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Ikuta N, Fonseca ASK, Fernando FS, Filho TF, Martins NRDS, Lunge VR. Emergence and molecular characterization of the avian infectious bronchitis virus GI-23 in commercial broiler farms from South America. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3167-3172. [PMID: 36197069 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the etiological agent of a highly contagious disease in the poultry industry. The spike protein (S1 subunit) is responsible for the molecular diversity of the virus and many genetic types, and lineages are described worldwide. IBV genetic type I-strain 23 (GI-23) has spread across different continents (including Asia, Europe and Africa), causing multiple outbreaks and severe economic losses throughout the poultry industry in the last decade. The present study aimed to report the emergence and molecular characterization of GI-23 in South Brazil, being detected for the first time in South America. Eighty-two broiler flocks presenting clinical suspicion of infectious bronchitis were selected for this study. Tracheal, renal and intestinal samples were collected for IBV detection and genotyping. A total of 57 flocks were positive for IBV by generic RT-qPCR targeting 5' untranslated region and 31 also tested positive for GI-11 by a specific RT-qPCR targeting S1 gene for this lineage. The remaining 26 IBV-positive samples were genotyped by partial and one by complete S1 gene/protein sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all of them clustered into a specific branch of the GI-23. S1 protein sequence analysis evidenced that all Brazilian GI-23 IBVs had the two characteristic amino acid substitutions A93T and S/H118P/L, but other changes were also observed, such as S37F (n = 21; 81%), G117S (n = 17, 65%), P122S (n = 16; 61%) and W71R (n = 9; 35%). This study brings new insights into the epidemiology of the IBV GI-23 in the world, highlighting its emergence and molecular characteristics in Brazil, South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilo Ikuta
- Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tobias Fernandes Filho
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health do Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Brazil.,Laboratório de Diagnóstico em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Caxias do Sul - UCS, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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Abdel-Sabour MA, Rohaim MA, Salman OJA, Abodalal SE, Mohammad FF, Madkour MS, Abdel-Wanis NA, Munir M. Immunogenicity and efficacy of a bivalent vaccine against infectious bronchitis virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 77:101670. [PMID: 33992864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious viral disease and is responsible for considerable economic losses in the poultry industry, worldwide. To mitigate the IB-associated losses, multiple vaccines are being applied in the sector with variable successes and thus necessitating the development of a potent vaccine to protect against the IB in the poultry. In the present study, we investigated a bivalent live attenuated vaccine consisting of IB virus (IBV) strain H120 (GI-1 lineage) and D274 (GI-12 lineage) to evaluate its protection against heterologous variant of IBV (GI-23 lineage) in chicken. Protection efficacy was evaluated based on the serology, clinical signs, survival rates, tracheal and kidney histopathology and the viral shedding. Results demonstrated that administering live H120 and D274 (named here Classivar®) vaccine in one day-old and 14 days-old provided 100 % protection. We observed a significant increase in the mean antibody titers, reduced virus shedding, and ameliorated histopathology lesions compared to routinely used vaccination regimes. These results revealed that usage of different IBV vaccines combination can successfully ameliorate the clinical outcome and pathology in vaccinated chicks especially after booster vaccination regime using Classivar®. In conclusions, our data indicate that Classivar® vaccine is safe in chicks and may serve as an effective vaccine against the threat posed by commonly circulating IBV strains in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Abdel-Sabour
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo, 11381, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Rohaim
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Owais J A Salman
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo, 11381, Egypt
| | - Samah E Abodalal
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo, 11381, Egypt
| | - Faten F Mohammad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohammad S Madkour
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo, 11381, Egypt
| | - Nabil A Abdel-Wanis
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo, 11381, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK.
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Lisowska A, Sajewicz-Krukowska J, Fusaro A, Pikula A, Domanska-Blicharz K. First characterization of a Middle-East GI-23 lineage (Var2-like) of infectious bronchitis virus in Europe. Virus Res 2017; 242:43-48. [PMID: 28923510 PMCID: PMC7114549 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Variants assigned to GI-23 lineage of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), formerly called Var2, have circulated for nearly 20 years only in countries of the Middle East. Strains of this lineage were first identified in Israel in 1998. More severe form of the virus appeared in 2006, when the second wave of Var2 epidemic has spread over the Middle East region. The present study describes the detection and detailed genetic characterization of the GI-23 viruses in Poland. The full-length genome of gammaCoV/Ck/Poland/G052/2016 strain consists of 27596 nucleotides and has typical organization for IBV (UTR5'-POl-S-3a-3b-E-M-4b-4c-5a-5b-N-UTR3'). The phylogenetic analysis of the complete sequence showed that it formed separate branch distinct from all of the full-length genome sequences analyzed in this study. Recombination analyses with other gammacoronaviruses revealed that Polish GI-23 strain may originate from recombination events and potential donors of build-in sequences are IBV of GI-1, GI-13 and G-19 lineages (Mass-, 793B- and QX-like strains, respectively). The 1a, 1b and N genes were involved in these recombination events. The source of virus introduction to the chicken population in Poland is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | | | - Alice Fusaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Pikula
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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