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Mancini NL, Rajeev S, Jayme TS, Wang A, Keita ÅV, Workentine ML, Hamed S, Söderholm JD, Lopes F, Shutt TE, Shearer J, McKay DM. Crohn's Disease Pathobiont Adherent-Invasive E coli Disrupts Epithelial Mitochondrial Networks With Implications for Gut Permeability. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:551-571. [PMID: 32992049 PMCID: PMC7797367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli are implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in biopsy specimens from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. As a novel aspect of adherent-invasive E coli-epithelial interaction, we hypothesized that E coli (strain LF82) would elicit substantial disruption of epithelial mitochondrial form and function. METHODS Monolayers of human colon-derived epithelial cell lines were exposed to E coli-LF82 or commensal E coli and RNA sequence analysis, mitochondrial function (adenosine triphosphate synthesis) and dynamics (mitochondrial network imaging, immunoblotting for fission and fusion proteins), and epithelial permeability (transepithelial resistance, flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and bacteria) were assessed. RESULTS E coli-LF82 significantly affected epithelial expression of ∼8600 genes, many relating to mitochondrial function. E coli-LF82-infected epithelia showed swollen mitochondria, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate, and fragmentation of the mitochondrial network: events not observed with dead E coli-LF82, medium from bacterial cultures, or control E coli. Treatment with Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor 1 (Mdivi1, inhibits dynamin-related peptide 1, guanosine triphosphatase principally responsible for mitochondrial fission) or P110 (prevents dynamin-related peptide 1 binding to mitochondrial fission 1 protein) partially reduced E coli-LF82-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in the short term. E coli-LF82-infected epithelia showed loss of the long isoform of optic atrophy factor 1, which mediates mitochondrial fusion. Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor 1 reduced the magnitude of E coli-LF82-induced increased transepithelial flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran. By 8 hours after infection, increased cytosolic cytochrome C and DNA fragmentation were apparent without evidence of caspase-3 or apoptosis inducing factor activation. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial mitochondrial fragmentation caused by E coli-LF82 could be targeted to maintain cellular homeostasis and mitigate infection-induced loss of epithelial barrier function. Data have been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus and are accessible through GEO series accession numbers GSE154121 and GSE154122 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE154121).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Mancini
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sruthi Rajeev
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy S Jayme
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arthur Wang
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Samira Hamed
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Surgery, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fernando Lopes
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Shutt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derek M McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Katzka DA, Ravi K, Geno DM, Smyrk TC, Iyer PG, Alexander JA, Mabary JE, Camilleri M, Vaezi MF. Endoscopic Mucosal Impedance Measurements Correlate With Eosinophilia and Dilation of Intercellular Spaces in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:1242-1248.e1. [PMID: 25592662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Penetration of the esophageal epithelium by food antigens is an early event in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), but the precise relationship among eosinophilia, dilated intercellular spaces (DIS), and decreased barrier function is unclear. We investigated the correlation between site-specific mucosal impedance (MI) measurements of ion flux and esophageal histology, and whether MI measurements can be used to distinguish between patients with active and inactive EoE. METHODS MI was measured (in Ω) in 10 patients with active EoE (>15 eosinophils [eos]/high-power field [HPF]) and in 10 with inactive EoE (<15 eos/HPF, as a result of treatment), and mucosal biopsy specimens were collected from 4 esophageal sites (2, 5, 10, and 15 cm above the Z-line). MI also was measured in 10 individuals without esophageal symptoms (controls). MI measurements, eos/HPF, and DIS grade were compared among patients with EoE and controls. RESULTS The esophageal MI values were significantly lower in patients with active EoE (1909 Ω) compared with inactive EoE (4349 Ω) or controls (5530 Ω) (P < .001). Biopsy specimens from 4 patients with active EoE contained fewer than 15 eos/HPF and lower-grade DIS than in patients with active disease. There were significant inverse correlations between MI and eos/HPF (rs = -.584), as well as between MI and DIS (rs = -.531; P < .001). The MI cut-off value of 2300 Ω identified patients with active EoE with 90% sensitivity and 91% specificity, and high-grade DIS with 89% sensitivity and 82% specificity. CONCLUSIONS In patients with EoE, eosinophilia and DIS correlate with MI measurements of ion flux. Endoscopic MI measurement in the esophagus is safe and easy to perform, and can be used to assess activity of diseases such as EoE.
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Bücker R, Schulz E, Günzel D, Bojarski C, Lee IFM, John LJ, Wiegand S, Janßen T, Wieler LH, Dobrindt U, Beutin L, Ewers C, Fromm M, Siegmund B, Troeger H, Schulzke JD. α-Haemolysin of Escherichia coli in IBD: a potentiator of inflammatory activity in the colon. Gut 2014; 63:1893-901. [PMID: 24534723 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE α-Haemolysin (HlyA) influences host cell ionic homeostasis and causes concentration-dependent cell lysis. As a consequence, HlyA-producing Escherichia coli is capable of inducing 'focal leaks' in colon epithelia, through which bacteria and antigens translocate. This study addressed the role of HlyA as a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of colitis according to the 'leaky gut' concept. DESIGN To study the action of HlyA in the colon, we performed oral administration of HlyA-expressing E coli-536 and its isogenic α-haemolysin-deficient mutant (HDM) in three mouse models: wild type, interleukin-10 knockout mice (IL-10(-/-)) and monoassociated mice. Electrophysiological properties of the colonised colon were characterised in Ussing experiments. Inflammation scores were evaluated and focal leaks in the colon were assessed by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. HlyA quantity in human colon biopsies was measured by quantitative PCR. RESULTS All three experimental mouse models infected with HlyA-producing E coli-536 showed an increase in focal leak area compared with HDM. This was associated with a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and an increase in macromolecule uptake. As a consequence, inflammatory activity index was increased to a higher degree in inflammation-prone mice. Mucosal samples from human colon were E coli HlyA-positive in 19 of 22 patients with ulcerative colitis, 9 of 9 patients with Crohn's disease and 9 of 12 healthy controls. Moreover, focal leaks were found together with 10-fold increased levels of HlyA in active ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS E coli HlyA impairs intestinal barrier function via focal leak induction in the epithelium, thereby intensifying antigen uptake and triggering intestinal inflammation in vulnerable mouse models. Therefore, HlyA-expressing E coli strains should be considered as potential cofactors in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Bücker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Schulz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Günzel
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Bojarski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - In-Fah M Lee
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena J John
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wiegand
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Traute Janßen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lothar H Wieler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Christa Ewers
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Fromm
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanno Troeger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
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Sedhom MAK, Pichery M, Murdoch JR, Foligné B, Ortega N, Normand S, Mertz K, Sanmugalingam D, Brault L, Grandjean T, Lefrancais E, Fallon PG, Quesniaux V, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Cathomas G, Junt T, Chamaillard M, Girard JP, Ryffel B. Neutralisation of the interleukin-33/ST2 pathway ameliorates experimental colitis through enhancement of mucosal healing in mice. Gut 2013; 62:1714-23. [PMID: 23172891 PMCID: PMC3841767 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been intrinsically linked to a deregulated cytokine network, but novel therapeutic principles are urgently needed. Here we identify the interleukin (IL)-33 and its receptor ST2 as key negative regulators of wound healing and permeability in the colon of mice. DESIGN Expression of IL-33 and ST2 was determined by qRT-PCR, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and western-blot analysis. Wild-type and St2(-/-) mice were used in wound healing experiments and in two experimental models of IBD triggered by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid or dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Neutralisation of ST2 was performed by using a specific blocking antibody. RESULTS Nuclear localisation and enhanced expression of IL-33 in myofibroblasts and enterocytes was linked to disease involvement independently of inflammation, while the expression of ST2 was primarily restricted to the colonic epithelia. In two experimental models of IBD, genetic ablation of ST2 significantly improved signs of colitis, while a sustained epithelial expression of the cyto-protective factor connexin-43 was observed in DSS-treated St2-deficient mice. Unexpectedly, absence of ST2 in non-hematopoietic cells was sufficient to protect against colitis. Consistently, specific inhibition of endogenous ST2-mediated signalling by treatment with neutralising antibody improved DSS-induced colitis. In addition, IL-33 treatment impaired epithelial barrier permeability in vitro and in vivo, whereas absence of ST2 enhanced wound healing response upon acute mechanical injury in the colon. CONCLUSIONS Our study unveiled a novel non-hematopoietic function of IL-33 in epithelial barrier function and wound healing. Therefore, blocking the IL-33/ST2 axis may represent an efficient therapy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh A K Sedhom
- CNRS and University, UMR7355, Molecular Immunology, Orleans, France and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, RSA,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mélanie Pichery
- CNRS, IPBS, Toulouse, France,Toulouse University, UPS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jenna R Murdoch
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Foligné
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France,Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Ortega
- CNRS, IPBS, Toulouse, France,Toulouse University, UPS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvain Normand
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France,Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
| | - Kirsten Mertz
- Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Devika Sanmugalingam
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lea Brault
- CNRS and University, UMR7355, Molecular Immunology, Orleans, France and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, RSA
| | - Teddy Grandjean
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France,Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
| | - Emma Lefrancais
- CNRS, IPBS, Toulouse, France,Toulouse University, UPS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Valérie Quesniaux
- CNRS and University, UMR7355, Molecular Immunology, Orleans, France and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, RSA
| | | | - Gieri Cathomas
- Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Junt
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France,Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
| | | | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS and University, UMR7355, Molecular Immunology, Orleans, France and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, RSA,Artimmune SAS, Orléans, France
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