1
|
Martin CC, de Oliveira SMFN, Costa JFDR, Baccili CC, Silva BT, Hurley DJ, Gomes V. Influence of feeding fresh colostrum from the dam or frozen colostrum from a pool on indicator gut microbes and the inflammatory response in neonatal calves. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:355-365. [PMID: 33172617 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of cells from colostrum to modulate the intestinal microbial colonization, the activity of the inflammatory response, and for their influence on the development of diarrheal disease in calves. Twenty calves were distributed into two groups: COL+ (n = 10) receiving fresh whole colostrum; COL- (n = 10) receiving pooled frozen colostrum, containing no viable cells. All assessments were made before colostrum intake (D0), the next day (D2), and weekly on the 7th (D7), 14th (D14), 21st (D21) and 28th (D28) day of age. Diarrhea was assessed using a fecal score, and the systemic inflammatory status was assessed using a combination of temperature, anemia, total serum iron level, total haptoglobin concentration and the need for systemic antimicrobial treatment. The number of indicator bacteria present in the fecal population was estimated using qPCR. However, COL- calves presented more frequent signs of systemic inflammatory response including, fever at D7 (P = 0.011); indicator haptoglobin levels on D7 and D14, and lower levels of iron on D7, D14. Anemia was detected more often in the COL- calves on D21 (P = 0.043) and D28 (P = 0.016). COL- calves had a 1.66 greater chance of having elevated haptoglobin and a 1.8 greater chance of needing treatment with antimicrobials than COL+. A lower number of DNA copies of Clostridium perfringens were detected in COL+ calves on D2 (P = 0.088) and D7 (P = 0.040). Similarly, a low number of DNA copies was observed for Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus spp. (P = 0.012) in the fecal samples of COL+ calves on D7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cecilia Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.
| | - Sylvia Marquart Fontes Novo de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Juliana França Dos Reis Costa
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Camila Costa Baccili
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Bruno Toledo Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - David John Hurley
- Food Animal Health and Management Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Viviani Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Costa JFDR, Novo SMF, Baccili CC, Sobreira NM, Hurley DJ, Gomes V. Innate immune response in neonate Holstein heifer calves fed fresh or frozen colostrum. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:54-60. [PMID: 28135671 PMCID: PMC7125648 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of maternal cells from colostrum on the development and function of the innate immune response in Holstein calves. Calves were divided into 2 groups: COL + (n = 10) received fresh colostrum; and COL − (n = 10) which received frozen colostrum containing no viable cells. The calves were assessed before colostrum intake (D0), 48 h of age (D2), and weekly from D7 up to D28. Blood samples were collected for analysis of the distribution of leukocytes, cellular phenotype and in vitro granulocyte function. COL + calves tended to have a high number of neutrophils on D7 (p = 0.073). COL − calves took up significantly more Escherichia coli (measured as MFI) on D7 (p = 0.034). Endogenous production of radicals (as percentage of cells) tended to be higher in COL − calves on D14 (p = 0.061). The intensity of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by granulocytes tended to be higher in COL + calves on D21 (p = 0.094). Overall, ROS production (percent of cells, and MFI) induced by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were higher in COL + calves than COL − calves. It was our observation that COL + calves developed an innate immune response more quickly and efficiently after natural exposure to pathogens after birth. In contrast, COL − calves mounted an innate response more slowly that yielded a persistent inflammatory response after natural exposure to these bacteria agents. This research provides evidence of an advantage to the calf of receiving fresh colostrum on the development and function of the innate immune system. Calves fed whole fresh colostrum (COL +) developed a fast and efficient innate immune response. Calves fed frozen colostrum (COL −) colostrum had a slow and persistent inflammatory response after natural challenge. COL + calves demonstrates advantages in relation to innate immune response against pathogens causing diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana França Dos Reis Costa
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sylvia Marquart Fontes Novo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Costa Baccili
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Natália Meirelles Sobreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - David John Hurley
- Food Animal Health and Management Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Viviani Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|