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Bordbar M, Heggy E, Jun C, Bateni SM, Kim D, Moghaddam HK, Rezaie F. Comparative study for coastal aquifer vulnerability assessment using deep learning and metaheuristic algorithms. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:24235-24249. [PMID: 38436856 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Coastal aquifer vulnerability assessment (CAVA) studies are essential for mitigating the effects of seawater intrusion (SWI) worldwide. In this research, the vulnerability of the coastal aquifer in the Lahijan region of northwest Iran was investigated. A vulnerability map (VM) was created applying hydrogeological parameters derived from the original GALDIT model (OGM). The significance of OGM parameters was assessed using the mean decrease accuracy (MDA) method, with the current state of SWI emerging as the most crucial factor for evaluating vulnerability. To optimize GALDIT weights, we introduced the biogeography-based optimization (BBO) and gray wolf optimization (GWO) techniques to obtain to hybrid OGM-BBO and OGM-GWO models, respectively. Despite considerable research focused on enhancing CAVA models, efforts to modify the weights and rates of OGM parameters by incorporating deep learning algorithms remain scarce. Hence, a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was applied to produce the VM. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for OGM-BBO, OGM-GWO, and VMCNN were 0.794, 0.835, and 0.982, respectively. According to the CNN-based VM, 41% of the aquifer displayed very high and high vulnerability to SWI, concentrated primarily along the coastline. Additionally, 32% of the aquifer exhibited very low and low vulnerability to SWI, predominantly in the southern and southwestern regions. The proposed model can be extended to evaluate the vulnerability of various coastal aquifers to SWI, thereby assisting land use planers and policymakers in identifying at-risk areas. Moreover, deep-learning-based approaches can help clarify the associations between aquifer vulnerability and contamination resulting from SWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Bordbar
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Essam Heggy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ming Hsieh, University of Southern California, 3737 Watt Way, PHE 502, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0271, USA
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Changhyun Jun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayed M Bateni
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering and Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Dongkyun Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hongik University, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Fatemeh Rezaie
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering and Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
- Geoscience Data Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), 124 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Geophysical Exploration, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Lyu P, Song J, Yin Z, Wu J, Wu J. Integrated SEAWAT model and GALDIT method for dynamic vulnerability assessment of coastal aquifer to seawater intrusion. Sci Total Environ 2024; 925:171740. [PMID: 38494017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Seawater intrusion (SI) has become a global issue exacerbated by intense anthropogenic activities and climate change. It is imperative to seek a synergistic strategy to reconcile environmental and economic benefits in the coastal regions. However, the intricate SI process and data scarcity present formidable challenges in dynamically assessing the coastal groundwater vulnerability. To address the challenge, this study proposed a novel framework that integrates the existing vulnerability assessment method (GALDIT) and variable-density groundwater model (SEAWAT). The future scenarios from 2019 to 2050 were investigated monthly under climate change (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5) and human activities (80 % and 50 % of current groundwater abstraction) in Longkou city, China, a typical coastal region subject to extensive SI, compared with the status quo in 2018. Results indicated that by 2050, the high vulnerability area, is in a narrow buffer within 1.2 km from the shoreline and exhibits minor changes while the salt concentration here increased by about 2700 mg/L compared with the current situation. The moderate vulnerability zone expands by about 30 km2, and the low vulnerable area decreases proportionally. The groundwater over-abstraction is identified as a more critical factor compared to the regional precipitation under climate change. When groundwater abstraction is reduced to 80 % of the current scale, the expansion rate of the moderate-vulnerable area slows down significantly, with an expansion area of only 18 km2 by 2050. Further reducing groundwater abstraction to 50 % of the current scale shifts the evolution trend of the medium-vulnerable area from expansion to contraction, with the area shrinking by about 11 km2 by 2050. The integrated vulnerability assessment framework can be applied not only in the similar coastal regions but also provides insights into other natural hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Ziyue Yin
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jichun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Nadiri AA, Bordbar M, Nikoo MR, Silabi LSS, Senapathi V, Xiao Y. Assessing vulnerability of coastal aquifer to seawater intrusion using Convolutional Neural Network. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 197:115669. [PMID: 37922752 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined coastal aquifer vulnerability to seawater intrusion (SWI) in the Shiramin area in northwest Iran. Here, six types of hydrogeological data layers existing in the traditional GALDIT framework (TGF) were used to build one vulnerability map. Moreover, a modified traditional GALDIT framework (mod-TGF) was prepared by eliminating the data layer of aquifer type from the GALDIT model and adding the data layers of aquifer media and well density. To the best of our knowledge, there is a research gap to improve the TGF using deep learning algorithms. Therefore, this research adopted the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as a new deep learning algorithm to improve the mod-TGF framework for assessing the coastal aquifer vulnerability. Based on the findings, the CNN model could increase the performance of the mod-TGF by >30 %. This research can be a reference for further aquifer vulnerability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Allah Nadiri
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Boulevard, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran; Medical Geology and Environment Research Center, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Boulevard, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran; Institute of Environment, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran; Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mojgan Bordbar
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Caserta, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Nikoo
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Leila Sadat Seyyed Silabi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Boulevard, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran.
| | | | - Yong Xiao
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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Hosseini M, Kerachian R. Optimal redesign of coastal groundwater quality monitoring networks under uncertainty: application of the theory of belief functions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:59701-59718. [PMID: 37012570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new methodology for the optimal redesign of water quality monitoring networks in coastal aquifers. The GALDIT index is used to evaluate the extent and magnitude of seawater intrusion (SWI) in coastal aquifers. The weights of the GALDIT parameters are optimized using the genetic algorithm (GA). A SEAWAT-based simulation model, a spatiotemporal Kriging interpolation technique, and an artificial neural network surrogate model are then implemented to simulate total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration in coastal aquifers. To obtain more precise estimations, an ensemble meta-model is developed using the Dempster-Shafer's belief function theory (D-ST) to combine the results obtained from the three individual simulation models. The combined meta-model is then used for calculating more precise TDS concentration. Some plausible scenarios are defined for variation of water elevation and water salinity at the coastline to incorporate uncertainty through the concept of value of information (VOI). Finally, the potential wells with the highest values of information are taken into consideration to redesign coastal groundwater quality monitoring network under uncertainty. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated by applying it to the Qom-Kahak aquifer, north-central Iran, which is threatened by SWI. At first, the individual and ensemble simulation models are developed and validated. Then, several scenarios are defined regarding the plausible changes in TDS concentration and water level at the coastline. In the next step, the scenarios, the GALDIT-GA vulnerability map, and the VOI concept are used for redesigning the existing monitoring network. The results illustrate that the revised groundwater quality monitoring network containing 10 new sampling locations outperforms the existing one based on the VOI criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Hosseini
- School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kerachian
- School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Guo X, Yang Z, Li C, Xiong H, Ma C. Combining the classic vulnerability index and affinity propagation clustering algorithm to assess the intrinsic aquifer vulnerability of coastal aquifers on an integrated scale. Environ Res 2023; 217:114877. [PMID: 36423670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the northern plains of Laizhou City, groundwater quality suffers dual threats from anthropogenic activities: seawater intrusion caused by overextraction of fresh groundwater, and vertical infiltration of agricultural pollutants. Groundwater management requires a comprehensive analysis of both horizontal and vertical pollution in coastal aquifers. In this paper, Intrinsic Aquifer Vulnerability (IAV) was assessed on an integrated scale using two classic IAV models (DRASTIC and GALDIT) separately based on a GIS database. Hydrogeological parameters from two classic IAV models were clustered using affinity propagation (AP) clustering algorithm, and silhouette coefficients were used to determine the optimal classification result. In our application, the objects of the AP algorithm are 3320 units divided from the whole study area with 500 m*500 m precision. A comparison of all four outputs in AP-DRASTIC shows that the clustering results of the 4-classification yielded the best silhouette coefficient of 0.406 out of all four. Cluster 4, which comprises 21% of the area, had relatively low level of groundwater contamination, despite its high level of vulnerability as indicated by the classic DRASTIC index. In the second level of vulnerability Cluster 3, 53.8% of all water samples were found to be contaminated, indicating a greater level of nitrate contamination. With respect to AP-GALDIT, the silhouette coefficient for result 7-classification reaches the highest value of 0.343. There was a high level of vulnerability identified in Clusters 2, 4 and 5 (34.7% of the study area) relating to the classic GALDIT index. The concentration of chloride in all water samples obtained in these areas was extremely high. Groundwater management should be addressed by AP-DRASTIC results on anthropogenic activity/contamination control, and by AP-GALDIT results on groundwater extraction limitation. Overall, this method allows for the evaluation of IAV in other coastal areas on an integrated scale, facilitating the development of groundwater management strategies based on a better understanding of the aquifer's essential characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhaoxian Yang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Hanxiang Xiong
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chuanming Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Wei A, Li D, Dai F, Lang X, Ma B, Wang Y. An optimization method coupled the index-overlay method with entropy weighting model to assess seawater intrusion vulnerability. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:36142-36156. [PMID: 33686600 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seawater intrusion poses a serious threat to coastal areas around the world. The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive approach to assess the vulnerability of saltwater intrusion. The powerful decision-making technique GALDIT was firstly selected, and its inherent weights are the origin of the subjective method. The entropy method was then integrated to reasonably determine the objective weight of this basic structure. Furthermore, to balance conflicts between subjective and objective methods, game theory was intruded upon. The result of the sensitivity analysis showed a correlation coefficient between the effective weights and theoretical weights of the normal method, entropy theory, and game theory of 0.66, 0.89, and 0.94, respectively. Meanwhile, the best correlation coefficient between the vulnerability indices and the values of 38 monitoring wells was obtained by the game model. Finally, the optimal weights of G, A, L, D, I, and T were 0.096, 0.153, 0.220, 0.320, 0.150, and 0.061, respectively. The study area was finally classified into regions with high, moderate, and low vulnerability, accounting for 11.4%, 24.9%, and 63.7% of the area. The paper included that the optimization of GALDIT through game theory gives a more accurate assessment of the groundwater vulnerability to seawater intrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Wei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Geological Resources and Environment Monitoring and Protection, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
- Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Duo Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
- Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Fenggang Dai
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
- Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Xujuan Lang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
- Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Baiheng Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Geological Resources and Environment Monitoring and Protection, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China.
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Geological Resources and Environment Monitoring and Protection, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
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Khosravi K, Bordbar M, Paryani S, Saco PM, Kazakis N. New hybrid-based approach for improving the accuracy of coastal aquifer vulnerability assessment maps. Sci Total Environ 2021; 767:145416. [PMID: 33636786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to excessive exploitation, groundwater resources of coastal regions are exposed to seawater intrusion. Therefore, vulnerability assessments are essential for the quantitative and qualitative management of these resources. The GALDIT model is the most widely used approach for coastal aquifer vulnerability assessment, but suffers from subjectivity of the identification of rates and weights. This study aimes at developing a new hybrid framework for improving the accuracy of coastal aquifer vulnerability assessment using various statistical, metaheuristic, and Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) methods to improve the GALDIT model. The Gharesoo-Gorgan Rood coastal aquifer in northern Iran is used as study site. In order to meet this aim, the Differential Evolution (DE) and Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) metaheuristic algorithms were employed to optimize the GALDIT weights. In addition, a novel MADM method, named Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA), and the bivariate statistical method called statistical index (SI) were used to modify the GALDIT ratings. Finally, correlation coefficients between the maps obtained from each method and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) as an indicator of seawater intrusion were computed to evaluate the models' prediction power. Correlation coefficients of 0.72, 0.75, 0.76 and 0.78 were obtained for the GALDITSWARA-BBO, GALDITSI-BBO, GALDITSWARA-DE and GALDITSI-DE models, respectively. The results from the GALDITSI-DE model outperformed all other models at improving the accuracy of the vulnerability assessment. Moreover, the statistical-metaheuristic method yielded more accurate results than SWARA-metaheuristic hybrid models. The vulnerability map of the studied region indicates that the northwestern and western areas are very highly vulnerable. According to GALDITSI-DE model, 42%, 17%, 18% and 22% of the aquifer areas respectively have a low, medium, high and very high vulnerability to seawater intrusion. The research findings could be applied by regional authorities to manage and protect groundwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khabat Khosravi
- Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bordbar
- Department of GIS/RS, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | - Sina Paryani
- Department of GIS/RS, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | - Patricia M Saco
- Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Water Security and Environmental Sustainability, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Nerantzis Kazakis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Geology, Lab. of Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Rani NNVS, Satyanarayana ANV, Bhaskaran PK, Rice L, Kantamaneni K. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability using integrated remote sensing and GIS techniques for the West Bengal coast, India. J Contam Hydrol 2021; 238:103760. [PMID: 33445121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater in the coastal districts of West Bengal, India is highly susceptible to various factors such as over-pumping, variations in rainfall, lower elevation and risk due to sea level rise. In addition to these factors, tropical cyclone induced storm surge and saltwater intrusion also induce potential risks to the quality of the coastal aquifers. There are several knowledge gaps, as many of these factors have not previously been systematically and rigorously analysed; furthermore, up-to-date information is either unavailable or insufficient. Accordingly, the present study analysed the groundwater vulnerability during the pre- and post-monsoon months for the period from 2001 to 2010 at three main coastal districts of West Bengal: East Midnapore, South 24 Parganas and North 24 Parganas (administrative regions). The GALDIT index-based model was employed to assess salt-water intrusion into the groundwater using Geographic Information System (GIS). Spatial distribution maps were also generated to identify highly vulnerable groundwater locations. Map removal and single parameter sensitivity analyses were performed to understand the sensitivity of the parameters. The study reveals that the depth of ground-water levels for the three districts increased and also the rainfall exerts a significant effect on the groundwater depth. The chemical constituents TDS and chloride contents in groundwater during the period 2004 to 2010 were analysed. The average TDS range values for pre- and post-monsoon seasons were observed to vary in the range between 100 and 3874 mg/l and 83-1929 mg/l respectively. Reports indicate that, groundwater in the area is highly saturated with iron containing minerals like Fe(OH)3, goethite, and hematite and is also moderately saturated with the calcite, chalcedony, dolomite and quartz, whereas under-saturated with anhydrite and gypsum. The implications of the research points to the urgent need for remedial action and appropriate responses at policy-level to protect groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N V Sudha Rani
- IDP in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay 400076, India
| | - A N V Satyanarayana
- Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - Prasad Kumar Bhaskaran
- Department of Ocean Engineering, Naval Architecture Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India.
| | - Louis Rice
- Department of Architecture and the Built Environment, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1Q, United Kingdom
| | - Komali Kantamaneni
- Warsash School of Maritime Science and Engineering, East Park Terrace, Solent University, Southampton SO14 OYN, United Kingdom
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Bordbar M, Neshat A, Javadi S. A new hybrid framework for optimization and modification of groundwater vulnerability in coastal aquifer. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:21808-21827. [PMID: 31134540 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effects of pollution caused by seawater intrusion into groundwater in coastal aquifers cannot be ignored. Identification of areas exposed to this pollution by preparing vulnerability maps is one way of preventing aquifer pollution. In its primary section, the present study compared three different index ranking methods of DRASTIC, GALDIT, and SINTACS to select an optimal model for determining vulnerability of the Gharesoo-Gorgan Rood coastal aquifer. Initial results led to selection of the GALDIT model for vulnerability assessment of the selected coastal aquifer. Since this type of models use a rating system, the model must be modified and optimized in various regions to show the vulnerable areas more accurately. In the next step, and for the first time, the ratings in this index were modified using the Wilcoxon nonparametric statistical method and its weights were optimized employing particle swarm optimization (PSO) and single-parameter sensitivity analysis (SPSA) methods. Finally, in order to select the best hybrid model, the total dissolved solids (TDS) parameter was used to determine correlation coefficients. Results indicated that the GALDT model modified by the Wilcoxon-PSO method has the strongest correlation (0.77) with the TDS parameter. Moreover, the correlations of the Wilcoxon-GALDIT and Wilcoxon-SPSA models were 0.66 and 0.73, respectively. Final results of the Wilcoxon-PSO model revealed that the northwestern and western areas of the study region needed considerable protection against pollution. In general, we can conclude that by combining statistical, mathematical, and metaheuristic methods, we can obtain more accurate results for preparing vulnerability maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Bordbar
- Department of GIS/RS, Faculty of Natural resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aminreza Neshat
- Department of GIS/RS, Faculty of Natural resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saman Javadi
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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