1
|
Mihalca AD, Deak G, Panait LC, Rabei Ș, Beugnet F. Efficacy of a topical formulation containing esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard Combo ®) against natural infestations with the cat louse, Felicola subrostratus under field conditions. Parasite 2022; 29:62. [PMID: 36562429 PMCID: PMC9879157 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Felicola subrostratus is the only species of louse affecting domestic cats. Although it is considered a rare ectoparasite of pet cats, it occurs mainly in stray or shelter animals and is sometimes associated with intense pruritus and secondary bacterial infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of the topical formulation of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard Combo®, Boehringer Ingelheim) in cats for the treatment of naturally acquired chewing lice infestation in a multi-site, positive-control, blinded clinical field study. Thirty-one domestic cats presenting natural F. subrostratus infestation were included in the study. The animals had not been treated with any ectoparasiticide within the previous 60 days. After inclusion, each cat was randomly assigned to one of the two groups: group 1, 14 cats treated with NexGard Combo® or group 2, 17 cats treated with Frontline Combo®. A clinical evaluation was performed at days 0 (inclusion), 14 and 30 and consisted in scoring the skin lesions and symptoms and scoring the presence of lice. On day 30, all cats from both groups scored 0 for the presence of live lice and no dead lice were found, demonstrating 100% efficacy. The clinical scores significantly improved from day 0 to day 30 in both groups. During the 30 days of surveillance, no reinfestations due to the hatching of eggs were observed and none of the cats had any adverse reactions. Esafoxolaner demonstrated high efficacy for the treatment of F. subrostratus infestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Daniel Mihalca
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca Calea Mănăștur 3–5 400372 Cluj-Napoca Romania,Parasitology Consultancy Group SRL Strada Principală 145B 407056 Corușu Romania
| | - Georgiana Deak
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca Calea Mănăștur 3–5 400372 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Luciana Cătălina Panait
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca Calea Mănăștur 3–5 400372 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Ștefan Rabei
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca Calea Mănăștur 3–5 400372 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Frederic Beugnet
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Av Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tielemans E, Rautenbach C, Besselaar JF, Beugnet F. Efficacy of a topical product combining esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against bedbug (Cimex lectularius) experimental infestations in cats. Parasite 2022; 29:59. [PMID: 36562440 PMCID: PMC9879142 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) are a persistent nuisance pest for humans and their home environment, and may also opportunistically feed on other mammals, including household pets like dogs and cats. NexGard® Combo is a topical endectoparasiticide product for cats combining esafoxolaner, an isoxazoline compound with insecticidal and acaricidal properties, the nematocide eprinomectin and the cestocide praziquantel. The insecticidal efficacy of this product was evaluated in cats experimentally infested with C. lectularius in a blinded, negative controlled and randomized study. Two groups of 7 cats were formed: an untreated control group, and a NexGard® Combo group treated once on Day 0 at the label dose. Cats were then challenged weekly, each with twenty unfed adult C. lectularius, on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. After close contact with the cat's skin for 15 min, live fed C. lectularius were collected and incubated for 96 h. The weekly efficacy evaluations were based on a comparison of the number of surviving bedbugs in the control and the treated group after 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation. The model was demonstrated to be robust as in the control group the average feeding rate after the 15-minute challenge was 94%, and as 96% of incubated bed bugs were alive after 96 hours of incubation. Significant live bedbug reductions were demonstrated in the Nexgard® Combo treated group: after 96 h of incubation, the reductions ranged from 80.6 to 88.0% during the Day 1 to Day 21 period, and dropped to 58% at Day 28.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tielemans
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - Carin Rautenbach
- Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd. P.O. Box 11186, Universitas Bloemfontein 9321 Republic of South Africa
| | - JF Besselaar
- Clindata International (Pty) Ltd. P.O. Box 11186, Universitas Bloemfontein 9321 Republic of South Africa
| | - Frederic Beugnet
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tielemans E, Otsuki T, Cheesman T, Selmes F, Pfefferkorn A, Prullage J. Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against fleas in cats, under field conditions. Parasite 2021; 28:22. [PMID: 33812454 PMCID: PMC8019569 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Esafoxolaner is a purified afoxolaner enantiomer with insecticidal and acaricidal properties. It is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel, nematodicidal and cestodicidal compounds, in a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats. This novel formulation was tested in four field studies, in the United States, Europe, Japan and Australia. In all studies, naturally flea-infested domestic cats were treated with the novel formulation at the label dose and conditions of use. The main objective, identical in the four studies, was to assess efficacy on fleas, based on comparison of mean number of fleas found on infested cats before and one month after treatment. Tolerance to the product was also evaluated in the four studies. Otherwise, the studies had some differences in their design and secondary objectives, for example testing for a reduction in flea infestation-related cutaneous signs, testing of one treatment or of three monthly treatments, and use of a positive control group. In the four studies, a total of 307 cats were treated with the novel formulation. The reduction of fleas one month after treatment was 97.7%, 98.8%, 100% and 99.7% in the United States, Europe, Japan and Australia, respectively. There were no significant health abnormalities attributed to treatment in any of the studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tielemans
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - Tomoko Otsuki
-
Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Japan Co. Ltd. ThinkPark Tower, 2-1-1 Osaki Shinagawa-Ku 141-6017 Tokyo Japan
| | - Tara Cheesman
-
Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Pty) Ltd. 78 Waterloo Rd. North Ryde 2113 NSW Australia
| | - Fiona Selmes
-
Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Pty) Ltd. 78 Waterloo Rd. North Ryde 2113 NSW Australia
| | - Anthony Pfefferkorn
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - Joe Prullage
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health, Missouri Research Center 6498 Jade Rd. Fulton 65251 MO USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tielemans E, Pfefferkorn A, Viljoen A. Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Rhipicephalus sanguineus in cats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:24. [PMID: 33812456 PMCID: PMC8019555 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Esafoxolaner is a purified enantiomer of afoxolaner with insecticidal and acaricidal properties. It is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel in a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats. The efficacy of this novel formulation was assessed in an experimental study against induced infestation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. Twenty cats were randomly allocated to either a placebo control group or a treated group in a 1:1 ratio. Infested cats were treated topically once at the minimum recommended dose. The study was designed to assess curative efficacy 48 h after treatment and to test preventive efficacy 48 h after weekly infestations for 2 months. At each weekly infestation, all cats were infested with 25 male and 25 unfed female R. sanguineus ticks. At each tick count, at least 6 in 10 control cats had a retention of 13 (26%) or more live ticks, demonstrating adequate infestation throughout the study. Curative efficacy on existing tick infestation was 90%; preventive efficacy over the following 6 weeks was at least 96%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tielemans
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health, 29 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Anthony Pfefferkorn
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health, 29 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Alta Viljoen
- Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd., P.O. Box 11186, Universitas, Bloemfontein 9321, Republic of South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tielemans E, Buellet P, Young D, Viljoen A, Liebenberg J, Prullage J. Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against adult cat flea Ctenocephalides felis and flea egg production in cats. Parasite 2021; 28:21. [PMID: 33812453 PMCID: PMC8019553 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Esafoxolaner, a purified enantiomer of afoxolaner with insecticidal and acaricidal properties, is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel in NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats. The efficacy of this novel formulation against adult and immature stages of Ctenocephalides felis fleas was tested in four experimental studies. Two studies were designed to test adulticide efficacy, one to test inhibition of immature stages, and one to test both adulticide efficacy and inhibition of immature stages. In each study, cats were randomly allocated to a placebo control group or to a novel formulation group treated once at the minimum recommended dose. Cats were experimentally infested weekly for one to two months with unfed C. felis originating from North America or Europe. For adulticide efficacy evaluations, live fleas were counted 24 h after treatment and after subsequent weekly infestations. For immature stages, flea eggs were collected and counted weekly for evaluation of egg production inhibition and incubated for larval hatching evaluation. In the three studies testing adult fleas, curative efficacies, 24 h after treatment, were 92.1%, 98.3% and 99.7%; preventive weekly efficacies, 24 h after weekly infestations, remained higher than 95.5% for at least one month. In the two studies testing immature stages, egg production and larval hatching was significantly reduced for at least one month. These studies provide robust evidence of efficacy of the novel formulation against experimental adult flea infestations and for the prevention of environmental contamination by immature flea stages, for at least one month.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tielemans
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - Prescillia Buellet
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - David Young
-
Young Veterinary Research Services 7243 East Avenue Turlock CA 95380-9124 USA
| | - Alta Viljoen
-
Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd. P.O. Box 11186, Universitas Bloemfontein 9321 Republic of South Africa
| | - Julian Liebenberg
-
Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd. P.O. Box 11186, Universitas Bloemfontein 9321 Republic of South Africa
| | - Joe Prullage
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health, Missouri Research Center 6498 Jade Rd. Fulton MO 65251 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tielemans E, Erasmus H, Momberg M, Pfefferkorn A, Targa N, Chilakapati J, Gupta A. Safety evaluation of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel, in reproducing female cats. Parasite 2021; 28:20. [PMID: 33812452 PMCID: PMC8019565 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide product for cats, is a combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel. The safety of this novel combination administered to females during reproduction and lactation was evaluated per analysis of breeding parameters and adverse reactions observed on females and offspring. Females with successful breeding history were randomized to three groups, a placebo group and groups treated with the novel formulation at 1× or 3× multiples of the maximum exposure dose. Females were dosed at 28-day intervals, at least twice before mating, then during a period including mating, pregnancy, whelping and 56 days of lactation. In the placebo, 1× and 3× groups, 10, 9 and 10 females, respectively completed the study (nine, seven and nine females achieved pregnancy), and were dosed 7.1 times on average. Breeding parameters included success of mating, success of gestation, length of gestation, abortion rate, number of live, dead and stillborn kittens at birth, number of kittens with abnormalities, weight of kittens after birth and at weaning, growth of kittens, proportion of male and female kittens, and proportion of kittens born alive and weaned. No significant adverse reactions related to the novel combination were observed on females and on kittens; no significant and adverse effects on breeding parameters were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tielemans
-
Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - Heidi Erasmus
-
Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd. P.O. Box 11186 Universitas 9321 Bloemfontein Republic of South Africa
| | - Mandie Momberg
-
Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd. P.O. Box 11186 Universitas 9321 Bloemfontein Republic of South Africa
| | - Anthony Pfefferkorn
-
Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - Norba Targa
-
Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 3239 Satellite Blvd Duluth 30096 GA USA
| | - Jaya Chilakapati
-
Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 3239 Satellite Blvd Duluth 30096 GA USA
| | - Aradhana Gupta
-
Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 3239 Satellite Blvd Duluth 30096 GA USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Knaus M, Capári B, Szabó M, Kley K, Johnson C. Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Notoedres cati mange in cats. Parasite 2021; 28:27. [PMID: 33812459 PMCID: PMC8019547 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy against notoedric mange of a topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (Nexgard® Combo, Boehringer Ingelheim) was evaluated in a masked, controlled clinical study including 14 cats with natural or induced Notoedres cati infestation. Cats were allocated randomly to two groups of seven cats each, to be administered either mineral oil (placebo control) or NexGard® Combo. Each treatment was administered once as spot-on at 0.12 mL per kg body weight (representing the minimum label dosage of NexGard® Combo, i.e. 1.44 mg esafoxolaner, 0.48 mg eprinomectin, and 10.0 mg praziquantel per kg body weight). Live mites were counted in skin scrapings collected within seven days prior to and 14, 27/28, 42 and 56 days after treatment to calculate the percentage efficacy of NexGard® Combo based on the comparison of mean live mite counts of the two groups. Concurrently, mange lesions and clinical signs were scored to establish a clinical success valuation. No live mites were recovered from any NexGard® Combo-treated cats post-treatment, indicating 100% therapeutic efficacy following a single spot-on administration of the novel antiparasitic combination. The clinical success valuations in the NexGard® Combo-treated cats were 14.3%, 42.8%, 100% and 100% at 14, 27/28, 42 and 56 days after treatment, respectively. No health problems were observed throughout the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Knaus
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center Walchenseestr. 8–12 83101 Rohrdorf Germany
| | | | - Mirjam Szabó
- Kapriol Bt. Vak Bottyán St. 1 8330 Sümeg Hungary
| | - Katrin Kley
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center Walchenseestr. 8–12 83101 Rohrdorf Germany
| | - Chris Johnson
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 3239 Satellite Blvd Duluth 30096 GA USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Knaus M, Baker C, Alva R, Mitchell E, Irwin J, Shukullari E, Veliu A, Ibarra-Velarde F, Liebenberg J, Reinemeyer C, Tielemans E, Wakeland K, Johnson C. Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel in cats against Toxocara cati and Dipylidium caninum. Parasite 2021; 28:28. [PMID: 33812460 PMCID: PMC8019557 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NexGard® Combo, a novel topical antiparasitic product for cats, combines the insecticide/acaricide esafoxolaner with the nematocide eprinomectin and cestodicide praziquantel. The efficacy of this combination product was evaluated against two common endoparasites of global occurrence in cats, the nematode Toxocara cati and the cestode Dipylidium caninum, in five controlled studies using naturally or experimentally infected cats with parasites of North American, South African or European origin. Cats evaluated in these studies harbored patent infection of the target parasite confirmed through a pre-treatment fecal examination. In each study, cats were allocated randomly to two groups of equal size (8 or 10 cats per group per study), one group treated with a placebo (mineral oil) and the other with NexGard® Combo. Both treatments were administered once as a spot-on at 0.12 mL per kg body weight to deliver the minimum label dosage (1.44 mg/kg esafoxolaner, 0.48 mg/kg eprinomectin, and 10.0 mg/kg praziquantel) to the NexGard® Combo-treated cats. To determine efficacy, geometric mean parasite counts seven to 12 days after treatment of placebo-treated (control) cats and NexGard® Combo-treated cats were compared. The efficacy of NexGard® Combo was 98.8% and 100% against adult T. cati in two studies; and 98.0%, 98.3% and 93.2% against D. caninum in three studies. No adverse events related to treatment were observed throughout the studies. These studies demonstrate high efficacy against these major feline endoparasites and excellent acceptability of the novel topical antiparasitic combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Knaus
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center Walchenseestr. 8–12 83101 Rohrdorf Germany
| | - Christine Baker
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 1730 Olympic Drive Athens GA 30601 USA
| | - Roberto Alva
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 1730 Olympic Drive Athens GA 30601 USA
| | - Elizabeth Mitchell
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 1730 Olympic Drive Athens GA 30601 USA
| | - Jennifer Irwin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 1730 Olympic Drive Athens GA 30601 USA
| | - Enstela Shukullari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana Rruga Paisi Vodica 1025 Tirana Albania
| | - Abdullah Veliu
- Center for Animal Services, Fond. Prosp. Integr. Rr. Mine Peza, Pall. 3, Shk. 1/4 1000 Tirana Albania
| | | | - Julian Liebenberg
- Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd. P.O. Box 11186, Universitas Bloemfontein 9321 Republic of South Africa
| | - Craig Reinemeyer
- East Tennessee Clinical Research 80 Copper Ridge Farm Rd Rockwood TN 37854 USA
| | - Eric Tielemans
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - Kenneth Wakeland
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 3239 Satellite Blvd Duluth GA 30096 USA
| | - Chris Johnson
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 3239 Satellite Blvd Duluth GA 30096 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Prullage J, Baker C, Mansour A, McCall S, Young D, Tielemans E. Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Amblyomma americanum in cats. Parasite 2021; 28:25. [PMID: 33812457 PMCID: PMC8019551 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Esafoxolaner, a purified enantiomer of afoxolaner with insecticidal and acaricidal properties, is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel in NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide product for cats. The efficacy of this novel formulation was assessed in two experimental studies against induced infestations with Amblyomma americanum, a tick species of major importance, highly prevalent in a large southeastern quarter of the United States. In each study, 10 cats were randomly allocated to a placebo control group and 10 cats to a novel formulation treated group. Infested cats were treated topically once at the minimum recommended dose. Both studies were designed to test curative efficacy on existing infestation, 72 h after treatment, and to test preventive efficacy, 72 h after subsequent weekly (Study #1) or fortnightly (Study #2) infestations for one month. For each infestation, all cats were infested with 50 unfed adult A. americanum. At each tick count, in both studies, at least 8 in 10 placebo control cats were infested with 13 (26%) or more live ticks, demonstrating adequate infestation throughout the studies. Curative efficacy of the novel formulation was 99% in both studies; preventive efficacy was 92% and 100% for at least one month.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Prullage
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health, Missouri Research Center 6498 Jade Rd. Fulton MO
65251 USA
| | - Christine Baker
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 1730 Olympic Drive Athens GA
30601 USA
| | | | - Scott McCall
-
TRS Labs Inc. 215 Paradise Blvd Athens GA
30607-1151 USA
| | - David Young
-
Young Veterinary Research Services 7243 East Avenue Turlock CA
95380-9124 USA
| | - Eric Tielemans
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 avenue Tony Garnier 69007
Lyon France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tielemans E, Prullage J, Tomoko O, Liebenberg J, Capári B, Sotiraki S, Kostopoulou D, Ligda P, Ulrich M, Knaus M. Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against ear mite (Otodectes cynotis) infestations in cats. Parasite 2021; 28:26. [PMID: 33812458 PMCID: PMC8019571 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Esafoxolaner, a purified enantiomer of afoxolaner with insecticidal and acaricidal properties, is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel, nematodicidal and cestodicidal compounds, in NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats. The efficacy of this formulation was assessed against Otodectes cynotis in two laboratory studies conducted in South Africa and in the USA with local isolates, and in one field trial conducted in Europe. In each study, cats were randomly allocated to a placebo-treated control group and a novel formulation-treated group. In the laboratory studies, cats were treated at the minimum recommended dose; in the field trial, cats were treated at label dose. All included cats were diagnosed positive for O. cynotis prior to treatment by otoscopy. The main variable of efficacy was a comparison of the number of live O. cynotis collected in both ear canals of all cats in the treated and control groups, one month after treatment. Efficacy of the novel topical formulation exceeded 97% in the three studies. These studies demonstrated the high effectiveness of NexGard® Combo in cats for the treatment of O. cynotis infestations. No health abnormalities were attributed to the treatment in any of the studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tielemans
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - Joe Prullage
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health, Missouri Research Center 6498 Jade Rd. Fulton 65251 MO USA
| | - Otsuki Tomoko
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Japan Co Ltd ThinkPark Tower, 2-1-1 Osaki Shinagawa-ku 141-6017 Tokyo Japan
| | - Julian Liebenberg
- Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd. P.O. Box 11186 Universitas 9321 Bloemfontein Republic of South Africa
| | | | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, ELGO-DIMITRA Campus Thermi 57001 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Despoina Kostopoulou
- Veterinary Research Institute, ELGO-DIMITRA Campus Thermi 57001 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Panagiota Ligda
- Veterinary Research Institute, ELGO-DIMITRA Campus Thermi 57001 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Michael Ulrich
- Cheri-Hill Kennel & Supply Inc. 17190 Polk Rd. Stanwood 49346 MI USA
| | - Martin Knaus
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center Walchenseestr. 8–12 83101 Rohrdorf Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prullage J, Bowman D, Ulrich M, Tielemans E. Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Echinococcus multilocularis infections in cats. Parasite 2021; 28:29. [PMID: 33812461 PMCID: PMC8019559 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats combining esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel, for the treatment of internal and external parasite infestations, including arthropods, nematodes and cestodes, was tested for efficacy against induced infections of Echinococcus multilocularis in cats, in two experimental studies. The two studies were performed in the United States with the same E. multilocularis isolate sourced locally. In each study, 20 cats were inoculated intra-gastrically with ~30,000 E. multilocularis protoscoleces three weeks before treatment, then ten cats were randomly allocated to a placebo control group or to the novel formulation treated group. Inoculated cats were treated topically once at the minimum recommended dose of the novel formulation, or with an identical volume of placebo. One week after treatment, cats were humanely euthanized for parasite recovery and count. The efficacy calculation was based on comparison of number of scoleces found in the control group and the novel formulation group. In the two control groups, E. multilocularis scoleces were found in five (range: 30-1025) and eight (range 2-345) cats, the geometric means inclusive of the ten cats per group were 8.9 and 28.8, respectively. In the two novel formulation-treated groups, none of the cats harbored any E. multilocularis scoleces, demonstrating 100% efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Prullage
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health, Missouri Research Center 6498 Jade Rd. Fulton 65251 MO USA
| | - Dwight Bowman
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca 14850 NY USA
| | - Michael Ulrich
- Cheri Hill Kennel and Supply Inc. 17190 Polk Rd. Stanwood 49346 MI USA
| | - Eric Tielemans
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gupta A, Baker C, Wang H, Targa N, Pfefferkorn A, Tielemans E. Target animal safety evaluation of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel for cats. Parasite 2021; 28:18. [PMID: 33812450 PMCID: PMC8019570 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety profile of NexGard® Combo, a novel topical product for cats combining esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel, for the treatment and prevention of internal and external parasites, was evaluated in kittens, in two margin-of-safety studies (Studies #1 and #2), and in an oral tolerance study (Study #3). In the margin of safety studies, kittens were dosed several times topically with multiples of the maximum exposure dose (1×): in Study #1, 3× and 5× doses four times at 2-week intervals; in Study #2, 1×, 3× and 5× doses six times at 4-week intervals. In Study #3, kittens were dosed orally once with a 1× dose. Furthermore, in Study #1, another group of kittens was dosed topically twice at a 4-week interval with a formulation of esafoxolaner as the sole active ingredient dosed at 23×. Physical examinations and clinical pathology analyses were performed throughout the studies, followed by necropsy and detailed histopathological evaluation in Studies #1 and #2. No significant treatment related effects were observed in the three studies, except for one occurrence of reversible neurological signs attributed to eprinomectin in one cat after the third 5× dose in Study #2, with clinical signs observed nine hours after dosing, pronounced for a few hours, significantly improved the next day, and absent 2 days after dosing. In conclusion, NexGard® Combo was demonstrated safe in kittens following repeated topical administrations and following oral ingestion, and very high topical doses of esafoxolaner were well tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Gupta
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 3239 Satellite Blvd Duluth 30096 GA USA (until 2020)
| | - Christine Baker
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 1730 Olympic Drive Athens 30601 GA USA
| | - Hailun Wang
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 3239 Satellite Blvd Duluth 30096 GA USA (until 2020)
| | - Norba Targa
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 1730 Olympic Drive Athens 30601 GA USA
| | | | - Eric Tielemans
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jacquot V, Buellet P, Letendre L, Tong W, Li H, Tielemans E. Pharmacokinetics of a novel endectoparasiticide topical formulation for cats, combining esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel. Parasite 2021; 28:19. [PMID: 33812451 PMCID: PMC8019567 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Esafoxolaner, a purified enantiomer of afoxolaner with insecticidal and acaricidal properties, is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel in NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats. The parasiticide potencies of topical esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel, are based on transcutaneous absorption, systemic distribution, and exposure of respective target parasites. For each compound, the pharmacokinetic profile, non-interference, dose linearity/proportionality after one administration, and the accumulation and time to reach a steady state after repeated monthly administrations of the novel formulation, were investigated. After one topical application of NexGard® Combo at the minimum recommended dose, the mean plasma concentration of esafoxolaner immediately reached (and remained at) a level supporting rapid onset and sustained efficacy against ectoparasites for at least 1 month. The mean Cmax, Tmax, T1/2, and the topical bioavailability of esafoxolaner were 130 ng/mL, 7.1 days, 21.7 days and 47.2%, respectively, and the plasma profiles of eprinomectin and praziquantel supported their known endoparasiticide properties. No relevant interference between the three compounds was observed. Dose proportionality was demonstrated for the three compounds over a range of 0.5× to 2× the minimum recommended dose. Steady state after repeated monthly administrations was reached by the second dose for praziquantel and by the fifth dose for esafoxolaner and eprinomectin. Accumulation was limited and drug plasma concentrations were maintained within a safe level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Jacquot
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - Prescillia Buellet
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - Laura Letendre
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 631 Route 1 North Brunswick NJ 08902 USA
| | - Wei Tong
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 631 Route 1 North Brunswick NJ 08902 USA
| | - Henry Li
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 631 Route 1 North Brunswick NJ 08902 USA
| | - Eric Tielemans
-
Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| |
Collapse
|