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Gouda MA, Abu-Hashem AA, Ameen TA, Althagafi SH, Hamama WS, Khalil AGM. Pyrimido[5,4-c]quinolines: Synthesis from 3,4-Di-functionallized Quinoline, Reactivity and Biological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301968. [PMID: 38194695 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Quinoline and pyrimidine moieties are ubiquitous components in both natural and synthetic compounds, showcasing diverse applications. The fusion of these well-known structures into hybrid molecules has garnered attention due to their intriguing biological properties. Particularly in the field of medicinal chemistry, numerous studies in the last decade have focused on pyrimido[5,4-c]quinoline ring systems (PyQs5,4-c). This review elucidates the synthesis of PyQs5,4-c and their derivatives using 3,4-difunctionalized quinoline as a key starting material. The preparation of PyQs5,4-c involves a series of chemical transformations, including the Friedländer, Ullmann and Biginelli reaction, Vilsmeier-Haack formylation, Suzuki coupling, and a one-pot three-component reaction. These synthetic routes not only offer access to diverse PyQs5,4-c derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa A Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, 30002, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ameen A Abu-Hashem
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit), National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tahah A Ameen
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif H Althagafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, P.O.Box 1988, Albaha, 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa S Hamama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Galil M Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Eckroat TJ, Manross DL, Cowan SC. Merged Tacrine-Based, Multitarget-Directed Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors 2015-Present: Synthesis and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5965. [PMID: 32825138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is an important biochemical enzyme in that it controls acetylcholine-mediated neuronal transmission in the central nervous system, contains a unique structure with two binding sites connected by a gorge region, and it has historically been the main pharmacological target for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Given the large projected increase in Alzheimer's disease cases in the coming decades and its complex, multifactorial nature, new drugs that target multiple aspects of the disease at once are needed. Tacrine, the first acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used clinically but withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity concerns, remains an important starting point in research for the development of multitarget-directed acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. This review highlights tacrine-based, multitarget-directed acetylcholinesterase inhibitors published in the literature since 2015 with a specific focus on merged compounds (i.e., compounds where tacrine and a second pharmacophore show significant overlap in structure). The synthesis of these compounds from readily available starting materials is discussed, along with acetylcholinesterase inhibition data, relative to tacrine, and structure activity relationships. Where applicable, molecular modeling, to elucidate key enzyme-inhibitor interactions, and secondary biological activity is highlighted. Of the numerous compounds identified, there is a subset with promising preliminary screening results, which should inspire further development and future research in this field.
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Nainwal LM, Tasneem S, Akhtar W, Verma G, Khan MF, Parvez S, Shaquiquzzaman M, Akhter M, Alam MM. Green recipes to quinoline: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:121-170. [PMID: 30594028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The quinoline core possesses a vast number of biological activities such as anticancer, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antitubercular and antileishmanial. The conventional classical synthetic methods require the use of expensive and harsh conditions such as high temperature. Currently the scientific communities are searching new methodology to eliminate the use of chemicals, solvents and catalysts, which are hazardous to human health as well as to environment. This review provides a concise overview of new dimensions of green chemistry approaches in designing quinoline scaffold that would encourage the researchers towards green chemistry as well as future application of these greener, non-toxic, environment friendly methods in designing quinoline scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Mohan Nainwal
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sharba Tasneem
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Garima Verma
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammed Faraz Khan
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Alshareef HF, Mohamed HAEH, Salaheldin AM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Tacrine Analogues under Microwave Irradiation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:732-738. [PMID: 28768927 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Efficient routes to various kinds of heterocycles incorporating the p-halophenyl moiety have been synthesized. Different pyrrole derivatives have been synthesized, as well, by Thorpe-Ziegler cyclization. Therefore, we synthesized different analogues of tacrine by Friedländer reaction of o-amino nitriles (pyrazolo, furano and pyrrolo) with different cycloalkanones. The use of microwave irradiation leads to shorter production times and high product conversion. These synthesized compounds were biologically evaluated by Ellman's test on acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba Abd El Hady Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Alqura University.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girl's), Al-Azhar University
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Le ZG, Liang M, Chen ZS, Zhang SH, Xie ZB. Ionic Liquid as an Efficient Medium for the Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives via α-Chymotrypsin-Catalyzed Friedländer Condensation. Molecules 2017; 22:E762. [PMID: 28481323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient, convenient, and eco-friendly biocatalytic approach was developed for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives via the α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed Friedländer reaction. Interestingly, α-chymotrypsin exhibited higher catalytic activity in an ionic liquid (IL) aqueous solution as compared to that observed in our previous relevant study, which was conducted using an organic solvent, and a series of substrates gave similar excellent yields at lower reaction temperature and under reduced enzyme-loading conditions.
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Gao W, Lin G, Li Y, Tao X, Liu R, Sun L. An efficient access to the synthesis of novel 12-phenylbenzo[6,7]oxepino[3,4-b]quinolin-13(6H)-one derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1849-57. [PMID: 23209522 PMCID: PMC3511022 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient access to the tetracyclic-fused quinoline systems, 12-phenylbenzo[6,7]oxepino[3,4-b]quinolin-13(6H)-one derivatives 4a–l, is described, involving the intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction of 2-(phenoxymethyl)-4-phenylquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives 3a–l aided by the treatment with PPA (polyphosphoric acid) or Eaton’s reagent. The required starting compound (2) was obtained by Friedländer reaction of 2-aminobenzophenone (1) with 4-chloroethylacetoacetate by using CAN (cerium ammonium nitrate, 10 mol %) as catalyst at room temperature. The substrates 3a–l were prepared through one-pot reaction of ethyl 2-(chloromethyl)-4-phenylquinoline-3-carboxylate (2) and substituted phenols. Our developed strategy, involving a three-step route, offers easy access to tetracyclic-fused quinoline systems in short reaction times, and the products are obtained in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Gao
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121000, China
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