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Helliwell MV, Zhang Y, El Harchi A, Dempsey CE, Hancox JC. Inhibition of the hERG Potassium Channel by a Methanesulphonate-Free E-4031 Analogue. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1204. [PMID: 37765012 PMCID: PMC10536391 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
hERG (human Ether-à-go-go Related Gene)-encoded potassium channels underlie the cardiac rapid delayed rectifier (IKr) potassium current, which is a major target for antiarrhythmic agents and diverse non-cardiac drugs linked to the drug-induced form of long QT syndrome. E-4031 is a high potency hERG channel inhibitor from the methanesulphonanilide drug family. This study utilized a methanesulphonate-lacking E-4031 analogue, "E-4031-17", to evaluate the role of the methanesulphonamide group in E-4031 inhibition of hERG. Whole-cell patch-clamp measurements of the hERG current (IhERG) were made at physiological temperature from HEK 293 cells expressing wild-type (WT) and mutant hERG constructs. For E-4031, WT IhERG was inhibited by a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 15.8 nM, whilst the comparable value for E-4031-17 was 40.3 nM. Both compounds exhibited voltage- and time-dependent inhibition, but they differed in their response to successive applications of a long (10 s) depolarisation protocol, consistent with greater dissociation of E-4031-17 than the parent compound between applied commands. Voltage-dependent inactivation was left-ward voltage shifted for E-4031 but not for E-4031-17; however, inhibition by both compounds was strongly reduced by attenuated-inactivation mutations. Mutations of S6 and S5 aromatic residues (F656V, Y652A, F557L) greatly attenuated actions of both drugs. The S624A mutation also reduced IhERG inhibition by both molecules. Overall, these results demonstrate that the lack of a methanesulphonate in E-4031-17 is not an impediment to high potency inhibition of IhERG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V. Helliwell
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (M.V.H.); (C.E.D.)
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (Y.Z.); (A.E.H.)
| | - Yihong Zhang
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (Y.Z.); (A.E.H.)
| | - Aziza El Harchi
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (Y.Z.); (A.E.H.)
| | - Christopher E. Dempsey
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (M.V.H.); (C.E.D.)
| | - Jules C. Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (Y.Z.); (A.E.H.)
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Kanade PP, Oyunbaatar NE, Lee DW. Polymer-Based Functional Cantilevers Integrated with Interdigitated Electrode Arrays-A Novel Platform for Cardiac Sensing. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:mi11040450. [PMID: 32344765 PMCID: PMC7231360 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart related ailments are some of the most common causes for death in the world, and some of the causes are cardiac toxicity due to drugs. Several platforms have been developed in this regard over the years that can measure electrical or mechanical behavior of cardiomyocytes. In this study, we have demonstrated a biomedical device that can simultaneously measure electrophysiology and contraction force of cardiomyocytes. This dual-function device is composed of a photosensitive polymer-based cantilever, with a pair of metal-based interdigitated electrodes on its surface, such that the cantilever can measure the contraction force of cardiomyocytes and the electrodes can measure the impedance between cells and substrate. The cantilever is patterned with microgrooves so that the cardiomyocytes can align to the cantilever in order to make a higher cantilever deflection in response to contraction force. Preliminary experimental results have identified the potential for use in the drug-induced cardiac toxicity tests, and further optimization is desirable to extend the technique to various bio-sensor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja P. Kanade
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju-61186, Korea
| | - Nomin-Erdene Oyunbaatar
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju-61186, Korea
| | - Dong-Weon Lee
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju-61186, Korea
- Center for Next Generation Sensor Research and Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju-61186, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Lemoine MD, Krause T, Koivumäki JT, Prondzynski M, Schulze ML, Girdauskas E, Willems S, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T, Christ T. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Engineered Heart Tissue as a Sensitive Test System for QT Prolongation and Arrhythmic Triggers. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2019; 11:e006035. [PMID: 29925535 DOI: 10.1161/circep.117.006035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac repolarization abnormalities in drug-induced and genetic long-QT syndrome may lead to afterdepolarizations and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) should help to overcome the limitations of animal models based on species differences in repolarization reserve. Here, we compared head-to-head the contribution of IKs (long QT1) and IKr (long QT2) on action potentials (APs) in human left ventricular (LV) tissue and hiPSC-CM-derived engineered heart tissue (EHT). METHODS APs were measured with sharp microelectrodes in EHT from 3 different control hiPSC-CM lines and in tissue preparations from failing LV. RESULTS EHT from hiPSC-CMs showed spontaneous diastolic depolarization and AP generation that were sensitive to low concentrations of ivabradine. IKr block by E-4031 prolonged AP duration at 90% repolarization with similar half-effective concentration in EHT and LV but larger effect size in EHT (+281 versus +110 ms in LV). Although IKr block alone evoked early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in 50% of EHTs, slow pacing, reduced extracellular K+, and blocking of IKr, IKs, and IK1 were necessary to induce early afterdepolarizations in LV. In accordance with their clinical safety, moxifloxacin and verapamil did not induce early afterdepolarizations in EHT. In both EHT and LV, IKs block by HMR-1556 prolonged AP duration at 90% repolarization slightly in the combined presence of E-4031 and isoprenaline. CONCLUSIONS EHT from hiPSC-CMs shows a lower repolarization reserve than human LV working myocardium and could thereby serve as a sensitive and specific human-based model for repolarization studies and arrhythmia, similar to Purkinje fibers. In both human LV and EHT, IKs only contributed to repolarization under adrenergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D Lemoine
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology (M.D.L., S.W.) .,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., A.H., T.E., T.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., S.W., A.H., T.E., T.C.)
| | - Tobias Krause
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., A.H., T.E., T.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., S.W., A.H., T.E., T.C.)
| | - Jussi T Koivumäki
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (J.T.K.).,BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland (J.T.K.)
| | - Maksymilian Prondzynski
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., A.H., T.E., T.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., S.W., A.H., T.E., T.C.)
| | - Mirja L Schulze
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., A.H., T.E., T.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., S.W., A.H., T.E., T.C.)
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (E.G.), University Heart Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Willems
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology (M.D.L., S.W.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., S.W., A.H., T.E., T.C.)
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., A.H., T.E., T.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., S.W., A.H., T.E., T.C.)
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., A.H., T.E., T.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., S.W., A.H., T.E., T.C.)
| | - Torsten Christ
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., A.H., T.E., T.C.) .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (M.D.L., T.K., M.P., M.L.S., S.W., A.H., T.E., T.C.)
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Goto A, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Hagiwara-Nagasawa M, Chiba K, Ando K, Naito AT, Sugiyama A. Analysis of torsadogenic and pharmacokinetic profile of E-4031 in dogs bridging the gap of information between in vitro proarrhythmia assay and clinical observation in human subjects. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 137:237-240. [PMID: 29980434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed torsadogenic and pharmacokinetic profile of E-4031 using chronic atrioventricular block dogs. E-4031 in intravenous doses of 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg over 10 min prolonged QT/QTc, and increased short-term variability of QT in a dose-related manner (n = 4), resulting in onset of torsade de pointes in 1 animal after the middle dose and 4 animals after the high dose, while it attained peak plasma concentrations of 16.5, 60.5 and 182.5 ng/mL at 10 min after their start of administration, respectively (n = 2). These results bridge the gap of information between in vitro proarrhythmia assay and clinical observation in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Goto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroko Izumi-Nakaseko
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Mihoko Hagiwara-Nagasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Koki Chiba
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ando
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko T Naito
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
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Matsukura S, Nakamura Y, Cao X, Wada T, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Ando K, Yamazaki H, Sugiyama A. Characterization of microminipigs as an in vivo experimental model for cardiac safety pharmacology. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 133:103-109. [PMID: 28245963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We pharmacologically characterized microminipigs as an in vivo experimental model by assessing cardiovascular effects of pilsicainide, verapamil and E-4031, which can preferentially inhibit cardiac Na+, Ca2+ and K+ channels, respectively. Intravenous infusion of 1 mg/kg of pilsicainide (n = 4), 0.1 mg/kg of verapamil (n = 4) and 0.01 followed by 0.1 mg/kg of E-4031 (n = 5) over 10 min decreased the heart rate, mean blood pressure and ventricular contractility. Moreover, pilsicainide prolonged the PR interval, QRS width and QTc; verapamil prolonged the PR interval, but shortened the QRS width and QTc; and E-4031 prolonged the QTc, whereas no substantial change was detected in the PR interval or QRS width. Peak plasma concentrations of pilsicainide, verapamil and E-4031 in microminipigs were 1.7-4.8 times higher than those expected in humans and dogs, possibly due to smaller effective volume of drug distribution. The extent of the drug-induced cardiovascular responses was generally greater in microminipigs than in humans and dogs, which could be explained by the following possibilities; namely unique pharmacokinetic profile, less great reflex-mediated increase of sympathetic tone and/or smaller repolarization reserve in microminipigs. These information may make it feasible to apply this new-type animal to a tool for assessing cardiac safety profiles of new chemical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Matsukura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroko Izumi-Nakaseko
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ando
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165, Higashi-Tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
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