1
|
Yang S, Hemarajata P, Hilt EE, Price TK, Garner OB, Green NM. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon Variant and Hospitalization Status by Genomic Surveillance in a Single Large Health System During the 2020-2021 Winter Surge in Southern California. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 157:649-652. [PMID: 34875004 PMCID: PMC8689746 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess whether the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Epsilon variant (B.1.429/427) is more virulent, leading to more hospitalization and more severe disease requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance was performed on respiratory samples from 231 unique patients, collected at a single large health system in Southern California between November 2020 and March 2021 during the winter surge. RESULTS The frequencies of the Epsilon variant among outpatients, hospitalized patients, and ICU patients were indifferent. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the Epsilon variant is not associated with increased hospitalization and ICU admission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangxin Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Evann E Hilt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Travis K Price
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Omai B Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole M Green
- Los Angeles Department of Public Health, Downey, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park AK, Rhee JE, Kim I, Kim HM, Lee H, Kim J, Lee CY, Lee N, Woo S, Lee J, No JS, Rhie G, Wang SJ, Lee S, Park YJ, Park G, Kim JY, Gwack J, Yoo C, Kim E. Genomic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the Republic of Korea. J Med Virol 2022; 94:1717-1722. [PMID: 34862628 PMCID: PMC9015470 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, reinfection is likely to become increasingly common. However, confirming COVID-19 reinfection is difficult because it requires whole-genome sequencing of both infections to identify the degrees of genetic differences. Since the first reported case of reinfection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the Republic of Korea in April 2020, four additional cases were classified as suspected reinfection cases. We performed whole-genome sequencing of viral RNA extracted from swabs obtained at the initial infection and reinfection stages of these four suspected cases. The interval between initial infection and reinfection of all four suspected cases was more than 3 months. All four patients were young (10-29 years), and they displayed mild symptoms or were asymptomatic during the initial infection and reinfection episodes. The analysis of genome sequences combined with the epidemiological results revealed that only two of the four cases were confirmed as reinfection, and both were reinfected with the Epsilon variant. Due to the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, the possibility of reinfections with SARS-CoV-2 variants is increasing, as reported in our study. Therefore, continuous monitoring of cases is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ae Kyung Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Osong‐eup, Heungdeok‐guCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Rhee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Osong‐eup, Heungdeok‐guCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Il‐Hwan Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Osong‐eup, Heungdeok‐guCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Heui Man Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Osong‐eup, Heungdeok‐guCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjin Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Osong‐eup, Heungdeok‐guCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Ah Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Osong‐eup, Heungdeok‐guCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Osong‐eup, Heungdeok‐guCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Nam‐Joo Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Osong‐eup, Heungdeok‐guCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - SangHee Woo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Osong‐eup, Heungdeok‐guCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Osong‐eup, Heungdeok‐guCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Division of High‐Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Cheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Gi‐Eun Rhie
- Division of High‐Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Cheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Wang
- Epidemiological Investigation Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Cheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Eun Lee
- Epidemiological Investigation Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Cheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Park
- Epidemiological Investigation Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Cheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Gemma Park
- Case and Guideline Management Team, Infection Prevention Support Team, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Cheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Kim
- Case and Guideline Management Team, Infection Prevention Support Team, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Cheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin Gwack
- Case and Guideline Management Team, Infection Prevention Support Team, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Cheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Cheon‐Kwon Yoo
- Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Cheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Jin Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)Osong‐eup, Heungdeok‐guCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsai MS, Yang YH, Lin YS, Chang GH, Hsu CM, Yeh RA, Shu LH, Cheng YC, Liu HT, Wu YH, Wu YH, Shen RC, Wu CY. GB-2 blocking the interaction between ACE2 and wild type and mutation of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112011. [PMID: 34388530 PMCID: PMC8339502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the start of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China, there have been more than 150 million confirmed cases of the disease reported to the World Health Organization. The beta variant (B.1.351 lineage), the mutation lineages of SARS-CoV-2, had increase transmissibility and resistance to neutralizing antibodies due to multiple mutations in the spike protein. N501Y, K417N and E484K, in the receptor binding domain (RBD) region may induce a conformational change of the spike protein and subsequently increase the infectivity of the beta variant. The L452R mutation in the epsilon variant (the B.1.427/B.1.429 variants) also reduced neutralizing activity of monoclonal antibodies. In this study, we discovered that 300 μg/mL GB-2, from Tian Shang Sheng Mu of Chiayi Puzi Peitian Temple, can inhibit the binding between ACE2 and wild-type (Wuhan type) RBD spike protein. GB-2 can inhibit the binding between ACE2 and RBD with K417N-E484K-N501Y mutation in a dose-dependent manner. GB-2 inhibited the binding between ACE2 and the RBD with a single mutation (K417N or N501Y or L452R) except the E484K mutation. In the compositions of GB-2, glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC., theaflavin and (+)-catechin cannot inhibit the binding between ACE2 and wild-type RBD spike protein. Theaflavin 3-gallate can inhibit the binding between ACE2 and wild-type RBD spike protein. Our results suggest that GB-2 could be a potential candidate for the prophylaxis of some SARS-CoV-2 variants infection in the further clinical study because of its inhibition of binding between ACE2 and RBD with K417N-E484K-N501Y mutations or L452R mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shao Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Chinese medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Geng-He Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Reming-Albert Yeh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Shu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Te Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Chen Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Chinese medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|