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Hautle LL, Kurath J, Jellestad L, Lüönd AM, Wingenbach TSH, Frühholz S, Jansson B, Niedtfeld I, Pfaltz MC. Individuals with and without child maltreatment experiences are evaluated similarly and do not differ in facial affect display at zero- and first-acquaintance. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2023; 10:17. [PMID: 37210564 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-023-00222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with a history of child maltreatment (CM) are more often disliked, rejected and victimized compared to individuals without such experiences. However, contributing factors for these negative evaluations are so far unknown. OBJECTIVE Based on previous research on adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD), this preregistered study assessed whether negative evaluations of adults with CM experiences, in comparison to unexposed controls, are mediated by more negative and less positive facial affect display. Additionally, it was explored whether level of depression, severity of CM, social anxiety, social support, and rejection sensitivity have an influence on ratings. METHODS Forty adults with CM experiences (CM +) and 40 non-maltreated (CM-) adults were filmed for measurement of affect display and rated in likeability, trustworthiness, and cooperativeness by 100 independent raters after zero-acquaintance (no interaction) and 17 raters after first-acquaintance (short conversation). RESULTS The CM + and the CM- group were neither evaluated significantly different, nor showed significant differences in affect display. Contrasting previous research, higher levels of BPD symptoms predicted higher likeability ratings (p = .046), while complex post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms had no influence on ratings. CONCLUSIONS The non-significant effects could be attributed to an insufficient number of participants, as our sample size allowed us to detect effects with medium effect sizes (f2 = .16 for evaluation; f2 = .17 for affect display) with a power of .95. Moreover, aspects such as the presence of mental disorders (e.g., BPD or post-traumatic stress disorder), might have a stronger impact than CM per se. Future research should thus further explore conditions (e.g., presence of specific mental disorders) under which individuals with CM are affected by negative evaluations as well as factors that contribute to negative evaluations and problems in social relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara-Lynn Hautle
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Kurath
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Jellestad
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonia M Lüönd
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja S H Wingenbach
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Sascha Frühholz
- Department of Psychology, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Billy Jansson
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Inga Niedtfeld
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim at, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Monique C Pfaltz
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
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Abstract
Nonverbal communication is integral to the success of psychotherapy and facial expression is an important component of nonverbal communication. The SARS CoV-2 pandemic has caused alterations in how psychotherapy services are provided. In this paper, potential issues that may arise from conducting psychotherapy when both the patient and therapist are wearing masks are explored. These include higher likelihood of misidentifying facial expression, especially when expression is incongruent with body language, and when the lower face is more important for correct identification of emotion. These issues may be particularly problematic for patient populations for whom emotion recognition may be a problem at baseline, or for those more prone to biases in emotional recognition. Suggestions are made for therapists to consider when seeing patients in-person when masks are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayla Mitzkovitz
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Sheila M Dowd
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Cothran
- Office of Neuropsychology, Community Care Network, Inc., Munster, IN, USA
| | - Suzanne Musil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd, Ste. 400, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Cohen AS, Cowan T, Le TP, Schwartz EK, Kirkpatrick B, Raugh IM, Chapman HC, Strauss GP. Ambulatory digital phenotyping of blunted affect and alogia using objective facial and vocal analysis: Proof of concept. Schizophr Res 2020; 220:141-146. [PMID: 32247747 PMCID: PMC7306442 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Negative symptoms reflect one of the most debilitating aspects of one of the most debilitating diseases known to humankind. As yet, our treatments for negative symptoms are palliative at best and our understanding of their causes is relatively superficial. To address this, we are developing objective ambulatory tools for digitally phenotyping their severity which can be used outside the confines of the traditional clinical and research settings. The present study evaluated the feasibility, reliability and validity of ambulatory vocal acoustic and facial emotion expression analysis. Videos were provided by 25 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 27 nonpsychiatric controls using inexpensive, non-invasive ambulatory recording methods. Controls provided 411 video recordings, and patients provided 377 video recordings; an average of 15.22 and 14.50 per participant per group respectively. The vast majority (over 80%) of these videos were usable for analysis. An empirically-supported, limited-feature vocal (7 features) and facial (3 features) set was examined. Within participants, these features varied considerably over time, but showed moderate to good test-retest reliability in many cases once contextual factors (e.g., activity involved in at the time of testing) were accounted for. Vocal and facial features showed statistically significant convergence with a "gold standard" negative symptom measure. Ambulatory vocal/facial features were more strongly associated with engagement in social or work activities in patients than negative symptom ratings. These data support the use of ambulatory vocal/facial analytic technologies for digital phenotyping of these negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S. Cohen
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, 236 Audubon Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 70803
| | - Tovah Cowan
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, 236 Audubon Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 70803
| | - Thanh P. Le
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, 236 Audubon Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 70803
| | - Elana K. Schwartz
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, 236 Audubon Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 70803
| | - Brian Kirkpatrick
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 5190 Neil Rd #215, Reno, NV, USA, 89502
| | - Ian M. Raugh
- University of Georgia, Department of Psychology, 125 Baldwin St, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Hannah C. Chapman
- University of Georgia, Department of Psychology, 125 Baldwin St, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Gregory P. Strauss
- University of Georgia, Department of Psychology, 125 Baldwin St, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
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Giovagnoli AR, Smith ML. Investigating the social cognition phenotypes in children, adolescents, and adults with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 100:106438. [PMID: 31575474 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, clinical and neuropsychological assessment of patients with epilepsy has dedicated increasing attention to social cognition (SC), which is relevant to interpersonal relations, psychological well-being, and autonomy. The components of SC are supported by distinct but interlinked brain regions that may be affected by focal and generalized epilepsy. This special issue sought to describe some of the societal, clinical, and pathophysiological correlates of SC in patients with epilepsy and healthy subjects, highlighting some of the questions key to clinical care and research. This article is part of the Special Issue "Epilepsy and social cognition across the lifespan".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Giovagnoli
- Department of Diagnostics and Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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Wieckowski AT, Swain DM, Abbott AL, White SW. Task Dependency When Evaluating Association Between Facial Emotion Recognition and Facial Emotion Expression in Children with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:460-467. [PMID: 30173309 PMCID: PMC6365171 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The impact of facial emotion recognition (FER) deficits on facial emotion expression (FEE) during interaction with a novel computerized system was investigated in children with ASD (n = 20), in comparison to typically developing (TD) peers (n = 20). Although there was not clear evidence of impaired FEE, children with ASD showed more atypical FEE. In children with ASD, better FER predicted better FEE when the participants were asked to express a labeled emotion (t(18) = - 2.75, p = .01, d = 1.24). The stronger relationship between FER and FEE in children with ASD, relative to controls, suggests that intervention targeting social communication deficits might have maximal effect when both processes are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deanna M Swain
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - A Lynn Abbott
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Susan W White
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA
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Thoma P, Soria Bauser D, Suchan B. BESST (Bochum Emotional Stimulus Set)--a pilot validation study of a stimulus set containing emotional bodies and faces from frontal and averted views. Psychiatry Res 2013; 209:98-109. [PMID: 23219103 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article introduces the freely available Bochum Emotional Stimulus Set (BESST), which contains pictures of bodies and faces depicting either a neutral expression or one of the six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, and surprise), presented from two different perspectives (0° frontal view vs. camera averted by 45° to the left). The set comprises 565 frontal view and 564 averted view pictures of real-life bodies with masked facial expressions and 560 frontal and 560 averted view faces which were synthetically created using the FaceGen 3.5 Modeller. All stimuli were validated in terms of categorization accuracy and the perceived naturalness of the expression. Additionally, each facial stimulus was morphed into three age versions (20/40/60 years). The results show high recognition of the intended facial expressions, even under speeded forced-choice conditions, as corresponds to common experimental settings. The average naturalness ratings for the stimuli range between medium and high.
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