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Gong Q, Li Q, Shen X, Xu Z. ERH Impacts Patient Prognosis and Tumor Immune Microenvironment: A Pan-Cancer Analysis. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:CCHTS-EPUB-139576. [PMID: 38584561 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073295696240322084341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) has been shown to play significant roles in tumorigenesis and progression. However, few systematic pan-cancer analyses about ERH have been described. METHODS From the tumor immune estimation resource web server2.0 (TIMER2.0), the Genotype-Tissue Expression database (GTEx) and the Gene Expression Profile Interactive Analysis version 2 (GEPIA2) databases, we explored the expression profiles and prognostic significance of ERH in 33 cancers. The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases were further used to examine the differential expression of ERH at the protein level. The genetic alteration profile was obtained from the cBioPortal. The correlation between ERH expression and the quantities of immune infiltrating cells was examined by the TIMER tool. Spearman's correlation test was conducted to analyze the association between ERH expression status and a number of prognostic indicators, including immune checkpoints, TMB, MSI, immune neoantigen, MMR genes, and DNA methyltransferases. ProteinProtein Interaction analyses were performed in the String and GeneMANIA databases, and enrichment analysis and predicted signaling pathways were identified through GO and KEGG. To make our results convincing, we validated them in six datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In addition, we verified the expression of ERH between gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues by RT-qPCR. RESULTS ERH expression was elevated in numerous tumors, and it was not associated with the patient's prognosis. Furthermore, the quantities of immune infiltrating cells and immune checkpoint genes were remarkably associated with ERH. TMB and MSI were related to ERH expression in 14 and 15 cancer types, respectively. Moreover, the expression of ERH was strongly associated with MMR defects in multiple cancer types, and almost all tumors showed coexpression of ERH and four DNA methyltransferases. The results of GO and KEGG analysis confirmed that ERH potentially impacts several important signaling pathways. Both the GEO datasets and the RT-qPCR experiment validated our previous analysis. CONCLUSION Our pan-cancer analysis demonstrated the characterization of ERH in multiple tumors. ERH may be a valuable novel biological indicator for assessing immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis in various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Tsai YM, Wu KL, Huang YC, Wu YY, Chang CY, Chang YY, Chiang HH, Liu LX, Hung JY. Upregulated enhancer of rudimentary homolog promotes epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and cancer cell migration in lung adenocarcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:9. [PMID: 37997813 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the deadliest cancers regarding both mortality rate and number of deaths and warrants greater effort in the development of potential therapeutic targets. The enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) has been implicated in the promotion and progression of certain types of cancer. In the present study, ERH was assessed for its expression pattern and survival association with LUAD in public transcriptomic and proteomic databases. Bioinformatic methods and data from websites, including University of Alabama at Birmingham CANcer data analysis Portal and The Cancer Genome Atlas, were utilized to demonstrate the functional behaviors and corresponding pathways of ERH in LUAD. Human A549 and CL1‑0 cell lines were used to validate the findings via functional assays. It was demonstrated that the expression of ERH, at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels, was higher in LUAD compared with in adjacent non‑tumor lung tissue and was associated with worse survival prognosis. Moreover, high ERH expression was correlated with more aggressive functional states, such as cell cycle and invasion in LUAD, and the positive ERH‑correlated gene set was associated with worse survival and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G was identified as a molecule that potentially interacted with ERH. Lastly, it was demonstrated that ERH promoted epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and cell migration in vitro, but not proliferation. In conclusion, higher expression of ERH in LUAD may facilitate cancer progression and confer worse outcomes. Further deep investigation into the role of ERH in LUAD is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ming Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuan-Li Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Chi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Yuan Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Yun Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Hsing Chiang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lian-Xiu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Yu Hung
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Bonneau F, Basquin J, Steigenberger B, Schäfer T, Schäfer IB, Conti E. Nuclear mRNPs are compact particles packaged with a network of proteins promoting RNA-RNA interactions. Genes Dev 2023:gad.350630.123. [PMID: 37399331 PMCID: PMC10393194 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350630.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are at the center of the central dogma of molecular biology. In eukaryotic cells, these long ribonucleic acid polymers do not exist as naked transcripts; rather, they associate with mRNA-binding proteins to form messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes. Recently, global proteomic and transcriptomic studies have provided comprehensive inventories of mRNP components. However, knowledge of the molecular features of distinct mRNP populations has remained elusive. We purified endogenous nuclear mRNPs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by harnessing the mRNP biogenesis factors THO and Sub2 in biochemical procedures optimized to preserve the integrity of these transient ribonucleoprotein assemblies. We found that these mRNPs are compact particles that contain multiple copies of Yra1, an essential protein with RNA-annealing properties. To investigate their molecular and architectural organization, we used a combination of proteomics, RNA sequencing, cryo-electron microscopy, cross-linking mass spectrometry, structural models, and biochemical assays. Our findings indicate that yeast nuclear mRNPs are packaged around an intricate network of interconnected proteins capable of promoting RNA-RNA interactions via their positively charged intrinsically disordered regions. The evolutionary conservation of the major mRNA-packaging factor (yeast Yra1 and Aly/REF in metazoans) points toward a general paradigm governing nuclear mRNP packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Bonneau
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried/Munich D-82152, Germany
| | - Jérôme Basquin
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried/Munich D-82152, Germany
| | - Barbara Steigenberger
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried/Munich D-82152, Germany
| | - Tillman Schäfer
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried/Munich D-82152, Germany
| | - Ingmar B Schäfer
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried/Munich D-82152, Germany
| | - Elena Conti
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried/Munich D-82152, Germany;
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Sanchez-Briñas A, Duran-Ruiz C, Astola A, Arroyo MM, Raposo FG, Valle A, Bolivar J. ZNF330/NOA36 interacts with HSPA1 and HSPA8 and modulates cell cycle and proliferation in response to heat shock in HEK293 cells. Biol Direct 2023; 18:26. [PMID: 37254218 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human genome contains nearly 20.000 protein-coding genes, but there are still more than 6,000 proteins poorly characterized. Among them, ZNF330/NOA36 stand out because it is a highly evolutionarily conserved nucleolar zinc-finger protein found in the genome of ancient animal phyla like sponges or cnidarians, up to humans. Firstly described as a human autoantigen, NOA36 is expressed in all tissues and human cell lines, and it has been related to apoptosis in human cells as well as in muscle morphogenesis and hematopoiesis in Drosophila. Nevertheless, further research is required to better understand the roles of this highly conserved protein. RESULTS Here, we have investigated possible interactors of human ZNF330/NOA36 through affinity-purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS). Among them, NOA36 interaction with HSPA1 and HSPA8 heat shock proteins was disclosed and further validated by co-immunoprecipitation. Also, "Enhancer of Rudimentary Homolog" (ERH), a protein involved in cell cycle regulation, was detected in the AP-MS approach. Furthermore, we developed a NOA36 knockout cell line using CRISPR/Cas9n in HEK293, and we found that the cell cycle profile was modified, and proliferation decreased after heat shock in the knocked-out cells. These differences were not due to a different expression of the HSPs genes detected in the AP-MS after inducing stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that NOA36 is necessary for proliferation recovery in response to thermal stress to achieve a regular cell cycle profile, likely by interaction with HSPA1 and HSPA8. Further studies would be required to disclose the relevance of NOA36-EHR interaction in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Sanchez-Briñas
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Carmen Duran-Ruiz
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, 11510, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Astola
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, 11510, Spain
- Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Marta Marina Arroyo
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Fátima G Raposo
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Antonio Valle
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, 11510, Spain
- Institute of Viticulture and Agri-Food Research (IVAGRO) - International Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Jorge Bolivar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, 11510, Spain.
- Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.
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Ma S, Pang S, Li J, Zhang Y. A review of efflorescence kinetics studies on atmospherically relevant particles. Chemosphere 2021; 277:130320. [PMID: 33773310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The efflorescence transitions of aerosol particles have been intensively investigated due to their critical impacts on global climate and atmospheric chemistry. In the present study, we present a critical review of efflorescence kinetics focusing on three key issues: the efflorescence relative humidity (ERH) and the influence factors for aerosol ERH (e.g. particle sizes, and temperature); efflorescence processes of mixed aerosols, concerning the effect of coexisting inorganic and organic components on the efflorescence of inorganic salts; homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation rates of pure and mixed aerosols. Among the previous studies, there are significant discrepancies for measured aerosol ERH under even the same conditions. Moreover, the interactions between organic and inorganic components remain largely unclear, causing efflorescence transition behaviours and chemical composition evolutions of certain mixed systems to be debatable. Thus, it is important to better understand efflorescence to gain insights into the physicochemical properties and characterize observed efflorescence characteristics of atmospheric particles, as well as guide further studies on aerosol hygroscopicity and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Ma
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufeng Pang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Hutter K, Lohmüller M, Jukic A, Eichin F, Avci S, Labi V, Szabo TG, Hoser SM, Hüttenhofer A, Villunger A, Herzog S. SAFB2 Enables the Processing of Suboptimal Stem-Loop Structures in Clustered Primary miRNA Transcripts. Mol Cell 2020; 78:876-889.e6. [PMID: 32502422 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many microRNAs (miRNAs) are generated from primary transcripts containing multiple clustered stem-loop structures that are thought to be recognized and cleaved by the Microprocessor complex as independent units. Here, we uncover an unexpected mode of processing of the bicistronic miR-15a-16-1 cluster. We find that the primary miR-15a stem-loop is not processed on its own but that the presence of the neighboring primary miR-16-1 stem-loop on the same transcript can compensate for this deficiency in cis. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 screen, we identify SAFB2 (scaffold attachment factor B2) as an essential co-factor in this miR-16-1-assisted pri-miR-15 cleavage and describe SAFB2 as an accessory protein of the Microprocessor. Notably, SAFB2-mediated cleavage expands to other clustered pri-miRNAs, indicating a general mechanism. Together, our study reveals an unrecognized function of SAFB2 in miRNA processing and suggests a scenario in which SAFB2 enables the binding and processing of suboptimal Microprocessor substrates in clustered primary miRNA transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hutter
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Lohmüller
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Almina Jukic
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Eichin
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Seymen Avci
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Labi
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tamas G Szabo
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon M Hoser
- Institute for Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Hüttenhofer
- Institute for Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Herzog
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Fang W, Bartel DP. MicroRNA Clustering Assists Processing of Suboptimal MicroRNA Hairpins through the Action of the ERH Protein. Mol Cell 2020; 78:289-302.e6. [PMID: 32302541 PMCID: PMC7243034 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microprocessor initiates the processing of microRNAs (miRNAs) from the hairpin regions of primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs). Pri-miRNAs often contain multiple miRNA hairpins, and this clustered arrangement can assist in the processing of otherwise defective hairpins. We find that miR-451, which derives from a hairpin with a suboptimal terminal loop and a suboptimal stem length, accumulates to 40-fold higher levels when clustered with a helper hairpin. This phenomenon tolerates changes in hairpin order, linker lengths, and the identities of the helper hairpin, the recipient hairpin, the linker-sequence, and the RNA polymerase that transcribes the hairpins. It can act reciprocally and need not occur co-transcriptionally. It requires Microprocessor recognition of the helper hairpin and linkage of the two hairpins, yet predominantly manifests after helper-hairpin processing. It also requires enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH), which copurifies with Microprocessor and can dimerize and interact with other proteins that can dimerize, suggesting a model in which one Microprocessor recruits another Microprocessor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Fang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David P Bartel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Shanker N, Maneesh Kumar M, Juvvi P, Debnath S. Moisture sorption characteristics of ready-to-eat snack food enriched with purslane leaves. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:1918-1926. [PMID: 30996427 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Green leafy vegetables are important part of our regular diet that provides us with essential nutrients necessary to support human life and health. Since these are produced in surplus and have limited shelf-life, preservation of vegetables can help to prevent wastage and increase nutrient availability in the diet during off-season. Purslane leaves, rich in micronutrients were dried using tray dryer at 60 ± 2 °C for 7 h. and incorporated at 20% level in khakhra. Organoleptic and physico-chemical properties of the product were evaluated. Further, the sorption properties of khakhra, were studied at 27 ± 2 °C over a range of water activity of 0.10-0.92. Several models were chosen to fit sorption behavior, but the Peleg model showed the best fit. The present study in fact provides a platform to understand the rationalities behind the physico-chemical changes in the product, which, in turn, helps in predicting the best suitable packaging material for storage in addition to the stability of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Shanker
- 1Department of Technology Scale-Up, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - Mediboyina Maneesh Kumar
- 2Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - Praneeth Juvvi
- 1Department of Technology Scale-Up, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - Sukumar Debnath
- 1Department of Technology Scale-Up, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
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Pallavi BV, Chetana R, Ravi R, Reddy SY. Moisture sorption curves of fruit and nut cereal bar prepared with sugar and sugar substitutes. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:1663-9. [PMID: 25745238 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Low sugar, low fat, dry fruit and nut cereal bars without sugar were prepared using cereals, nuts, and sugar substitutes. The sorption characteristics of the bars prepared with sugar substitutes in comparison with that of sugar were studied by keeping the bars at water activity (aw) from 0.1 to 0.9. The sorption isotherms of low sugar bars were practically identical below aw of 0.5 but above aw of 0.5, a clear differentiation in the isotherms could be observed compared to that of sugar counterpart. A sharp increase in moisture content was observed in the bars prepared with alternative sweeteners, above aw 0.6, whereas a gradual increase in aw was observed in the case of bar prepared with sugar. The ERH (Equilibrium relative humidity) value for bar with sugar was 50 %, and for bars prepared with alternative sweeteners, it was about 60 %. Low sugar cereal bar prepared with sorbitol + maltitol (SM) syrup scored higher sensory quality compared to other product prepared with sorbitol + nutriose (SN) as the former retained softness and chewiness on storage. Thus, it was observed that bars with alternative sweeteners will be more stable as their ERH is closer to normal ambient conditions compared to that prepared with sugar.
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Martyniuk CJ, Houlahan J. Assessing gene network stability and individual variability in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) transcriptome. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2013; 8:283-91. [PMID: 24036207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomics is increasingly used to assess biological responses to environmental stimuli and stressors such as aquatic pollutants. However, fundamental studies characterizing individual variability in mRNA levels are lacking, which currently limits the use of transcriptomics in environmental monitoring assessments. To address individual variability in transcript abundance, we performed a meta-analysis on 231 microarrays that were conducted in the fathead minnow (FHM), a widely used toxicological model. The mean variability for gene probes was ranked from most to least variable based upon the coefficient of variation. Transcripts that were the most variable in individual tissues included NADH dehydrogenase flavoprotein 1, GTPase IMAP family member 7-like and v-set domain-containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1-like while genes encoding ribosomal proteins (rpl24 and rpl36), basic transcription factor 3, and nascent polypeptide-associated complex alpha subunit were the least variable in individuals across a range of microarray experiments. Gene networks that showed high variability (based upon the variation in expression of individual members within the network) included cell proliferation, metabolism (steroid, lipids, and glucose), cell adhesion, vascularization, and regeneration while those that showed low variability (more stability) included mRNA and rRNA processing, regulation of translational fidelity, RNA splicing, and ribosome biogenesis. Real-time PCR was conducted on a subset of genes for comparison of variability collected from the microarrays. There was a significant positive relationship between the two methods when measuring individual variability, suggesting that variability detected in microarray data can be used to guide decisions on sample sizes for measuring transcripts in real-time PCR experiments. A power analysis revealed that measuring estrogen receptor ba (esrba) requires fewer biological replicates than that of estrogen receptor bb (esrbb) in the gonad and samples sizes required to detect a 50% change for reproductive-related transcripts is between 12 and 20. Characterizing individual variability at the molecular level will prove necessary as efforts are made toward integrating molecular tools into environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Martyniuk
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada.
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