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Khan AA, Khan SU, Ali MAS, Safi A, Gao Y, Luo J. Identifying impact of international trade and renewable energy consumption on environmental quality improvement and their role in global warming. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:33935-33944. [PMID: 35032271 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of proper research that highlights the impact of institutional quality (IQ) and renewable energy consumption (REC) on the carbon emission (CE). The significance of IQ and REC in the achievement of zero CE is highlighted in this research. The current research reports the effects of these important factors on the consumption-based carbon emissions in the G-7 countries from 1995 to 2018. Based on the outcome of the cointegration test, the long-run connection is recognized between IQ, REC, GDP, exports, imports, and consumption-based CE. The findings also validated that there exist significant decrease and increase in the CE in both the short and long run; for instance, IQ, REC, and exports decrease the CE, while imports and GDP increase the CE. The estimates of causality test showed that policies aimed at improving IQ, REC, GDP, exports, and imports have a significant impact on the CE. Consequently, based on these results, policymakers in the G-7 must prioritize IQ and REC to enhance environmental quality and attain carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Ahmad Khan
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Xianyang, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Rural Financial Research Center Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sufyan Ullah Khan
- College of International Cooperation, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, 710077, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Abu Sufyan Ali
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Adnan Safi
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuling Gao
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Xianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchao Luo
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Xianyang, People's Republic of China.
- Shaanxi Rural Financial Research Center Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
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Khan AA, Khan SU, Ali MAS, Safi A, Gao Y, Luo J. Identifying impact of international trade and renewable energy consumption on environmental quality improvement and their role in global warming. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:33935-33944. [PMID: 35032271 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18574-8/tables/7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of proper research that highlights the impact of institutional quality (IQ) and renewable energy consumption (REC) on the carbon emission (CE). The significance of IQ and REC in the achievement of zero CE is highlighted in this research. The current research reports the effects of these important factors on the consumption-based carbon emissions in the G-7 countries from 1995 to 2018. Based on the outcome of the cointegration test, the long-run connection is recognized between IQ, REC, GDP, exports, imports, and consumption-based CE. The findings also validated that there exist significant decrease and increase in the CE in both the short and long run; for instance, IQ, REC, and exports decrease the CE, while imports and GDP increase the CE. The estimates of causality test showed that policies aimed at improving IQ, REC, GDP, exports, and imports have a significant impact on the CE. Consequently, based on these results, policymakers in the G-7 must prioritize IQ and REC to enhance environmental quality and attain carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Ahmad Khan
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Xianyang, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Rural Financial Research Center Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sufyan Ullah Khan
- College of International Cooperation, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, 710077, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Abu Sufyan Ali
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Adnan Safi
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuling Gao
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Xianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchao Luo
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Xianyang, People's Republic of China.
- Shaanxi Rural Financial Research Center Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
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da Silva VDPR, de Oliveira SD, Braga CC, Brito JIB, de Sousa FDAS, de Holanda RM, Campos JHBC, de Souza EP, Braga ACR, Rodrigues Almeida RS, de Araújo LE. Virtual water and water self-sufficiency in agricultural and livestock products in Brazil. J Environ Manage 2016; 184:465-472. [PMID: 27760721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Virtual water trade is often considered a solution for restricted water availability in many regions of the world. Brazil is the world leader in the production and export of various agricultural and livestock products. The country is either a strong net importer or a strong net exporter of these products. The objective of this study is to determine the volume of virtual water contained in agricultural and livestock products imported/exported by Brazil from 1997 to 2012, and to define the water self-sufficiency index of agricultural and livestock products in Brazil. The indexes of water scarcity (WSI), water dependency (WDI) and water self-sufficiency (WSSI) were calculated for each Brazilian state. These indexes and the virtual water balance were calculated following the methodology developed by Chapagain and Hoekstra (2008) and Hoekstra and Hung (2005). The total water exports and imports embedded in agricultural and livestock products were 5.28 × 1010 and 1.22 × 1010 Gm3 yr-1, respectively, which results in positive virtual water balance of 4.05 × 1010 Gm3 yr-1. Brazil is either a strong net importer or a strong net exporter of agricultural and livestock products among the Mercosur countries. Brazil has a positive virtual water balance of 1.85 × 1010 Gm3 yr-1. The indexes used in this study reveal that Brazil is self-sufficient in food production, except for a few products such as wheat and rice. Horticultural products (tomato, onion, potato, cassava and garlic) make up a unique product group with negative virtual water balance in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonaly D de Oliveira
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Célia C Braga
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - José Ivaldo B Brito
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Romildo M de Holanda
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, R. Manuel de Medeiros, S/N - Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - João Hugo B C Campos
- Estadual University of Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Enio P de Souza
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Armando César R Braga
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, Brazil
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