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Zhang Z, Liu H, Li Y, Ye Y, Tian J, Li J, Xu Y, Lv J. Research and optimization of hydrogen addition and EGR on the combustion, performance, and emission of the biodiesel-hydrogen dual-fuel engine with different loads based on the RSM. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23389. [PMID: 38173521 PMCID: PMC10761585 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pollutants produced by engines are a significant source of environmental pollution, so the study of engine emissions is very important. In this study, with CONVERGE software, a diesel engine model of the engine was produced. To better obtain the characteristic results of the engine, this was coupled with an improved chemical kinetics mechanism. Then, the results of this model were verified experimentally. Additionally, the effects of four different EGR rates on the combustion, performance, and emissions of a dual-fuel diesel engine were investigated by the verified model under different (50 %, 75 %, and 100 %) load conditions. Lastly, the brake specific fuel consumption, NOx emission, and HC emission were optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM). The results show that the pressure, temperature, and NOx emission in the engine's cylinder can all be reduced by raising the EGR at three different loads. Besides, the optimization results show that the engine achieves the best operating conditions at 100 % load, hydrogen fraction of 6.92 %, and EGR rate of 7.68 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhang
- Guangxi Earthmoving Machinery Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
- Center for Applied Mathematics of Guangxi, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guangxi Earthmoving Machinery Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
- Center for Applied Mathematics of Guangxi, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Youchang Li
- Center for Applied Mathematics of Guangxi, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Yanshuai Ye
- Guangxi Earthmoving Machinery Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Guangxi Earthmoving Machinery Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Guangxi Earthmoving Machinery Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Yuejiang Xu
- Guangxi Earthmoving Machinery Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Junshuai Lv
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
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2
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Aslan V. Fuel characterization, engine performance characteristics and emissions analysis of different mustard seed biodiesel: An overview. J Biotechnol 2023; 370:12-30. [PMID: 37211219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The current new technology in the automotive sector depends on the primary energy source because the power source is from the secondary energy source. Besides, the interest in biofuels is increasing due to the weaknesses of fossil fuels that have been voiced for years. The feedstock is important in biodiesel production and its use in the engine. Mustard oil is non-edible, high mono-unsaturated fatty acid value, conveniences in cultivation conditions, and worldwide use that offer significant advantages to biodiesel producers. The presence of erucic acid, which forms the basis of mustard biodiesel, makes itself felt in the prevention of the fuel-food debate, its effect on biodiesel fuel properties, and its relationship to engine performance and exhaust emissions. Along with the minuses of mustard biodiesel in kinematic viscosity and oxidation ability, the problems experienced in engine performance and exhaust emissions compared to diesel fuel offer new studies to policymakers, industrialists and researchers. Accordingly, this review focuses on the recent finding in fuel properties, engine performance and emission characteristic of mustard seed biodiesel as well as its types, geographical distribution, and biodiesel production. It can be stated that this study will be an important supplementary reference to the above-mentioned groups. AVAILABILITY OF DATA: The data used and/or analyzed throughout the present study are available from the authors on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Aslan
- Yozgat Bozok University Engineering Faculty Mechanical Engineering Department, Yozgat, 66200, Turkey.
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3
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Ying Y, Xu L, Lin X, Zhang H, Li X, Lu S, Cao Y, Long J. Influence of different kinds of incinerators on PCDD/Fs: a case study of emission and formation pathway. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:5903-5916. [PMID: 35982393 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Few studies focused on the emission of polychlorinated-ρ-dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) from different kinds of waste incinerators. This study was conducted in a full-scale MSW incineration plant to investigate the influence of different incinerator types on PCDD/F. Experimental results indicated that the 2,3,7,8-PCDD/F concentration in the inlet gas of the air pollution control system (APCS) in the studied fluidized bed was higher (2.03 ng I-TEQ/Nm3) than that of the grate (0.77 ng I-TEQ/Nm3). But gas in the outlet of APCS from both incinerators had an approximate concentration, lower than the Chinese emission limit of 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3. Similar distribution patterns were observed for 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs, as well as 136 PCDD/F congeners. Specifically, OCDD and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD were major isomer constituents for 2,3,7,8-PCDD/F isomers. In terms of formation pathways, a similar formation mechanism was observed based on fingerprint characteristics of 136 PCDD/F congeners. De novo synthesis was the dominating formation pathway for both incinerators. Meanwhile, DD/DF chlorination was another contributor to PCDD/F formation, which in the fluidized bed was higher. In addition, little correlation (0.009 < R2 < 0.533) between conventional pollutants (HCl, CO, PM) and PCDD/Fs was found, suggesting little high-temperature synthesis observed and verifying the dominance of de novo synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin Ecology and Environment Bureau, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Shanghai SUS Environment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201703, China
| | - Jisheng Long
- Shanghai SUS Environment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201703, China
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4
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Wu B, Wang W, Yao Z, Xuan K, Wu Z, Shen X, Li X, Zhang H, Xue Y, Cao X, Hao X, Zhou Q. Multi-pollutant emission characteristics of non-road construction equipment based on real-world measurement. Sci Total Environ 2022; 853:158601. [PMID: 36087679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-road construction equipment (NRCE) has become a crucial contributor to urban air pollution. However, the current research on NRCE is still in its infancy, and the understanding of its pollutant emissions is not yet clear. In this study, multi-pollutant (CO, HC, NOx, PM2.5, and BC) and CO2 emissions from 12 excavators and 9 loaders under real-world conditions are investigated by using a synchronous platform based on portable emission measurement system (SP-PEMS). We find the instantaneous emission rates of multi-pollutant present significant variability under different operation modes, and pollutant emissions are significantly high under cold start. Generally, multi-pollutant emission factors (EFs) have been all effectively reduced with the tightening of emission standards except for CO and NOx. The BC and PM2.5 emissions are significantly affected by engine types, and those emitted by electronically-controlled fuel injection (EI) engines are at lower concentration levels compared with mechanical fuel injection (MI) engines. The mass ratios of BC/PM2.5 for EI engines are 2.05 times that for MI engines on average. Through comparison, we find the multi-pollutant EFs of NRCE reported by different studies and the Guide vary greatly, and those recommended by the Guide may be overestimated or underestimated to varying degrees. Finally, we recommend the multi-pollutant EFs of NRCE under different emission standards by combining the results of various studies, and which will provide scientific support for the accurately establish of emission inventory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Kaijie Xuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zichun Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xianbao Shen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yifeng Xue
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xuewei Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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5
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Wang J, Li X, Wang B, Xiong J, Li Y, Guo Y, Zhu T, Xu W. Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds during a typical top-charging coking process. Environ Pollut 2022; 308:119648. [PMID: 35718048 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from coking industry severely reduces air quality. Using both offline and online methods, the emissions of 124 VOCs and non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) in a typical top-charging coke oven were analyzed during the coking process (emissions form the coke oven flue gas, charging, pushing, coke dry quenching, and topside of the coke oven). The concentrations of VOCs in coke oven flue gas and exhaust gas during charging were the highest, which reached 98.2 mg/m3 and 136.6 mg/m3, respectively. This was followed by the concentrations of exhaust gases sourced from the topside of the coke oven, pushing, and coke dry quenching, which were 12.0 mg/m3, 1.8 mg/m3, and 0.8 mg/m3, respectively. The main components of VOCs for the different exhaust emission sources were significantly different. The ozone formation potentials (OFPs) of coke oven flue gas and exhaust gas during charging were the largest, and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as alkenes and benzenes were the main source of ground-level ozone. These data can support researchers in developing adsorption, catalytic oxidation, and other technologies for the removal of VOCs generated by the coking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jin Xiong
- Wisdri City Environment Protection Engineering Limited Company, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yuran Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yangyang Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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6
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Wu B, Xuan K, Shen X, Zhao Q, Shi Y, Kong L, Hu J, Li X, Zhang H, Cao X, Hao X, Zhou Q, Yao Z. Non-negligible emissions of black carbon from non-road construction equipment based on real-world measurements in China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:151300. [PMID: 34736751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-road construction equipment (NRCE) has become a vital contributor to urban air pollutants with the rapid urbanization in China. Black carbon (BC), as a key pollutant emitted from NRCE (mainly diesel-fueled), has attracted considerable concerns due to adverse impacts on climate change, visibility, and human health. However, the understanding of its emissions is still unclear based on limited research results. In this study, we conducted real-world measurements on BC emissions from 12 excavators and 9 loaders to characterize the variation and quantify fuel-based emission factors (EFs) by using a synchronous platform based on PEMS (SP-PEMS). We analyzed the impacts of key factors (operation mode, emission standard, and engine rated power) on BC emission comprehensively. High BC emission in working mode may be mainly owing to the increase of fuel consumption and the deterioration of air-fuel ratio. With more stringent emission standards, BC EFs of all tested NRCE present significant decreasing trends. Interestingly, NRCE with high rated power generally exhibits lower BC emissions. Through comparison, we find BC EFs in this study are generally higher than elemental carbon (EC) EFs reported in previous studies, which will lead BC emissions from NRCE to be underestimated while EC EFs are used instead of BC EFs. Furthermore, BC EFs of NRCE with Stage III are significantly higher (1-3 orders of magnitude) than those of on-road diesel trucks with the current mainstream emission standards of China IV and China V, which reinforces the urgency and importance of controlling BC emissions from NRCE in China. Finally, we recommend BC EFs of excavators and loaders under different emission standards and operation modes, and which preliminarily fills the gap in localized BC EFs of typical NRCE to relieve the urgent needs for emission inventory calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kaijie Xuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xianbao Shen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lei Kong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jinfeng Hu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xuewei Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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7
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Ying Y, Ma Y, Li X, Lin X. Emission and migration of PCDD/Fs and major air pollutants from co-processing of sewage sludge in brick kiln. Chemosphere 2021; 265:129120. [PMID: 33279232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The annual output of sewage in China is increasing rapidly and continues to grow, so there is an urgent need for a treatment other than landfills. Among various treatment methods, brick production coprocessing of sewage sludge is technically and economically advantageous. The emission characteristics of typical brick kiln coprocessing of sewage sludge with an annual production of 60 million bricks were studied. The major air pollutants and PCDD/Fs in gas and soil were determined. Particulate matter and SO2 contributed most before treatment, with concentrations of (1.017 ± 0.089) × 104 mg/Nm3 and (2.770 ± 0.251) × 103 mg/Nm3, respectively. After cleaning, the average emitted concentrations of major air pollutants were permissive and homogeneous: 58.13 ± 5.51 mg/Nm3 for NOx, 30.15 ± 9.12 mg/Nm3 for HCl, 28.63 ± 14.33 mg/Nm3 for SO2, 23.76 ± 3.31 mg/Nm3 for particulate matter, and 356.8 ± 99.1 for odor. The PCDD/Fs in the exhaust gas and ambient air showed similar distributions and fingerprint characteristics. The annual emission amounts of the PCDD/Fs were 0.265 g/year and 0.0393 g TEQ/year. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that PCDD/Fs were most relevant to HCl, and particulate matter might be important to SO2 and fluoride. Further relativity studies showed that the brick kiln was a source of PCDD/Fs but not a main source of major air pollutants to the surrounding environment. All the above pollutants from the brick kiln were permissive with relevant national standards. The results could help with pollution inventories for the brick and tile industry and sewage sludge disposal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Zhang X, Zhao W, Nie L, Shao X, Dang H, Zhang W, Wang D. A new classification approach to enhance future VOCs emission policies: Taking solvent-consuming industry as an example. Environ Pollut 2021; 268:115868. [PMID: 33139094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has consistently been linked to ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, and ongoing emission policies are primarily focusing on total VOCs without addressing the association between regulation measures and secondary pollution characteristic. For enhancing VOCs emission policy, we investigated potential formation of O3 and SOA based on analyses of node-specific VOCs concentration and species distribution in solvent-consuming industry. Although aromatics were found to contribute most to O3 and SOA formation averagely (2.57 ± 2.14 g O3/g VOCs, 1.91 ± 1.67 g SOA/g VOCs), however, large disparity concerning emission and secondary pollution profile were identified among different emission nodes which demonstrated that regulation policy should be formulated based on comprehensive pollution characteristic. Therefore, emission nodes were classified into four clusters through data normalization, formatting and classification process, including aromatics dominated (7 emission nodes), aromatics-alkene dominated (4 emission nodes), aromatics-alcohols dominated (4 emission nodes) and alcohols dominated (4 emission nodes). And different dominating VOCs species were further obtained in each cluster. Subsequently, focusing regulation measures of reducing O3 and SOA for different emission source clusters were proposed to guide pollution prevention and enhance future VOCs emission policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environment Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xia Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environment Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hongyan Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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9
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Mo Z, Shao M, Lu S, Qu H, Zhou M, Sun J, Gou B. Process-specific emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from petrochemical facilities in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Sci Total Environ 2015; 533:422-431. [PMID: 26179779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Process-specific emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from petrochemical facilities were investigated in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Source samples were collected from various process units in the petrochemical, basic chemical, and chlorinated chemical plants, and were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection. The results showed that propane (19.9%), propene (11.7%), ethane (9.5%) and i-butane (9.2%) were the most abundant species in the petrochemical plant, with propene at much higher levels than in petrochemical profiles measured in other regions. Styrene (15.3%), toluene (10.3%) and 1,3-butadiene (7.5%) were the major species in the basic chemical industry, while halocarbons, especially dichloromethane (15.2%) and chloromethane (7.5%), were substantial in the chlorinated chemical plant. Composite profiles were calculated using a weight-average approach based on the VOC emission strength of various process units. Emission profiles for an entire petrochemical-related industry were found to be process-oriented and should be established considering the differences in VOC emissions from various manufacturing facilities. The VOC source reactivity and carcinogenic risk potential of each process unit were also calculated in this study, suggesting that process operations mainly producing alkenes should be targeted for possible controls with respect to reducing the ozone formation potential, while process units emitting 1,3-butadiene should be under priority control in terms of toxicity. This provides a basis for further measurements of process-specific VOC emissions from the entire petrochemical industry. Meanwhile, more representative samples should be collected to reduce the large uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Mo
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Min Shao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Sihua Lu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Hang Qu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Mengyi Zhou
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Bin Gou
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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