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Munkongwongsiri N, Prachumwat A, Eamsaard W, Lertsiri K, Flegel TW, Stentiford GD, Sritunyalucksana K. Propionigenium and Vibrio species identified as possible component causes of shrimp white feces syndrome (WFS) associated with the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 192:107784. [PMID: 35659607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
White feces syndrome (WFS) in cultivated shrimp is characterized by white shrimp midguts (intestines) and white fecal strings that float as mats on pond surfaces. The etiology of WFS is complex, but one type called EHP-WFS is associated with the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). The hepatopancreas (HP), midgut and fecal strings of EHP-WFS shrimp exhibit massive quantities of EHP spores together with mixed, unidentified bacteria. In EHP-WFS ponds, some EHP-infected shrimp show white midguts (WG) and produce white feces while other EHP-infected shrimp in the same pond show grossly normal midguts (NG) and produce no white feces. We hypothesized that comparison of the microbial flora between WG and NG shrimp would reveal probable combinations of microbes significantly associated with EHP-WFS. To test this, we selected a Penaeus vannamei cultivation pond exhibiting severe WFS and used microscopic and microbial profiling analyses to compare WG and NG samples. Histologically, EHP was confirmed in the HP and midgut of both WG and NG shrimp, but EHP burdens were higher and EHP tissue damage was more severe in WG shrimp. Further, intestinal microbiomes in WG shrimp were less diverse and had higher abundance of bacteria from the genera Vibrio and Propionigenium. Propionigenium burden in the HP of WG shrimp (9364 copies/100ng DNA) was significantly higher (P = 1.1 x 10-5) than in NG shrimp (12 copies/100ng DNA). These findings supported our hypothesis by revealing two candidate bacterial genera that should be tested in combination with EHP as potential component causes of EHP-WFS in P. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthinee Munkongwongsiri
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400
| | - Anuphap Prachumwat
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400.
| | - Wiraya Eamsaard
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400
| | - Kanokwan Lertsiri
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400
| | - Timothy W Flegel
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400
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