase 1 pregnancy and STI/HIV prevention methods. In Phase 3, qualitative individual interviews (N = 25) gathered in-depth information regarding the cultural acceptability of pregnancy and STI/HIV prevention strategies. In Phase 4, participants (N = 300) completed the Phase 2 rating survey for individual beliefs regarding the acceptability of pregnancy and STI/HIV prevention methods. RESULTS In Phase 1, 41 pregnancy and 29 STI/HIV prevention strategies, along with 16 factors influencing pregnancy prevention method acceptability were endorsed; male condoms were the most commonly endorsed pregnancy and STI/HIV prevention method. In Phase 2, using cultural consensus analysis, participants were consistent in the perceived acceptability of pregnancy and STI/HIV prevention methods (73.4% variance accounted for in single cultural model). In Phase 3, qualitative findings provided in-depth information regarding factors influencing commonly used pregnancy (e.g., injectable contraception) and STI/HIV (e.g., condoms) prevention methods. In Phase 4, a single cultural model was identified (56.3% variance accounted for), with similar acceptability ratings as Phase 2. CONCLUSIONS A singular cultural model of pregnancy and STI/HIV prevention method acceptability was observed, with little awareness of dual protection. The findings highlight cultural factors for future culturally tailored dual protection interventions for South African adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Lochner Marais
- Centre for Development Support, Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Carla Sharp
- Centre for Development Support, Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa; Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Cloete
- Centre for Development Support, Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Molefi Lenka
- Centre for Development Support, Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Kholisa Rani
- Centre for Development Support, Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Philile Marime
- Centre for Development Support, Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Irene Ditlhare
- Centre for Development Support, Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Refuwe Moqolo
- Centre for Development Support, Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Disebo Peterson
- Centre for Development Support, Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Jessica M Sales
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Sheth AN, Angert CD, Haddad LB, Mehta CC, Cohn SE. Contraception methods used among women with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy in a large United States clinical trial, 2009-2011. Contraception 2021; 103:225-31. [PMID: 33189709 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) We describe contraception and dual method use among women with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a U.S. clinical trial and examine associated factors. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed data from ART-naïve women aged 45 years and under initiating one of 3 regimens as part of A5257 (May 2009-June 2011) which required that women at risk for pregnancy use contraception. We classified self-reported methods as more effective (Tier 1 [intrauterine device, hysterectomy, permanent contraception] and Tier 2 [hormonal rings, patches, injections, pills]) versus less effective (Tier 3 [condoms alone] and Tier 4 [withdrawal, none]). We used logistic regression models to assess associations with use of (a) more effective, and (b) dual methods (condoms with a more effective method). RESULTS Of 285 women, majority were Black (59%), had annual income <$20,000 (54%), and had government insurance (68%). The most common contraceptive methods reported at baseline were permanent contraception (37%), male condoms alone (31%), and injectable progestin (8%); 41% and 16% reported Tier 1 and 2 use, respectively; 36% reported dual method use. Use of more effective and dual methods did not change 48 and 96 weeks after ART initiation (p > 0.05). In multivariable analyses, baseline use of more effective and dual methods was associated with age at least 40 years versus 18 to 29 years (odds ratio [OR] 4.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12, 9.35) and having at least one child (OR 2.31, 95%CI 1.27, 4.20). CONCLUSIONS In women initiating modern ART in a clinical trial, permanent contraception was common, while use of other more effective contraceptive methods was low and did not change after ART initiation. Efforts are needed to improve integration of family planning services for women within the context of HIV clinical trials. IMPLICATIONS The findings highlight the importance of improving integration of HIV and family planning services, including in the context of clinical trials.
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Osuafor GN, Maputle SM. Dual Protection and Contraceptive Method Use among Women in Heterosexual Relationships in Mahikeng, South Africa. Afr J Reprod Health 2017; 21:64-72. [PMID: 29595026 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2017/v21i1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
South African new reproductive health policies have given weight to dual protection as a public health intervention against unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. However, studies of dual protection have remained scanty and under researched in South Africa. This situation has left the reproductive health policy makers clueless about salient strategies to promote dual contraceptive method use. A survey of 568 women in steady relationships aged 15-49 was conducted in Mahikeng Municipality. Using multivariate logistic regression independent predictors of contraceptive method use were examined and presented as odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Sixteen percent of the women were currently protecting against both unintended pregnancies and infectious diseases while 40% were protecting against unintended pregnancies only. Age, occupation, ever discussed condom use with partner; home language and religion were the independent predictors of dual method use. Non-barrier method use was associated with age, home language, religion, and duration of union. The study concludes that educative and enlightening programs that emphasize women's employment and communication about condom use may be specifically helpful in promoting dual method use.
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Ewing AC, Kottke MJ, Kraft JM, Sales JM, Brown JL, Goedken P, Wiener J, Kourtis AP. 2GETHER - The Dual Protection Project: Design and rationale of a randomized controlled trial to increase dual protection strategy selection and adherence among African American adolescent females. Contemp Clin Trials 2017; 54:1-7. [PMID: 28007634 PMCID: PMC5890330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American adolescent females are at elevated risk for unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Dual protection (DP) is defined as concurrent prevention of pregnancy and STIs. This can be achieved by abstinence, consistent condom use, or the dual methods of condoms plus an effective non-barrier contraceptive. Previous clinic-based interventions showed short-term effects on increasing dual method use, but evidence of sustained effects on dual method use and decreased incident pregnancies and STIs are lacking. METHODS/DESIGN This manuscript describes the 2GETHER Project. 2GETHER is a randomized controlled trial of a multi-component intervention to increase dual protection use among sexually active African American females aged 14-19years not desiring pregnancy at a Title X clinic in Atlanta, GA. The intervention is clinic-based and includes a culturally tailored interactive multimedia component and counseling sessions, both to assist in selection of a DP method and to reinforce use of the DP method. The participants are randomized to the study intervention or the standard of care, and followed for 12months to evaluate how the intervention influences DP method selection and adherence, pregnancy and STI incidence, and participants' DP knowledge, intentions, and self-efficacy. DISCUSSION The 2GETHER Project is a novel trial to reduce unintended pregnancies and STIs among African American adolescents. The intervention is unique in the comprehensive and complementary nature of its components and its individual tailoring of provider-patient interaction. If the trial interventions are shown to be effective, then it will be reasonable to assess their scalability and applicability in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Ewing
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Melissa J Kottke
- Jane Fonda Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joan Marie Kraft
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica M Sales
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peggy Goedken
- Jane Fonda Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wiener
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Athena P Kourtis
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Yam EA, Okal J, Musyoki H, Muraguri N, Tun W, Sheehy M, Geibel S. Kenyan female sex workers' use of female-controlled nonbarrier modern contraception: do they use condoms less consistently? Contraception 2015; 93:222-5. [PMID: 26656841 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether nonbarrier modern contraceptive use is associated with less consistent condom use among Kenyan female sex workers (FSWs). STUDY DESIGN Researchers recruited 579 FSWs using respondent-driven sampling. We conducted multivariate logistic regression to examine the association between consistent condom use and female-controlled nonbarrier modern contraceptive use. RESULTS A total of 98.8% reported using male condoms in the past month, and 64.6% reported using female-controlled nonbarrier modern contraception. In multivariate analysis, female-controlled nonbarrier modern contraceptive use was not associated with decreased condom use with clients or nonpaying partners. CONCLUSION Consistency of condom use is not compromised when FSWs use available female-controlled nonbarrier modern contraception. IMPLICATIONS FSWs should be encouraged to use condoms consistently, whether or not other methods are used simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen A Yam
- Population Council, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 280, Washington, DC 20008, USA.
| | - Jerry Okal
- Population Council, General Accident House, Ralph Bunche Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Helgar Musyoki
- National AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection Control Programme, Ministry of Health, PO Box 19361-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nicholas Muraguri
- National AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection Control Programme, Ministry of Health, PO Box 19361-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Waimar Tun
- Population Council, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 280, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Meredith Sheehy
- Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Scott Geibel
- Population Council, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 280, Washington, DC 20008, USA
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Higgins JA, Smith NK, Sanders SA, Schick V, Herbenick D, Reece M, Dodge B, Fortenberry JD. Dual method use at last sexual encounter: a nationally representative, episode-level analysis of US men and women. Contraception 2014; 90:399-406. [PMID: 25023473 PMCID: PMC4155004 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Male condom use in conjunction with other contraceptives increases protection against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. However, few analyses contextualize dual method use within the sexual episode, include reports from men or explore gendered patterns in reporting. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed dual method use patterns using a nationally representative dataset of 18-44 years old in the US (N=404 men, 416 women). Respondents indicated contraceptive methods used at last penile-vaginal intercourse, condom practices and relationship and sexual information about that particular partner. RESULTS More than one-in-three penile-vaginal intercourse episodes (40%) involved male condom use: 28% condom only and 12% condom plus a highly effective method. Dual method reporting did not differ significantly by gender. Among dual method users, only 59% reported condom use during the entire intercourse episode, while 35% began intercourse without one and 6% removed the condom during intercourse. A greater proportion of men than women reported incorrect use of condoms (49% versus 35%), though this difference was not statistically significant. Only 50% of dual method users reported condom use in all of their last 10 intercourse episodes. CONCLUSIONS Many people classified as "dual users" in previous studies may not be using dual methods consistently or correctly. Researchers and practitioners should inquire how and how often condoms are used when assessing and addressing dual method use. Furthermore, though men have rarely been surveyed about dual method use, they can provide consistent contraceptive estimates and may be more likely to report condom practices such as late application or early removal. IMPLICATIONS STATEMENT Many US women and men reporting dual method use also reported late application and early removal of condoms, as well as multiple condom-less prior sexual acts with that partner. Clinicians may wish to inquire how and how often clients use condoms; they may also wish to provide condom instruction and/or tips on better integrating condoms into the sexual experience with one's partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A Higgins
- Gender & Women's Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Nicole K Smith
- Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Vanessa Schick
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debby Herbenick
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Michael Reece
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Dodge
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - J Dennis Fortenberry
- Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Mutowo J, Kasu CM, Mufunda E. Women empowerment and practices regarding use of dual protection among family planning clients in urban Zimbabwe. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 17:300. [PMID: 25328596 PMCID: PMC4198267 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.300.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gender related vulnerability may increase women's susceptibility to HIV infection and unintended pregnancy. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between women empowerment and practices regarding use of dual protection. METHODS A non-experimental descriptive correlational study design was conducted using systematic sampling method to recruit eighty women aged 18-49 years at an urban clinic in Zimbabwe. Data was collected using a structured interview schedule and was analysed and presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS A weak positive significant correlation existed between women empowerment and use of dual protection (r= .242, p=0.03). Findings demonstrated that as women empowerment levels increase practices regarding use of dual protection also increase. The coefficient of determination, R2=.0.058, b=0.293, indicated that the total amount of variation in utilization of dual protection explained by level of women empowerment was 5.8%. The major finding was that use of dual protection was very low (3.8%) and 67.5% had low levels of practices regarding use of dual protection. Additionally, 85.0% were not confident of using the female condom. CONCLUSION Gender inequality within sexual relations was associated with low levels of practices regarding use of dual protection. The study provided evidence for the need for a proactive integrated approach to empower women so that they could negotiate for safer sex practices. To increase female condom utilization, manufacturers need to redesign the female condom so that it becomes user friendly. Health personnel need to involve men for any health reproductive program to succeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesca Mutowo
- Department of Health Sciences, Zimbabwe Open University, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Esther Mufunda
- Department of Health Sciences, Zimbabwe Open University, Harare, Zimbabwe
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