1
|
Wang F, Chen A, Lan T, Chen X, Wang M, Hu X, Wang P, Cheng D, Zhang D. Synergistic catalytic removal of NO x and chlorinated organics through the cooperation of different active sites. J Hazard Mater 2024; 468:133722. [PMID: 38367433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The synergistic removal of NOx and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) has become the hot topic in the field of environmental catalysis. However, due to the trade-off effects between catalytic reduction of NOx and catalytic oxidation of CVOCs, it is indispensable to achieve well-matched redox property and acidity. Herein, synergistic catalytic removal of NOx and chlorobenzene (CB, as the model of CVOCs) has been originally demonstrated over a Co-doped SmMn2O5 mullite catalyst. Two kinds of Mn-Mn sites existed in Mn-O-Mn-Mn and Co-O-Mn-Mn sites were constructed, which owned gradient redox ability. It has been demonstrated that the cooperation of different active sites can achieve the balanced redox and acidic property of the SmMn2O5 catalyst. It is interesting that the d band center of Mn-Mn sites in two different sites was decreased by the introduction of Co, which inhibited the nitrate species deposition and significantly improved the N2 selectivity. The Co-O-Mn-Mn sites were beneficial to the oxidation of CB and it cooperates with Mn-O-Mn-Mn to promote the synergistic catalytic performance. This work paves the way for synergistic removal of NOx and CVOCs over cooperative active sites in catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Innovation Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Aling Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Innovation Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tianwei Lan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Innovation Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Innovation Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Innovation Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaonan Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Innovation Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Penglu Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Innovation Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Danhong Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Innovation Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Innovation Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Holm PE, Andersen ML, Thygesen LG, Nielsen UG, Hansen HCB. Phosphorus doped cyanobacterial biochar catalyzes efficient persulfate oxidation of the antibiotic norfloxacin. Bioresour Technol 2023; 388:129785. [PMID: 37722544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cyanobacterial biochars (CBs) enriched/doped with non-metallic elements were prepared by pyrolysis of biomass amended with different N, S, and P containing compounds. Their catalytic reactivity was tested for persulfate oxidation of the antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR). N and S doping failed to improve CB catalytic reactivity, while P doping increased reactivity 5 times compared with un-doped biochar. Biochars produced with organic phosphorus dopants showed the highest reactivity. Post-acid-washing improved catalytic reactivity. In particular, 950 ℃ acid-washed triphenyl-phosphate doped CB showed the largest degradation rate and reached 79% NOR mineralization in 2 h. Main attributes for P-doped CBs high reactivity were large specific surface areas (up to 655 m2/g), high adsorption, high C-P-O content, graphitic P and non-radical degradation pathway (electron transfer). This study demonstrates a new way to reuse waste biomass by producing efficient P-doped metal-free biochars and presents a basic framework for designing carbon-based catalysts for organic pollutant degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Peter E Holm
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mogens Larsen Andersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ulla Gro Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Bruun Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Campisi S, Leone M, Papacchini M, Evangelisti C, Polito L, Postole G, Gervasini A. Multifunctional interfaces for multiple uses: Tin(II)-hydroxyapatite for reductive adsorption of Cr(VI) and its upcycling into catalyst for air protection reactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:473-486. [PMID: 36334484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence collected to date by our group has demonstrated that tin(II)-functionalized hydroxyapatites (Sn/HAP) are a newly discovered class of ecofriendly reductive adsorbents for Cr(VI) removal from wastewaters. In this work an upgraded series of Sn/HAP materials assured a maximum removal capacity of ≈ 20 mgCr/g, doubling the previously reported value for Sn/HAP materials, thanks to higher Sn-dispersion as proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Insights on kinetics and thermodynamics of the reductive adsorption process are provided and the influence of pH, dosage, and nature of Cr(VI) precursors on chromium removal performances have been investigated. Pseudo-second-order kinetics described the interfacial reductive adsorption process on Sn/HAP, characterized by low activation energy (21 kJ mol-1), when measured in the 278-318 K range. Tests performed in the 2-6 pH interval showed similar efficiency in terms of Cr(VI) removal. Conventional procedures of recycling and regeneration resulted ineffective in restoring the pristine performances of the samples due to surface presence of both Sn(IV) and Cr(III). To overcome these weaknesses, the used samples (Sn + Cr/HAP) were upcycled into catalysts in a circular economy perspective. Used samples were tested as catalysts in gas-phase catalytic processes for air pollution remediation: selective catalytic reduction of NOx (NH3-SCR), NH3 selective catalytic Oxidation (NH3-SCO), and selective catalytic oxidation of methane to CO2. Catalytic tests enlightened the interesting activity of the upcycled Sn + Cr/HAP samples in catalytic oxidation processes, being able to selectively oxidize methane to CO2 at relatively low temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Campisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Mirko Leone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maddalena Papacchini
- Department of Technological Innovations and Safety of Plants, INAIL, Products and Anthropic Settlements, Via di Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Evangelisti
- CNR - ICCOM - Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Polito
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, SCITEC - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Georgeta Postole
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Antonella Gervasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang P, Chen A, Lan T, Liu X, Yan T, Ren W, Zhang D. Balancing acid and redox sites of phosphorylated CeO 2 catalysts for NO x reduction: The promoting and inhibiting mechanism of phosphorus. J Hazard Mater 2023; 441:129867. [PMID: 36115091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of phosphorus in metal oxide catalysts is still controversial. The precise tuning of the acidic and redox properties of metal oxide catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction in NOx using NH3 is also a great challenge. Herein, CeO2 catalysts with different degrees of phosphorylation were used to study the balance between the acidity and redox property by promoting and inhibiting effects of phosphorus. CeO2 catalysts phosphorylated with lower phosphorus content (5 wt%) exhibited superior NOx reduction performance with above 90% NOx conversion during 240-420 °C due to the balanced acidity and reducibility derived from the highest content of Brønsted acid sites on PO43- to adsorb NH3 and surface adsorbed oxygen species. Plenty of PO3- over CeO2 catalysts phosphorylated with the higher phosphorus content (≥ 10 wt%) significantly disrupted the balance between the acidity and the redox property due to the reduced acid/redox sites, which resulted in the less active NOx species. The mechanism of different structural phosphorus species (PO43- and PO3-) in promoting or inhibiting the NOx reduction over CeO2 catalysts was revealed. This work provides a novel method for qualitative and quantitative study of the relationship between acidity/redox property and activity of catalysts for NOx reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Aling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Tianwei Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Wei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang T, Liu X, Zeng Z, Wang X, Zhang P, Feng B, Tian K, Qing T. Efficient and recyclable degradation of organic dye pollutants by CeO 2@ZIF-8 nanozyme-based non-photocatalytic system. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120643. [PMID: 36372366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes-based catalysis system as the most typical pollutant degradation technology always suffer from poor durability and photo-dependent. Inspired by the fact that some nanomaterials exhibit catalytic properties closer to natural enzymes, a high peroxidase-like activity and stability CeO2@ZIF-8 nanozyme was synthesized in this study for non-photodegradation of dyes pollution. Multiple characterization techniques were applied to prove the successful synthesis of the nanozyme. The influence of different parameters on the catalytic degradation of organic dye by nanozyme was investigated. This nanozyme achieved a maximum degradation efficiency of 99.81% for methyl orange and maintained its catalytic performance in repeated experiments. Possible degradation intermediates and pathways for methyl orange were then proposed. In addition, the CeO2@ZIF-8 loaded starch/agarose films were prepared for the portable and recyclable remediation of real dye wastewater, which maintained more than 80% degradation efficiency after 5 successive cycles. These results suggested that nanozyme based non-photocatalytic system is a potential catalyst for dye degradation and it opens a new avenue to develop high-performance and recyclable catalysts for pollutant remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Yang
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Zihang Zeng
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Xujun Wang
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Feng
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Tian
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Taiping Qing
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu Z, Ao Z, Yang M, Wang S. Recent progress in single-atom alloys: Synthesis, properties, and applications in environmental catalysis. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127427. [PMID: 34678562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts have made outstanding advancements in pollutants elimination as well as energy and materials production over the past decades. Single-atom alloys (SAAs) are novel environmental catalysts prepared by dispersing single metal atoms on other metals. Integrating the advantages of single atom and alloys, SAAs can maximize atom utilization, reduce the use of noble metals and enhance catalytic performances. The synergistic, electronic and geometric effects of SAAs are effective to modulate the activation energy and adsorption strength, consequently breaking linear scaling relationship as well as offering an excellent catalytic activity and selectivity. Moreover, SAAs possess clear atomic structure, active sites and reaction mechanisms, providing an opportunity to tailor catalytic properties and develop effective environmental catalysts. In this review, we provide the recent progress on synthetic strategies, catalytic properties and catalyst design of SAAs. Furthermore, the applications of SAAs in environmental catalysis are introduced towards catalytic conversion and elimination of different air pollutants in many important reactions including (electrochemical) oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dehydrogenation of VOCs, CO2 conversion, NOx reduction, CO oxidation, SO3 decomposition, etc. Finally, challenges and opportunities of SAAs in a broad environmental field are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; SINOPEC Maoming Petrochemical Company, Maoming 525011, China
| | - Zhimin Ao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- SINOPEC Maoming Petrochemical Company, Maoming 525011, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kandathil V, Patil SA. Single-atom nanozymes and environmental catalysis: A perspective. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102485. [PMID: 34274722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The nanomaterials intrinsic enzyme-like activity has gained enormous traction since its discovery in 2007 by Gao and colleagues. The wide range of applications with nanozymes made it more attractive among the scientific community across the world. The area of artificial-enzymes is still evolving, with the development of Single-Atom Nanozymes (SANs), and there is a lot of opportunity in the design and development of SANs that has plenty of real-time applications. The irregular active site distribution or truncated densities of active sites present on the surface of nanozymes can be result in the reduced activity and specificity of nanozymes. Individually spreading these active sites evenly on a solid support will help to curtail the uneven distribution of active sites, resulting in the formation of SANs. SANs, like homogeneous catalysts, are very effective and active due to the nearly uniform distribution of active sites on solid support, and their recovery and recyclability, like heterogeneous catalysts, make them green and sustainable. This review provides a brief overview of architecture, synthesis, and implementations of SANs in various fields. Also, the possibility of SANs in environmental catalysis is discussed along with the key challenges and prospects lying ahead in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kandathil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Siddappa A Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu H, Fu H, Liu Y, Chen X, Yu K, Wang L. Synthesis, characterization and utilization of oxygen vacancy contained metal oxide semiconductors for energy and environmental catalysis. Chemosphere 2021; 272:129534. [PMID: 33465617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing novel functional materials with promising desired properties in enhancing energy conversion and lowering the catalytic reaction barriers is essential for the demand to solve the increasingly severe energy and environmental crisis nowadays. Metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) are widely used in the field of catalysis because of its excellent catalytic characteristics. Introduction of defects, in addition to the adjustment of composition and atomic arrangement in the materials can effectively improve the materials' catalytic performance. Especially, introducing oxygen vacancies (OVs) into the lattice structure of MOS has been developed as a facile route to improve MOS's optical and electronic transmission characteristics. And a large number of metal oxides with rich OVs have been served in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2-RR) photo-degradation of organic pollutants, etc. This small review briefly outlines some preparation techniques to introduce OVs into MOS, and the characterization techniques to identify and quantify the OVs in MOS. The applications of OVs contained MOS especially in energy and environmental catalysis areas are also discussed. The effects of OVs types and concentrations on the catalytic performances are deliberated. Finally, the defective structure-catalytic property relationship is highlighted, and the future status and opportunities of MOS containing OVs in the catalytic field are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hao Fu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuchang Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiyong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China.
| | - Liwei Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China.
| |
Collapse
|