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Nakum R, Ghosh AK, Ranjan Jali B, Sahoo SK. Fluorescent ovalbumin-functionalized gold nanocluster as a highly sensitive and selective sensor for relay detection of salicylaldehyde, Hg(II) and folic acid. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 313:124143. [PMID: 38471309 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective relay-based scheme for the detection of salicylaldehyde, Hg2+, and folic acid (FA) has been demonstrated using fluorescent ovalbumin functionalized gold nanoclusters (OVA-AuNCs, λem = 655 nm) in this article. The OVA-AuNCs were conjugated to salicylaldehyde via an imine linkage to form Salic_OVA-AuNCs conjugate. The molecular docking study reveals that multiple functional groups and amino acid residues are involved in the interaction between salicylaldehyde and the OVA-AuNCs. The coupling of salicylaldehyde with OVA-AuNCs results in fluorescence quenching at 655 nm and concomitant formation of an emission band at 500 nm, which have leveraged to detect salicylaldehyde down to 2.02 µM. Following that, the Salic_OVA-AuNCs has been used for the detection of Hg2+ and FA. Several processes, such as internal charge transfer (ICT), photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and metallophilic interactions, are involved between the Salic_OVA-AuNCs nanoprobe and the analytes, which allowed to detect Hg2+ and FA down to 0.13 nM and 0.11 nM, respectively. The Salic_OVA-AuNCs nanoprobe has an additional naked-eye utility when applied to paper-strip sensing strategy for Hg2+ and FA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajanee Nakum
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute Technology, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Arup K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute Technology, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Bigyan Ranjan Jali
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute Technology, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India.
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Guo TY, Duncan CL, Li HW, Zhang CX, Mocerino M, Wu Y. Calixarene-based supramolecular assembly with fluorescent gold-nanoclusters for highly selective determination of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 302:123127. [PMID: 37453384 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study developed an efficient fluorescent approach, based on a supramolecular assembly between gold nanoclusters and calix[4]arene derivatives (C4A-Ds), to detect sever pollutant of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). For that, a series of C4A-Ds with different chain lengths and positive charges at the wider rim were designed and synthesized. Cytidine-5' phosphate protected gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@CMP) were then assembled with calix[4]arene (LC4AP) to form AuNCs/LC4AP assembly, leading to 8-fold luminescence enhancement via the AIEE effect. However, further binding with PFOS reconstituted the as-formed assembly hrough a competitive effect, generating a fluorescence quenching. Particularly, the linear fluorescence response of AuNCs/LC4AP to PFOS realized a highly sensitive determination of the pollutant PFOS in a wide range (2.0-100 μM). In addition, the developed method successfully detected PFOS in pool water near a fire drill field, being good enough for the practical PFOS determination. The calixarene mediated method, based on the fluorescence "on-off" strategy of metal nanoclusters, is sensitive, rapid-responsive, economical, particularly, suitable for the PFOS determination in practice. It takes full advantage of the molecular recognition and self-assembly of artificial macrocyclic host molecules as a promising strategy for the PFOS determination, and will be highlight to develop new detection methods for PFOS and other poisonous compounds in environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2 Liutiao Road, Changchun 130023, PR China
| | - Caitlin L Duncan
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2 Liutiao Road, Changchun 130023, PR China
| | - Chun-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2 Liutiao Road, Changchun 130023, PR China
| | - Mauro Mocerino
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia.
| | - Yuqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2 Liutiao Road, Changchun 130023, PR China.
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Kvakova M, Stroffekova K, Stofilova J, Girman V, Bomba A, Antalik M. Toxicological evaluation of fluorescent 11-mercaptoundecanoic gold nanoclusters as promising label-free bioimaging probes in different cancer cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105140. [PMID: 33705896 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to advancement in nanomaterials and increasing use of functionalized gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) in different biomedical applications, better understanding of their potential cytotoxicity is necessary. Interactions of ultra-small fluorescent AuNCs with mammalian cells remains up to this day poorly understood, therefore, cytotoxic evaluation of thoroughly characterized ca. 2.5 nm spherical water-soluble 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid coated AuNCs (AuNC@M) with diverse fluorescent properties in variety of mammalian cancer cell lines was performed. Cell viability was assessed by traditional MTT assay and xCELLigence real time cell analyzer. Cell apoptosis was evaluated via an Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) assay. Confocal fluorescence imaging confirmed that tested AuNC@M entered live cells and were homogeneously distributed in their cytoplasm. The results suggested that the cytotoxicity of tested nanoclusters was very low, or near the control level at concentrations 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL in the cell lines after 24 h exposition. The purity of tested AuNC@M had no relevant effect on cell viability and no differences were observed after 24 h in our study. The low toxicity toward cancer cells further strengthens our view that AuNC@M are promising label-free fluorescent probes for bio-labelling and bio-imaging, or they can even serve as platforms for antitumor drug delivery systems.
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Akshath US, Bhatt P, Singh SA. Differential Interaction of Metal Ions with Gold Nanoclusters and Application in Detection of Cobalt and Cadmium. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:537-545. [PMID: 32185584 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interest in biosensing platforms using protein fluorescent gold nanoclusters (FGNCs) has grown significantly in the past due to the unique optical properties they offer. This study investigates the interaction of metal ions with FGNCs, and the structural modifications brought about by the interaction resulting in fluorescence changes of the cluster and its successful application in the detection of two heavy metals, cobalt and cadmium. The binding of cobalt and cadmium to FGNCs synthesized from BSA significantly altered the secondary structure of the protein, causing a change in its hydrophobicity. It also resulted in a change in fluorescence properties of FGNCs by intersystem crossing (ICT) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Cobalt and cadmium could successfully be detected in the range of 5-165 ng/mL (R2 = 0.95) and 20-1000 ng/ mL (R2 = 0.91), respectively, with appreciable sensitivity. The principle was also applied for the detection of Vitamin B12 in commercially available ampoules, validating the proposed method. Graphical Abstract Proposed detection method of cadmium and cobalt using FGNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchangi Satyaprasad Akshath
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
- Microbiology & Fermentation Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Praveena Bhatt
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
- Microbiology & Fermentation Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India.
| | - Sridevi Annapurna Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
- Department of Protein Chemistry & Technology, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, 570020, India
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Russell BA, Jachimska B, Chen Y. Polyallylamine hydrochloride coating enhances the fluorescence emission of Human Serum Albumin encapsulated gold nanoclusters. J Photochem Photobiol B 2018; 187:131-135. [PMID: 30145463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein encapsulated gold nanoclusters have received much attention due to the possibility of using them as a non-toxic fluorescent probe or marker for biomedical applications, however one major disadvantage currently is their low brightness and quantum yield in comparison to currently used fluorescent markers. A method of increasing the fluorescence emission of Human Serum Albumin (HSA) encapsulated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) via a Polyallylamide hydrochloride (PAH) coating is described. PAH molecules with a molecular weight of ~17,500 Da were found to enhance the fluorescence emission of HSA-AuNCs by 3-fold when the protein/polymer concentration ratio is 2:1 in solution. Interestingly, the fluorescence lifetime of the AuNCs was found to decrease while the native tryptophan (TRP) fluorescence lifetime also decreased during the fluorescence emission intensity enhancement caused by the PAH binding. Coinciding with the decrease in fluorescence lifetime, the zeta potential of the system was observed to be zero during maximum fluorescence intensity enhancement, causing the formation of large aggregates. These results suggest that PAH binds to the HSA-AuNCs acting as a linker; causing aggregation and rigidification, which results in a decrease in separation between native TRP of HSA and AuNCs; improving Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and increasing the fluorescence emission intensity. These findings are critical to the development of brighter protein encapsulated AuNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Allan Russell
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom.
| | - Barbara Jachimska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow PL-30329, Poland
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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Bothra S, Babu LT, Paira P, Ashok Kumar SK, Kumar R, Sahoo SK. A biomimetic approach to conjugate vitamin B 6 cofactor with the lysozyme cocooned fluorescent AuNCs and its application in turn-on sensing of zinc(II) in environmental and biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:201-10. [PMID: 29098339 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This communication focusses on the synthesis of red fluorescent lysozyme cocooned gold nanoclusters (Lyso-AuNCs) that have been successfully applied for the selective and specific recognition of the vitamin B6 cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP). The red fluorescence of Lyso-AuNCs showed remarkable color change to yellow upon conjugation with PLP due to the formation of a Schiff base between the free -NH2 present in the lysozyme and the -CHO group of PLP. The developed PLP conjugated Lyso-AuNCs (PLP_Lyso-AuNCs) was applied for the selective turn-on recognition of Zn2+ ions in aqueous medium. The yellow fluorescence of PLP_Lyso-AuNCs exhibited significant enhancement at 475 nm in the presence of Zn2+ producing bluish-green fluorescence attributed to the complexation-induced aggregation of nanoclusters. The nanoprobe exhibits nanomolar limit of detection for Zn2+ ions (39.2 nM) and the practicality of the nanoprobe was validated in various environmental water samples and biological plasma, urine, and beetroot extract, with fairly good recovery percent. Also, the system was successfully implemented for the intracellular detection and monitoring of Zn2+ in live HeLa cells. Graphical abstract Applications of red emitting lysozyme cocooned gold nanoclusters (Lyso-AuNCs) for the selective recognition of the vitamin B6 cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) and the conjugated nano-assembly PLP_Lyso-AuNCs for turn-on detection of Zn2+ ions in various environmental and biological samples.
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Zheng Y, Lai L, Liu W, Jiang H, Wang X. Recent advances in biomedical applications of fluorescent gold nanoclusters. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 242:1-16. [PMID: 28223074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are emerging as novel fluorescent materials and have attracted more and more attention in the field of biolabeling, biosensing, bioimaging and targeted cancer treatment because of their unusual physicochemical properties, such as long fluorescence lifetime, ultrasmall size, large Stokes shift, strong photoluminescence, as well as excellent biocompatibility and photostability. Recently, significant efforts have been committed to the preparation, functionalization and biomedical application studies of fluorescent AuNCs. In this review, we have summarized the strategies for preparation and surface functionalization of fluorescent AuNCs in the past several years, and highlighted recent advances in the biomedical applications of the relevant fluorescent AuNCs. Based on these observations, we also give a discussion on the current problems and future developments of the fluorescent AuNCs for biomedical applications.
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