Svedružić ŽM, Popović K, Šendula-Jengić V. Decrease in catalytic capacity of γ-secretase can facilitate pathogenesis in sporadic and Familial Alzheimer's disease.
Mol Cell Neurosci 2015;
67:55-65. [PMID:
26051801 DOI:
10.1016/j.mcn.2015.06.002]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Alzheimer's disease can be a result of an age-induced disparity between increase in cellular metabolism of Aβ peptides and decrease in maximal activity of a membrane-embedded protease γ-secretase.
RESULTS
We compared activity of WT γ-secretase with the activity of 6 FAD mutants in its presenilin-1 component and 5 FAD mutants in Aβ-part of its APP substrate (Familial Alzheimer's disease). All 11 FAD mutations show linear correlation between the decrease in maximal activity and the clinically observed age-of-onset and age-of-death. Biphasic-inhibitors showed that a higher ratio between physiological Aβ-production and the maximal activity of γ-secretase can be observed in cells that can facilitate pathogenic changes in Aβ-products. For example, Aβ production in cells with WT γ-secretase is at 11% of its maximal activity, with delta-exon-9 mutant at 26%, while with M139V mutant is at 28% of the maximal activity. In the same conditions, G384A mutant is fully saturated and at its maximal activity. Similarly, Aβ production in cells with γ-secretase complex carrying Aph1AL component is 12% of its maximal activity, while in cells with Aph1B complex is 26% of its maximal activity. Similar to the cell-based studies, clinical studies of biphasic dose-response in plasma samples of 54 healthy individuals showed variable ratios between physiological Aβ production and the maximal activity of γ-secretase.
CONCLUSIONS
The increase in the ratio between physiological Aβ production and maximal activity of γ-secretase can be an early sign of pathogenic processes in enzyme-based, cell-based, and clinical studies of sporadic and Familiar Alzheimer's disease.
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