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Hussain ASM, Renno WM, Sadek HL, Kayali NM, Al-Salem A, Rao MS, Khan KM. Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor protects degenerating spinal neurons, enhances nerve regeneration and functional recovery in sciatic nerve crush injury model. Neuropharmacology 2017; 128:231-243. [PMID: 29054367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase-B (MAOB), a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), is an enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of amines. MAOB is proposed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neurotoxins. The present study was designed to outline the effects of the MAOB inhibitor (MAOB-I) on neuroprotection of spinal neurons, regeneration of sciatic nerve fibers, and recovery of sensory-motor functions in the sciatic nerve crush injury model. Male Wistar rats (4-months-old) were assigned to i) Naïve (N), ii) Sham (S), iii) Sciatic nerve crush and treated with saline (CRUSH + SALINE) and iv) Sciatic nerve crush and treated with MAOB inhibitor (CRUSH + MAOB-I) groups (n = 10/group). In groups iii and iv, the crush injury was produced by crushing the sciatic nerve followed by treatment with saline or MAOB-I (Selegiline® 2.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 10 days. Behavioral tests were conducted from week 1 to week 6. At the end of the study, sciatic nerve and lumbar spinal cord were examined by immunohistochemistry, light and electron microscopy. MAOB-I treatment showed significant improvement in sensory and motor functions compared to saline treatment (p < 0.05-0.001) in injured nerves. The morphological study showed a significantly increased number of nerve fibers in sciatic nerve distal to the site of injury (p < 0.05), with better myelination pattern in CRUSH + MAOB-I treated group compared to CRUSH + SALINE group. Spinal cord ventral horns showed a significant increase in the number of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons in the MAOB-I treated group compared to Saline treated group (p < 0.01). MAOB-I has a significant potential for protecting the degenerating spinal cord neurons and enhancing the regeneration of injured sciatic nerve fibers following crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waleed M Renno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Hanaa L Sadek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Noura M Kayali
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Aseel Al-Salem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Muddanna S Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Khalid M Khan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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Lee J, Shim J, Kim S, Roh H, Namkoong S. Changes in movements of neck, trunk, and hip according to height and foot position during sit-to-stand. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:2717-2721. [PMID: 27821921 PMCID: PMC5088112 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in movements of the neck, trunk
and hip according to foot position while performing sit-to-stand (STS) exercises from a
height-fixed chair. [Subjects and Methods] The study subjects consisted of 22 university
students (12 males and 10 females). STS was conducted using a height-fixed chair at three
positions: symmetric foot position, right foot position, and left foot position. Through
three-dimensional motion analyzer, the movements of the neck, trunk, and hip were
analyzed. [Results] While performing STS, the height was more influential on changed in
angle of the neck, trunk, and hip. Moreover, when the height of the chair and the height
of the subject were not matched correctly, more effective STS could be achieved when both
of feet were laid symmetrically rather than at the other two positions. [Conclusion] It is
necessary to employ an appropriate chair height that is matched with the height of the
patients when therapy using STS is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungbin Lee
- Major of Physical Therapy, Graduated School, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jemyung Shim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoong Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyolyun Roh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Namkoong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
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Casabona A, Leonardi G, Aimola E, La Grua G, Polizzi CM, Cioni M, Valle MS. Specificity of foot configuration during bipedal stance in ballet dancers. Gait Posture 2016; 46:91-7. [PMID: 27131184 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Learning highly specialized upright postures may be of benefit for more common as well as for novel stances. In this study, we asked whether this generalization occurs with foot configurations previously trained or depends on a generic increase in balance difficulty. We also explored the possibility that the benefit may concern not only the level of postural performance but also the structural organization of the upright standing. METHODS Ten elite professional ballet dancers were compared to ten untrained subjects, measuring the motion of the center of pressure (COP) across a set of five stances with different foot configurations. The balance stability was measured computing the area, the sway path, and the root mean square of the COP motion, whereas the structure of the postural control was assessed by compute approximate entropy, fractal dimension and the mean power frequency. The foot position included common and challenging stances, with the level of difficulty changed across the configurations. Among these conditions, only one foot configuration was familiar to the dancers. RESULTS Statistically significant differences between the two groups, for all the parameters, were observed only for the stance with the foot position familiar to the dancers. Stability and structural parameters exhibited comparable differences. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the benefit from classical ballet is limited to a specific foot configuration, regardless of the level of stance difficulty or the component of postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Casabona
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Gait and Posture Analysis Laboratory, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Program, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppa Leonardi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ettore Aimola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni La Grua
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Maria Polizzi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Cioni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Gait and Posture Analysis Laboratory, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Program, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Valle
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Gait and Posture Analysis Laboratory, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Schneiders A, Gregory K, Karas S, Mündermann A. Effect of foot position on balance ability in single-leg stance with and without visual feedback. J Biomech 2016; 49:1969-72. [PMID: 27156374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the natural foot position and to quantify the effect of foot position on balance performance during single-leg stance. Forty healthy subjects participated in this study (age, 18 to 32 years; 24 female). Subjects were asked to perform single-leg balance trials on a balance force plate in their self-selected and four predetermined foot positions with their eyes open and closed. Sway distance, area and velocity were computed for each trial. There was significant interactions between visual conditions and foot position for all sway parameters (P<.001). With the eyes closed, sway parameters were greatest for the self-selected foot position compared to the other foot positions (P<.005). No differences in sway parameters between foot positions were detected for the eyes-open condition. Sway distance, area and velocity were 94%, 400% and 89% greater, respectively, for the eyes-closed than the eyes-open condition. Self-selected foot placement did not produce the most stable single-leg stance. The results of this study indicate that foot position is not important for protocols for assessing balance or for rehabilitation exercises using eyes-open conditions and that assessment protocols and rehabilitation exercises should clearly specify the foot position when using eyes-closed protocols.
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Han J, Kim Y, Kim K. Effects of foot position of the nonparetic side during sit-to-stand training on postural balance in patients with stroke. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:2625-7. [PMID: 26356809 PMCID: PMC4563329 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] We aimed to investigate postural balance after sit-to-stand (STS) training with
different nonparetic foot positions in stroke patients. [Subjects] Thirty-six subjects who
experienced a stroke (21 males, 15 females) participated and were divided into the
symmetric foot position (SYMM), asymmetric foot position (ASYM), and step foot (STEP)
groups. [Methods] Each group performed repetitive sit-to-stand training 5 times a week for
6 weeks. The timed up-and-go test (TUG), functional reach test (FRT), and F-mat system
correcting the anterior/posterior (A-P) and medial/lateral (M-L) distance of the center of
pressure (COP) were used to measure the static and dynamic postural balance pre- and
postintervention. ANCOVA was used to analyze differences among groups, and preintervention
variables were used as covariates. [Results] The TUG, FRT, and A-P and M-L distance of the
COP in the ASYM and STEP groups were significantly decreased after intervention compared
with the SYMM group. All parameters in the STEP group were lower than those in the ASYM
group, without a significant difference. [Conclusion] The asymmetric foot position during
STS is a good intervention to improve the static and dynamic postural balance in stroke
patients. Especially, using a step to change the foot position is effective in improving
STS performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintae Han
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Science, Kyungsung University, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate school, Daegu University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University, Republic of Korea
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Bonnet CT, Cherraf S, Szaffarczyk S, Rougier PR. The contribution of body weight distribution and center of pressure location in the control of mediolateral stance. J Biomech 2014; 47:1603-8. [PMID: 24679709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the mediolateral control of upright stance in 16 healthy, young adults. The model analyzed the body weight distribution and center of pressure location mechanisms under three stance width conditions (feet close, under standard condition, and apart). Our first objective was to discuss some methodological requirements to investigate the contribution of both mechanisms by means of two platforms. It is proposed that both the amplitude contribution (in variability analyses) and active contribution (in cross-correlation analyses) need to be studied distinctively. These analyses may be concerned with the strength and the degree of active contributions, respectively. Based on this theoretical proposition, we expected and found that the amplitude contribution of both mechanisms was higher and lower in wide and narrow stances compared with that in the standard stance, respectively. Indeed, the closer the two reaction forces, the lower their mechanical contribution. As expected, the active contribution of both mechanisms was significantly lower and higher in wide and narrow stances, respectively. Indeed, the further the feet apart, the less active both mechanisms needed to be to control mediolateral stance. Overall, only the center of pressure location mechanism really changed its significant contribution to control mediolateral stance under the three conditions. The result is important because this mechanism is known to be secondary, weaker than the body weight distribution mechanism to control mediolateral stance. In practical terms, these findings may explain why the mediolateral variability of center of pressure displacement was significantly higher in narrow stance but not lower in wide stance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédrick T Bonnet
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, Université Lille 2, CNRS, Lille, France.
| | - Sarah Cherraf
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, Université Lille 2, CNRS, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Szaffarczyk
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, Université Lille 2, CNRS, Lille, France
| | - Patrice R Rougier
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l׳Exercice, EA 4338, UFR CISM, Université de Savoie, Campus Scientifique de Savoie-Technolac, F-73376 Le Bourget du Lac, France
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