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Thekkeparambil Chandrabose S, Sriram S, Subramanian S, Cheng S, Ong WK, Rozen S, Kasim NHA, Sugii S. Amenable epigenetic traits of dental pulp stem cells underlie high capability of xeno-free episomal reprogramming. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:68. [PMID: 29559008 PMCID: PMC5859503 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a shift towards non-viral and animal component-free methods of generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is preferred for safer clinical applications, there is still a shortage of reliable cell sources and protocols for efficient reprogramming. METHODS Here, we show a robust episomal and xeno-free reprogramming strategy for human iPS generation from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) which renders good efficiency (0.19%) over a short time frame (13-18 days). RESULTS The robustness of DPSCs as starting cells for iPS induction is found due to their exceptional inherent stemness properties, developmental origin from neural crest cells, specification for tissue commitment, and differentiation capability. To investigate the epigenetic basis for the high reprogramming efficiency of DPSCs, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and found that the epigenetic signature of DPSCs associated with pluripotent, developmental, and ecto-mesenchymal genes is relatively close to that of iPS and embryonic stem (ES) cells. Among these genes, it is found that overexpression of PAX9 and knockdown of HERV-FRD improved the efficiencies of iPS generation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study provides underlying epigenetic mechanisms that establish a robust platform for efficient generation of iPS cells from DPSCs, facilitating industrial and clinical use of iPS technology for therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhya Sriram
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Subha Subramanian
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Wee Kiat Ong
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Malaysia, 79200, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Steve Rozen
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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