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Luo W, Wang Q, Zhang X, Gu D, Zhang W, Yuan C. Evaluation of the diagnostic value of FliD, a Helicobacter pylori flagellar protein. Jpn J Infect Dis 2022; 75:454-460. [PMID: 35354706 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2021.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel immunodominant antigens are urgently required for diagnosis and vaccine of Helicobacter pylori(HP). FliD, an important colonization factor was cloned and expressed(rFliD) to evaluate the levels of specific-IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in the serum of patients by ELISA. Rabbit anti-rFliD polyclonal antibody (pAb) was obtained by subcutaneous injections of rFliD. The rFliD-specific IFN-γ and IL-4 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD4+ T cells from human were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunospot and flow cytometry. We found that the levels of rFliD-specific IgG, IgM and IgA were significantly higher in HP-infected-patients compared with healthy controls. IgG, IgM and IgA had diagnostic sensitivities of 92.6, 89.8 and 83.2%; specificities of 91.1, 88.7 and 64.6%; and areas under the receiver operating curves of 0.97, 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. Furthermore, rFliD-pAb was used in the immunohistochemical analysis of gastritis and gastric cancer tissues from patients infected with HP. The levels of rFliD-specific IFN-γ and IL-4 were significantly elevated in HP-infected patients and exhibited a T helper type 1-dominant subtype. These findings indicate that rFliD exhibits high validity as a biomarker in HP diagnosis and may also be a potent antigen for vaccine design due to its high cellular and humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Dongmei Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
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2
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Nedeljković M, Postel S, Pierce BG, Sundberg EJ. Molecular Determinants of Filament Capping Proteins Required for the Formation of Functional Flagella in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101397. [PMID: 34680030 PMCID: PMC8533109 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial flagella are cell surface protein appendages that are critical for motility and pathogenesis. Flagellar filaments are tubular structures constructed from thousands of copies of the protein flagellin, or FliC, arranged in helical fashion. Individual unfolded FliC subunits traverse the filament pore and are folded and sorted into place with the assistance of the flagellar capping protein complex, an oligomer of the FliD protein. The FliD filament cap is a stool-like structure, with its D2 and D3 domains forming a flat head region, and its D1 domain leg-like structures extending perpendicularly from the head towards the inner core of the filament. Here, using an approach combining bacterial genetics, motility assays, electron microscopy and molecular modeling, we define, in numerous Gram-negative bacteria, which regions of FliD are critical for interaction with FliC subunits and result in the formation of functional flagella. Our data indicate that the D1 domain of FliD is its sole functionally important domain, and that its flexible coiled coil region comprised of helices at its extreme N- and C-termini controls compatibility with the FliC filament. FliD sequences from different bacterial species in the head region are well tolerated. Additionally, head domains can be replaced by small peptides and larger head domains from different species and still produce functional flagella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Nedeljković
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Sandra Postel
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Brian G. Pierce
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Eric J. Sundberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Nedeljković M, Sastre DE, Sundberg EJ. Bacterial Flagellar Filament: A Supramolecular Multifunctional Nanostructure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7521. [PMID: 34299141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial flagellum is a complex and dynamic nanomachine that propels bacteria through liquids. It consists of a basal body, a hook, and a long filament. The flagellar filament is composed of thousands of copies of the protein flagellin (FliC) arranged helically and ending with a filament cap composed of an oligomer of the protein FliD. The overall structure of the filament core is preserved across bacterial species, while the outer domains exhibit high variability, and in some cases are even completely absent. Flagellar assembly is a complex and energetically costly process triggered by environmental stimuli and, accordingly, highly regulated on transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. Apart from its role in locomotion, the filament is critically important in several other aspects of bacterial survival, reproduction and pathogenicity, such as adhesion to surfaces, secretion of virulence factors and formation of biofilms. Additionally, due to its ability to provoke potent immune responses, flagellins have a role as adjuvants in vaccine development. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge on the structure of flagellins, capping proteins and filaments, as well as their regulation and role during the colonization and infection of the host.
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Perruzza L, Jaconi S, Lombardo G, Pinna D, Strati F, Morone D, Seehusen F, Hu Y, Bajoria S, Xiong J, Kumru OS, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Piantanida R, Benigni F, Grassi F, Corti D, Pizzuto MS. Prophylactic Activity of Orally Administered FliD-Reactive Monoclonal SIgA Against Campylobacter Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1011. [PMID: 32582158 PMCID: PMC7296071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter infection is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and a major global health threat due to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. Currently, there are no vaccines approved to prevent campylobacteriosis, and rehydration is the main form of therapy. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is the main antibody class found in mucous secretions, including human milk, and serves as the first line of defense for the gastrointestinal epithelium against enteric pathogens. In this study, we describe the prophylactic activity of orally delivered recombinant SIgA generated from two human monoclonal antibodies (CAA1 and CCG4) isolated for their reactivity against the flagellar-capping protein FliD, which is essential for bacteria motility and highly conserved across Campylobacter species associated with severe enteritis. In an immunocompetent weaned mouse model, a single oral administration of FliD-reactive SIgA CAA1 or CCG4 at 2 h before infection significantly enhances Campylobacter clearance at early stages post-infection, reducing the levels of inflammation markers associated with epithelial damage and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells infiltration in the cecum lamina propria. Our data indicate that the prophylactic activity of CAA1 and CCG4 is not only dependent on the specificity to FliD but also on the use of the SIgA format, as the immunoglobulin G (IgG) versions of the same antibodies did not confer a comparable protective effect. Our work emphasizes the potential of FliD as a target for the development of vaccines and supports the concept that orally administered FliD-reactive SIgA can be developed to prevent or mitigate the severity of Campylobacter infections as well as the development of post-infection syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Perruzza
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gloria Lombardo
- Humabs BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Debora Pinna
- Humabs BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Strati
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Seehusen
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology (LAMP), Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Sakshi Bajoria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Ozan Selahattin Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Sangeeta Bagai Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - David Bernard Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Renato Piantanida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Cho SY, Song WS, Yoon SI. Crystal structure of the flagellar cap protein FliD from Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:652-658. [PMID: 31542231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a predator bacterial species of the Deltaproteobacteria class that requires flagellum-mediated motility to initiate the parasitization of other gram-negative bacteria. The flagellum is capped by FliD, which polymerizes flagellin into a flagellar filament. FliD has been reported to function as a species-specific oligomer, such as a tetramer, a pentamer, or a hexamer, in members of the Gammaproteobacteria class. However, the oligomeric state and structural features of FliD from bacterial species outside the Gammaproteobacteria class are unknown. Based on structural and biochemical analyses, we report here that B. bacteriovorus FliD (bbFliD) forms a tetramer. bbFliD tetramerizes in a circular head-to-tail arrangement by inserting the D2 domain of one subunit into the concave surface of the second subunit generated between the D2 and D3 domains as observed in Serratia marcescens FliD. However, bbFliD adopts a more compact and flat oligomeric structure, which exhibits a more extended tetramerization interface flanked by two additional surfaces due to different intersubunit and interdomain organizations as well as an elongated loop. In conclusion, FliD from B. bacteriovorus, which belongs to the Deltaproteobacteria class, also produces a tetramer similar to FliD from Gammaproteobacterial species but adopts a unique species-specific oligomeric structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Cho
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Seok Song
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Cho SY, Song WS, Oh HB, Kim HU, Jung HS, Yoon SI. Structural analysis of the flagellar capping protein FliD from Helicobacter pylori. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:98-104. [PMID: 31023530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic flagellated bacterium that infects the gastroduodenal mucosa and causes peptic ulcers in humans. FliD caps the distal end of the flagellar filament and is essential in filament growth. Moreover, FliD has been studied to diagnose and prevent H. pylori infection. Here, we report structure-based molecular studies of H. pylori FliD (hpFliD). A crystal structure of hpFliD at 2.6 Å resolution presents a four-domain (D2-D5) structure, where the D3 domain forms a central platform surrounded by the other three domains (D2, D4, and D5). hpFliD domains D2 and D3 structurally resemble those of FliD orthologs, whereas the D4 and D5 domains are exclusive to hpFliD. Moreover, our ELISA analysis using anti-H. pylori antibodies demonstrated that the hpFliD-specific D4 and D5 domains are highly antigenic compared to the D2 and D3 domains. Collectively, our structural and serological analyses underscore the structural role of hpFliD domains and provide a molecular basis for vaccine and diagnosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Cho
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Seok Song
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Byeol Oh
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ul Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Potocki W, Negri A, Peszyńska-Sularz G, Hinc K, Obuchowski M, Iwanicki A. IL-1 Fragment Modulates Immune Response Elicited by Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Spores Presenting an Antigen/Adjuvant Chimeric Protein. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:810-9. [PMID: 30178298 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal immunizations are convenient ways of vaccination, which do not require any trained personnel for administration. One of the major challenges for developing an effective mucosal vaccine is finding appropriate adjuvant. Bacillus subtilis endospores have been shown to help solving these obstacles while serving as a platform for presentation of both, antigens and adjuvants. In this study, we have successfully designed and constructed recombinant spores displaying an antigen/adjuvant chimeric protein. We have used a fragment of Clostridium difficile flagellar cap FliD protein as antigen and VQGEESNDK peptide, a fragment of human IL-1β, as adjuvant. Recombinant spores presenting FliD were able to elicit immune response in orally immunized mice which could be evaluated by detection of FliD-specific IgA antibodies in feces of immunized animals. Moreover, the presence of IL-1β fragment significantly changed characteristics of elicited immune response. Obtained results show that recombinant spores presenting an antigen/adjuvant chimeric protein exhibit both properties in mucosal immunization of mice. Moreover, IL-1β fragment could serve as valuable adjuvant in B. subtilis spore-based mucosal vaccines.
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Filomena A, Guenther A, Planatscher H, Topin F, She J, Formichella L, Terradot L, Gerhard M, Joos TO, Meyer H, Schneiderhan-Marra N. Performance of a Multiplex Serological Helicobacter pylori Assay on a Novel Microfluidic Assay Platform. Proteomes 2017; 5:E24. [PMID: 28972560 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) occurs in 50% of the world population, and is associated with the development of ulcer and gastric cancer. Serological diagnostic tests indicate an H. pylori infection by detecting antibodies directed against H. pylori proteins. In addition to line blots, multiplex assay platforms provide smart solutions for the simultaneous analysis of antibody responses towards several H. pylori proteins. We used seven H. pylori proteins (FliD, gGT, GroEL, HpaA, CagA, VacA, and HP0231) and an H. pylori lysate for the development of a multiplex serological assay on a novel microfluidic platform. The reaction limited binding regime in the microfluidic channels allows for a short incubation time of 35 min. The developed assay showed very high sensitivity (99%) and specificity (100%). Besides sensitivity and specificity, the technical validation (intra-assay CV = 3.7 ± 1.2% and inter-assay CV = 5.5 ± 1.2%) demonstrates that our assay is also a robust tool for the analysis of the H. pylori-specific antibody response. The integration of the virulence factors CagA and VacA allow for the assessment of the risk for gastric cancer development. The short assay time and the performance of the platform shows the potential for implementation of such assays in a clinical setting.
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Potocki W, Negri A, Peszyńska-Sularz G, Hinc K, Obuchowski M, Iwanicki A. The combination of recombinant and non-recombinant Bacillus subtilis spore display technology for presentation of antigen and adjuvant on single spore. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:151. [PMID: 28899372 PMCID: PMC5596941 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus subtilis spores can be used for presentation of heterologous proteins. Two main approaches have been developed, the recombinant one, requiring modification of bacterial genome to express a protein of interest as a fusion with spore-coat protein, and non-recombinant, based on the adsorption of a heterologous protein onto the spore. So far only single proteins have been displayed on the spore surface. RESULTS We have used a combined approach to adsorb and display FliD protein of Clostridium difficile on the surface of recombinant IL-2-presenting spores. Such spores presented FliD protein with efficiency comparable to FliD-adsorbed spores produced by wild-type 168 strain and elicited FliD-specific immune response in intranasally immunized mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that such dual display technology may be useful in creation of spores simultaneously presenting adjuvant and antigen molecules. Regarding the characteristics of elicited immune response it seems plausible that such recombinant IL-2-presenting spores with adsorbed FliD protein might be an interesting candidate for vaccine against infections with Clostridium difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Potocki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alessandro Negri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Hinc
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Obuchowski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Iwanicki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Cho SY, Song WS, Hong HJ, Lee GS, Kang SG, Ko HJ, Kim PH, Yoon SI. Tetrameric structure of the flagellar cap protein FliD from Serratia marcescens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:63-69. [PMID: 28527888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial motility is provided by the flagellum. FliD is located at the distal end of the flagellum and plays a key role in the insertion of each flagellin protein at the growing tip of the flagellar filament. Because FliD functions as an oligomer, the determination of the oligomeric state of FliD is critical to understanding the molecular mechanism of FliD-mediated flagellar growth. FliD has been shown to adopt a pentameric or a hexameric structure depending on the bacterial species. Here, we report another distinct oligomeric form of FliD based on structural and biochemical studies. The crystal structures of the D2 and D3 domains of Serratia marcescens FliD (smFliD) were determined in two crystal forms and together revealed that smFliD assembles into a tetrameric architecture that resembles a four-pointed star plate. smFliD tetramerization was also confirmed in solution by cross-linking experiments. Although smFliD oligomerizes in a head-to-tail orientation using a common primary binding interface between the D2 and D3' domains (the prime denotes the second subunit in the oligomer) similarly to other FliD orthologs, the smFliD tetramer diverges to present a unique secondary D2-D2' binding interface. Our structure-based comparative analysis of FliD suggests that bacteria have developed diverse species-specific oligomeric forms of FliD that range from tetramers to hexamers for flagellar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Cho
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Seok Song
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Hong
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Piekarska A, Pełka P, Peszyńska-Sularz G, Negri A, Hinc K, Obuchowski M, Iwanicki A. The choice of the anchoring protein influences the interaction of recombinant Bacillus spores with the immune system. Acta Biochim Pol 2017; 64:239-244. [PMID: 28399189 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2016_1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The technology of display of heterologous proteins on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores enables use of these structures as carriers of antigens for mucosal vaccination. Currently, there are no technical possibilities to predict whether a designed fusion will be efficiently displayed on the spore surface and how such recombinant spores will interact with cells of the immune system. In this study, we compared four variants of B. subtilis spores presenting a fragment of a FliD protein from Clostridium difficile in fusion with CotB, CotC, CotG or CotZ spore coat proteins. We show that these spores promote their own phagocytosis and activate both, the J774 macrophages and JAWSII dendritic cells of murine cell lines. Moreover, we used these spores for mucosal immunization of mice. We conclude that the observed effects vary with the type of displayed FliD-spore coat protein fusion and seem to be mostly independent of its abundance and localization in the spore coat structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Piekarska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Pełka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Alessandro Negri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Hinc
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Obuchowski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Iwanicki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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12
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Song WS, Cho SY, Hong HJ, Park SC, Yoon SI. Self-Oligomerizing Structure of the Flagellar Cap Protein FliD and Its Implication in Filament Assembly. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:847-857. [PMID: 28179186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
FliD is a self-oligomerizing structural protein that caps the growing end of the bacterial flagellar filament. FliD also plays a key role in the flagellar system by continuously adding a new flagellin protein to the tip of the filament. To structurally characterize FliD oligomerization and to provide a FliD-mediated flagellin polymerization mechanism, we have determined the crystal structures of FliD proteins from Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ecFliD and stFliD, respectively). ecFliD consists of three domains (D1, D2, and D3) and forms a hexamer plate of the D2 and D3 domains that resembles a six-pointed star with legs consisting of the D1 domain. In contrast, the D2 and D3 domains of stFliD assemble into a pentamer as a five-pointed star plate. Despite their distinct oligomeric states, ecFliD and stFliD engage a common molecular surface for oligomerization. FliD also features interdomain and intersubunit flexibility, suggesting that FliD reorganizes its domains and adjacent subunits depending on the FliD binding partner. The similarity of the FliD shape to flagellin and the structural dynamics of FliD led us to propose a FliD-catalyzed filament elongation mechanism. In this model, FliD occupies a position in place of a nascent flagellin until the flagellin reaches the growing end of the filament, and then, FliD moves aside to repeat the positional replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Seok Song
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Cho
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Hong
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Cheol Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Freitag CM, Strijbis K, van Putten JPM. Host cell binding of the flagellar tip protein of Campylobacter jejuni. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 28008697 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flagella are nanofibers that drive bacterial movement. The filaments are generally composed of thousands of tightly packed flagellin subunits with a terminal cap protein, named FliD. Here, we report that the FliD protein of the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni binds to host cells. Live-cell imaging and confocal microscopy showed initial contact of the bacteria with epithelial cells via the flagella tip. Recombinant FliD protein bound to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Search for the FliD binding site on the host cell using cells with defined glycosylation defects indicated glycosaminoglycans as a putative target. Heparinase treatment of wild type cells and an excess of soluble heparin abolished FliD binding. Binding assays showed direct and specific binding of FliD to heparin. Addition of an excess of purified FliD or heparin reduced the attachment of viable C. jejuni to the host cells. The host cell binding domain of FliD was mapped to the central region of the protein. Overall, our results indicate that the C. jejuni flagellar tip protein FliD acts as an attachment factor that interacts with cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Freitag
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Strijbis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P M van Putten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Khalifeh Gholi M, Kalali B, Formichella L, Göttner G, Shamsipour F, Zarnani AH, Hosseini M, Busch DH, Shirazi MH, Gerhard M. Helicobacter pylori FliD protein is a highly sensitive and specific marker for serologic diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 303:618-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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