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Liang X, Wan D, Tan L, Liu H. Dynamic changes of endophytic bacteria in the bark and leaves of medicinal plant Eucommia ulmoides in different seasons. Microbiol Res 2024; 280:127567. [PMID: 38103467 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The bark and leaves of the Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (E. ulmoides) have good medicinal value. Studies show endophytes play important roles in host medicinal plant secondary metabolite synthesis, with season being a key influencing factor. Therefore, we used 16 S rRNA to detect endophytic bacteria (EB) in E. ulmoides bark and leaves collected in winter, spring, summer, and autumn, and analyzed the contents of major active components respectively. The results showed that the species diversity and richness of EB of the E. ulmoides bark were higher than those of leaves in all seasons except fall. Among them, the higher species diversity and richness were found in the E. ulmoides bark in winter and spring. EB community structure differed significantly between medicinal tissues and seasons. Concurrently, the bark and leaves of E. ulmoides showed abundant characteristic EB across seasons. For active components, geniposidic acid showed a significant positive correlation with EB diversity and richness, while the opposite was true for aucubin. Additionally, some dominant EB exhibited close correlations with the accumulation of active components. Delftia, enriched in autumn, correlated significantly positively with aucubin. Notably, the impact of the same EB genera on active components differed across medicinal tissues. For example, Sphingomonas, enriched in summer, correlated significantly positively with pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in the bark, but with aucubin in the leaves. In summary, EB of E. ulmoides was demonstrated high seasonal dynamics and tissue specificity, with seasonal characteristic EB like Delftia and Sphingomonas correlating with the accumulation of active components in medicinal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Liang
- Institute of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medications, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Institute of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medications, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Cili Meteorological Bureau, Zhangjiajie 410013, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China.
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Yang P, Zhang Q, Shen H, Bai X, Liu P, Zhang T. Research progress on the protective effects of aucubin in neurological diseases. Pharm Biol 2022; 60:1088-1094. [PMID: 35634723 PMCID: PMC9154787 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2074057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aucubin (AU), an iridoid glycoside that is one of the active constituents of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EUO) (Eucommiaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensively studied in the management of neurological diseases (NDs). However, a comprehensive review of its effects and mechanisms in this regard is currently not available. OBJECTIVE To compile the protective effects and mechanisms of AU in NDs and provide a basis for further research. METHODS We used 'aucubin' as the 'All Fields' or 'MeSH' in PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure without any limitation to search all relevant articles as comprehensively as possible; we selected the articles on AU treatment of NDs for summary. RESULTS Studies reviewed herein reported that AU improved the symptoms or prognosis of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, intracerebral haemorrhage, diabetic encephalopathy, epilepsy, anxiety and depression, and traumatic brain injury. The pharmacological mechanisms involved in repairing neuronal loss were postulated to include increasing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in the synapse, promoting differentiation of neural precursor cells into GABAergic neurons, providing antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammation activities, as well as enhancing autophagy and anti-apoptotic actions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of AU on some NDs have been confirmed. According to the pharmacological effects, AU is also highly likely to have protective effects on other NDs, which can be realized by further in vivo and in vitro basic research, and clinical trials. In the future, AU may be used for clinical prevention or treatment of patients with neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hengyan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Dong C, Shao Q, Ren Y, Ge W, Yao T, Hu H, Huang J, Liang Z, Han Y. Assembly, Core Microbiota, and Function of the Rhizosphere Soil and Bark Microbiota in Eucommia ulmoides. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:855317. [PMID: 35591983 PMCID: PMC9110929 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.855317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are inhabited by diverse microbes in every compartment, and which play an essential role in host growth and development, nutrient absorption, synthesis of secondary metabolites, and resistance to biological and abiotic stress. However, the ecological processes that manage microbiota assembly and the phenotypic and metabolic characteristics of the core microbiota of Eucommia ulmoides remain poorly explored. Here, we systematically evaluated the effects of genotypes, compartment niches, and environmental conditions (climate, soil nutrition, and secondary metabolites) on the assembly of rhizosphere soil and bark associated bacterial communities. In addition, phenotypic and metabolic characteristics of E. ulmoides core microbiota, and their relationship with dominant taxa, rare taxa, and pharmacologically active compounds were deciphered. Results suggested that microbiota assembly along the two compartments were predominantly shaped by the environment (especially pH, relative humidity, and geniposide acid) and not by host genotype or compartment niche. There were 690 shared genera in the rhizosphere soil and bark, and the bark microbiota was mainly derived from rhizosphere soil. Core microbiota of E. ulmoides was a highly interactive “hub” microbes connecting dominant and rare taxa, and its phenotypic characteristics had a selective effect on compartment niches. Metabolic functions of the core microbiota included ammonia oxidation, nitrogen fixation, and polyhydroxybutyrate storage, which are closely related to plant growth or metabolism. Moreover, some core taxa were also significantly correlated with three active compounds. These findings provide an important scientific basis for sustainable agricultural management based on the precise regulation of the rhizosphere soil and bark microbiota of E. ulmoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Dong
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiuyu Shao
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yulian Ren
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Analysis and Test Center, Huangshan University, Huangshan, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zongqi Liang
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanfeng Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Qi S, Zheng H, Chen C, Jiang H. Du-Zhong ( Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) Cortex Extract Alleviates Lead Acetate-Induced Bone Loss in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:172-180. [PMID: 29740803 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Du-Zhong cortex extract (DZCE) on lead acetate-induced bone loss in rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I (control) was provided with distilled water. Group II (PbAc) received 500 ppm lead acetate in drinking water for 60 days. Group III (PbAc+DZCE) received 500 ppm lead acetate in drinking water, and given intragastric DZCE (100 mg/kg body weight) for 60 days. Group IV (DZCE) was given intragastric DZCE (100 mg/kg body weight) for 60 days. The bone mineral density, serum biochemical markers, bone histomorphology, and bone marrow adipocyte parameters were analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, biochemistry, histomorphometry, and histopathology, respectively. The results showed that the lumbar spine and femur bone mineral density was significantly decreased in PbAc group compared with the control (P < 0.05); however, this decrease was inhibited by the intake of Du-Zhong cortex extract (P < 0.05, vs. PbAc group; P > 0.05, vs. control and DZCE group). Serum calcium and serum phosphorus in the PbAc+DZCE group were greater than that in the PbAc group (P < 0.05). The PbAc group had higher ALP, osteocalcin, and RANKL than the control group (P < 0.01), and they were significantly lower in the PbAc+DZCE group compared with the PbAc group. There were no significant differences of ALP, osteocalcin, and RANKL among the PbAc+DZCE, control, and DZCE groups (P > 0.05). Serum OPG and OPG/RANKL ration were significantly higher in the PbAc+DZCE group than that in the PbAc group (P < 0.05). The bone histomorphometric analyses showed that bone volume and trabecular thickness in the femoral trabecular bone were significantly lower in the PbAc group than that in the control group, but those were restored in the PbAc+DZCE groups. The bone marrow adipocyte number, percent adipocyte volume per tissue volume (AV/TV), and mean adipocyte diameter were significantly increased in the PbAc group compared to the control (P < 0.01), and those were restored in the PbAc+DZCE group. The differences of those parameters between PbAc+DZCE, DZCE, and the control group were not significant. The results above indicate that the Du-Zhong cortex extract has protective effects on both stimulation of bone formation and suppression of bone resorption in lead-exposed rats, therefore, Du-Zhong cortex extract has the potential to prevent or treat osteoporosis resulting from lead expose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- Vitamin D Research Institute, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongxing Zheng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China.
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China.
| | - Hai Jiang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China
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Wang DW, Li Y, Li ZQ. Identification of a male-specific Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and a Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) marker in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:857-64. [PMID: 21340018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12010857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is a dioecious species. Currently, there is no method to identify the sex during the juvenile stage that lasts a relatively long time. This study aimed to develop a sex specific Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) marker for Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Of a total of 64 AFLP primer combinations screened, primer combination E-ACA/M-CTT produced a 350 bp male-specific marker. This 350 bp AFLP marker was converted into a 247 bp Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) marker. Results suggest that the SCAR marker can be utilized for early sexual identification in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., and it will greatly facilitate future breeding programs.
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