1
|
Soares A, Bourlon MT, Wong A, Joshi A, Jardim D, Korbenfeld E, Karak FE, Orlandi F, Sze H, Ansari J, Zarba J, Mansour MA, Manneh R, Thirumulai R, Tsai YC, Morsi WA, Powles T. Management of Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma in Emerging Markets (EM): An Expert Opinion. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:467-475. [PMID: 38228413 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the 10th most common cancer globally with an almost 4 times higher prevalence in men. The main risk factors for development of urothelial carcinoma are advanced age, smoking, arsenic contamination, exposure to carcinogens. Metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) has overall poor prognosis with a 5-year overall survival rate of only < 5%. The standard of care comprises of platinum-based chemotherapy, but the responses are often not sustained. A working group was established with an objective to discuss the most recent clinical data on the genitourinary tumors of interest and comprised of experts across Latin America, Emerging Asia (except China, Japan, and South Korea), Africa, and the Middle East (known as Emerging Markets or EM). There is an evident disparity in terms of uneven mortality and incidence rate distribution among various regions. There is a lack and/or insufficient data on epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes in the EM. The lack of registries impacts the healthcare decisions and the lower incidence from the region might not be reflective of the true disease burden. The treatment outcomes of mUC can be improved by understanding the current disease burden and treatment approach of mUC and identifying the gaps and challenges associated with management. Hence, a literature review was developed to summarize the current disease burden and treatment approach of mUC across EM. The review also highlights the unmet needs for mUC management in EM and suggests a way forward to improve the current situation in order to better serve the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Soares
- Oncology and Hematology Center of Hospital Albert Einstein, Hospital Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria T Bourlon
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alvin Wong
- Sr Consultant, Department of Haematology Oncology National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - Amit Joshi
- Professor, Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, HBNI, Mumbai, India
| | - Denis Jardim
- Oncology Department, Oncoclínicas Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Korbenfeld
- Head of GU Tumors Unit, GU Tumors Unit, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fadi El Karak
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Service, University Medical Center Hôtel-Dieu De France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Henry Sze
- Specialist in Clinical Oncology, Heal Oncology Centre, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jawaher Ansari
- Chief of Medical Oncology, Medical Oncology, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jose Zarba
- Medical Oncologist, Centro Médico San Roque, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mubarak Al Mansour
- Adult Medical Oncology, Princess Noorah Oncology Center, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ray Manneh
- edical Oncology, Sociedad de Oncología y Hematología del Cesar, Valledupar, Colombia
| | - Raja Thirumulai
- Senior Consultant, Medical Oncology, Apollo Specialty Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Yu-Chieh Tsai
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Waleed Al Morsi
- GU & BSM Sr. Director Scientific Expert, Oncology Medical Affairs, Emerging Markets, Pfizer Ltd., Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas Powles
- Director of Barts Cancer Center, Professor of Urology Cancer, Barts Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hassan SS, Egbetokun A, Bzhalava L. "Frenemies" of innovation: understanding the role of coopetition in service innovation in emerging markets. Open Res Eur 2022; 2:25. [PMID: 37645343 PMCID: PMC10446029 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14472.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Coopetition is considered an important strategy for innovation. However, the literature provides limited evidence on how coopetition relates to innovation in service sector, particularly in emerging markets. Moreover, little is known about the effects of the formal and informal aspects of coopetition on innovation and how absorptive capacity of firm may influence this relationship. Against this background, using the official national innovation surveys of Nigeria (2008 and 2011), this study contributes to the ongoing debate by empirically examining the innovation endeavors of 421 Nigerian SMEs. The study employs logistic regression methods to model and explore the relationships between coopetition and innovation in the sample. The results show that that formal coopetition hinders innovation while informal coopetition supports it and absorptive capacity moderates these relationships. The study provides important insights about the concept of coopetition in emerging markets, especially vis-à-vis their institutional idiosyncrasies. Finally, the study highlights its implications and suggests some avenues for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib S. Hassan
- BMBF-KontiKat, Faculty III, University of Siegen, Siegen, NRW, 57072, Germany
| | - Abiodun Egbetokun
- National Centre for Technology Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria
| | - Levan Bzhalava
- Finland Futures Research Centre, Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Popkova E, DeLo P, Sergi BS. Corporate Social Responsibility Amid Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Crisis: BRICS vs. OECD Countries. Res Int Bus Finance 2021; 55:101315. [PMID: 34173410 PMCID: PMC7434437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper compares today's corporate management in developing markets (BRICS countries) vs. developed markets (the OECD countries). The influence of determining a new social corporate management season considering social distancing amid the COVID-19 pandemic on emerging markets' economic growth is ascertained and set apart from corporate management in developing markets. This paper helps clarifying and better understanding the role of corporate social responsibility in the conditions of an economic crisis against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic. This work provides scientific arguments that allow solving critical discussions regarding the advantages (growth of quality of life, an increase of business's competitiveness) and costs (limitation of economic growth, non-commercial use of profit, and increased price for goods and services) of domestic production and consumption. In the long-term, responsible financial practices return all investments and allow countries to better cope with a crisis. The research supplies a new view of corporate social responsibility as a measure of crisis management. It reflects its advantages at a time of social distancing in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The institutionalization of corporate social responsibility in emerging countries is not predetermined by internal factors (approach to doing business or organizational culture), if not by external factors (market status, state regulation, and consumer awareness). These circumstances prove the high complexity of strengthening corporate social responsibility in developing countries. In the conditions of social distancing - due to the COVID-19 pandemic - corporate social responsibility goes to a new level. In both developing and developed countries, one of the most widespread manifestations of corporate social responsibility is the entrepreneurship's transition to the remote form of activities. This envisages the provision of remote employment for workers and the online purchase of goods and services for consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Popkova
- Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), Moscow, Russia
| | - Piper DeLo
- American University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Bruno S Sergi
- Harvard University, USA and University of Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Today epidemics of infectious diseases occur more often and spread both faster and further due to globalization and changes in our lifestyle. One way to meet these biological threats are so-called "Frugal Innovations", which focus on the development of affordable, rapid, and easy-to-use diagnostics with widespread use. In this context, point-of-care-tests (POCTs), performed at the patient's bedside, reduce extensive waiting times and unnecessary treatments and enable effective containment measures. This Perspective covers advances in POCT diagnostics on the basis of frugal innovation characteristics that will enable a faster, less expensive, and more convenient reaction to upcoming epidemics. Established POCT systems on the health care market, as well as currently evolving technological advancements in that sector are discussed. Progress in POCT technology and insights on how to most effectively use them allows the handling of more patients in a shorter time frame and consequently improves clinical outcomes at lower cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Miesler
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christine Wimschneider
- Chair of Technology Management, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Alexander Brem
- Institute of Entrepreneurship & Innovation, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 19, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 1, 6400 Sonderborg, Denmark
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vargas Bustamante A, V Shimoga S. Comparing the Income Elasticity of Health Spending in Middle-Income and High-Income Countries: The Role of Financial Protection. Int J Health Policy Manag 2018. [PMID: 29524954 PMCID: PMC5890070 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As middle-income countries become more affluent, economically sophisticated and productive, health expenditure patterns are likely to change. Other socio-demographic and political changes that accompany rapid economic growth are also likely to influence health spending and financial protection. METHODS This study investigates the relationship between growth on per-capita healthcare expenditure and gross domestic product (GDP) in a group of 27 large middle-income economies and compares findings with those of 24 high-income economies from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) group. This comparison uses national accounts data from 1995-2014. We hypothesize that the aggregated income elasticity of health expenditure in middle-income countries would be less than one (meaning healthcare is a normal good). An initial exploratory analysis tests between fixed-effects and random-effects model specifications. A fixed-effects model with time-fixed effects is implemented to assess the relationship between the two measures. Unit root, Hausman and serial correlation tests are conducted to determine model fit. Additional explanatory variables are introduced in different model specifications to test the robustness of our regression results. We include the out-of-pocket (OOP) share of health spending in each model to study the potential role of financial protection in our sample of high- and middle-income countries. The first-difference of study variables is implemented to address non-stationarity and cointegration properties. RESULTS The elasticity of per-capita health expenditure and GDP growth is positive and statistically significant among sampled middle-income countries (51 per unit-growth in GDP) and high-income countries (50 per unit-growth in GDP). In contrast with previous research that has found that income elasticity of health spending in middle-income countries is larger than in high-income countries, our findings show that elasticity estimates can change if different criteria are used to assemble a more homogenous group of middle-income countries. Financial protection differences between middle- and high-income countries, however, are not associated with their respective income elasticity of health spending. CONCLUSION The study findings show that in spite of the rapid economic growth experienced by the sampled middleincome countries, the aggregated income elasticity of health expenditure in them is less than one, and equals that of high-income countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Vargas Bustamante
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandhya V Shimoga
- Department of Health Care Administration, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Emerging markets represent an exceptional opportunity for the pharmaceutical industry. Although a precise definition is not yet available, economists define emerging markets as developing prosperous countries in which investment is expected to result in higher income despite high risks. Qualifying a market as emerging is not merely based on the economic status of the country, but also on several criteria that render the definition applicable to each country. Jim O’Neil, retired chairman of asset management at Goldman Sachs, identified leading economies of emerging markets: Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) and later Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) and then Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, and Turkey (MIST), which followed years later as the second tier of nations. Sales of the pharmaceutical markets in BRICS and MIST countries doubled in 5 years, reaching a market share of approximately 20%. The shift toward these new markets has been attributed to the large populations, growing prosperity, and increasing life expectancy in BRICS and MIST countries. In addition, companies are experiencing flattened growth of developed markets, expiration of patents leading to the up-selling of less expensive generic drugs, and tight regulations enforced in mature markets. Particular attention must therefore be given to these emerging markets. The strategies adopted by pharmaceutical companies that want to expand in these markets must be tailored to the pace of development of each country. These countries need drugs against infectious diseases and communicable diseases such as sexually transmitted diseases. They are readily exploitable territories for the innovative products of pharmaceuticals. Nevertheless, with the increase in wealth and longevity, a change of lifestyle is occurring. These changes accompany a shift in disease patterns. A disproportionally fast rise in the incidence of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, and oncologic diseases has been observed in emerging markets, mimicking their Western counterparts. The incidence of diabetes and oncologic diseases is expected to grow by 20% or more by 2030. This shows that pharmaceutical industries will also be able to market their global products in these new countries. Conquering emerging markets can be challenging for industries. These challenges can be grouped into 3 categories: infrastructure development, cost-containment policies, and value-driven drug evaluation. Top strategies considered to overcome these challenges include adequate tailoring and a gain in market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Tannoury
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Science and Technology, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zouhair Attieh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Science and Technology, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Goren A, Mould-Quevedo J, daCosta DiBonaventura M. Prevalence of pain reporting and associated health outcomes across emerging markets and developed countries. Pain Med 2014; 15:1880-91. [PMID: 25220263 DOI: 10.1111/pme.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study represents the first broad, multi-country, population-based survey of pain, assessing the association between pain and health outcomes, plus comparing the burden of pain across emerging and developed countries. DESIGN Data from the 2011/2012 National Health and Wellness Surveys were used. Respondents reporting pain (neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, back pain, surgery pain, and/or arthritis pain) vs no pain in emerging (Brazil, China, Russia) vs developed (European Union, Japan, United States) countries were compared on sociodemographic characteristics and measures of quality of life (SF-12v2 and SF-36v2), work productivity and activity impairment, and health care resource use. SUBJECTS Respondents included 128,821 without pain and 29,848 with pain in developed countries, and 37,244 without pain and 4,789 with pain in emerging countries. RESULTS Pain reporting and treatment rates were lower in China (6.2% and 28.3%, respectively) and Japan (4.4% and 26.3%, respectively) than in other countries (≥ 14.3% and 35.8%, respectively). Significant impairments in quality of life, productivity, and resource use were associated with pain across all health outcomes in both developed and emerging countries, with some productivity and physical health status impairments greater with pain in developed countries, whereas mental health status impairment and resource use were greater with pain in emerging countries. CONCLUSIONS Pain was associated with burden across all study outcomes in all regions. Yet, differences emerged in the degree of impairment, pain reporting, diagnosis, treatment rates, and characteristics of patients between emerging and developed nations, thus helping guide a broader understanding of this highly prevalent condition globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Goren
- Health Outcomes Practice, Kantar Health, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wileman H, Mishra A. Drug lag and key regulatory barriers in the emerging markets. Perspect Clin Res 2010; 1:51-6. [PMID: 21829782 PMCID: PMC3148610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been numerous investigations targeted at identifying whether a drug lag exists in the mature markets of the US, EU and Japan. This work focuses on the emerging markets because of the potential they hold for the future of the pharmaceutical industry as a consequence of rapid economic and political development.The aims of this work are to ascertain whether a drug lag exists in the emerging markets and how it has changed over time from the 1960s to the 2000s. It will also highlight key regulatory barriers which may contribute to drug lag.The date of the marketing authorisation (MA) approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was used as a reference point. A comparison against the company database regarding emerging market specific approval enabled the difference in time and thus the drug lag for that particular market to be calculated.This work concludes that the overall relative drug lag in the emerging markets has decreased over time and that there are seven key regulatory barriers which need to be targeted in order to make further improvements; 'Western Approval', local clinical development (LCD), Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product (CPP), Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), pricing approval, document authentication and harmonisation.
Collapse
|