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Ghorbanzadeh F, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Dashti MR, Hashemi M, Zarghami N. Advanced nano-therapeutic delivery of metformin: potential anti-cancer effect against human colon cancer cells through inhibition of GPR75 expression. Med Oncol 2023; 40:255. [PMID: 37515667 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The high incidence rate coupled with significant mortality makes colorectal cancer one of the most prevalent and devastating cancers worldwide. Research is currently underway to explore new forms of treatment that could potentially maximize treatment outcomes while minimizing the side effects associated with conventional chemotherapy. Metformin, a natural biguanide drug, has anti-cancer properties that can inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. However, due to its short half-life and low bioavailability, the efficacy of Metf as an anti-cancer agent is limited. The purpose of this research is to assess the potency of PEGylated niosomes as a nano-delivery system for Metf, with the aim of increasing its anti-cancer effects on CaCo2 colorectal cancer cells through the effect on the expression of genes, including GPR75, hTERT, Bax, Bcl2, and Cyclin D1. Metf-loaded niosomal NPs (N-Metf) were synthesized using the thin-film hydration method and then characterized using SEM, FTIR, AFM, and DLS techniques. The release pattern of the drug from the nanoparticles (NPS) was determined using the dialysis membrane method. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of the metformin-loaded PEGylated niosome on the CaCo2 cell line was evaluated by the MTT test. Additionally, an apoptosis assay was conducted to assess the effect of free Metf and Metf-loaded NPS on the programmed death of the CaCo2 cells, and the impact on the cell cycle was studied through a cell cycle test. Finally, the expression levels of hTERT, Cyclin D1, BCL2, GPR75, and BAX genes were assessed in the presence of free Metf and Metf-loaded NPs by RT-PCR. Characterization experiments showed successful loading of metformin into PEGylated niosomes. The results of cytotoxicity evaluation showed that Metf-NPs had more cytotoxicity than free Metf in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, nuclear fragmentation and the percentage of apoptotic cells induced by Metf-NPs were significantly higher than those induced by free Metf. Additionally, Metf-NPs were found to induce more cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 checkpoint than free Metf did. Compared with Metf-treated cells, the mRNA expression levels of GPR75, Cyclin D1, and hTERT were significantly changed in cells treated with Metf-NPs. Ultimately, it is hypothesized the nano-encapsulation of Metf into PEGylated niosomal NPs could be a worthwhile drug delivery system to enhance its effectiveness in treating colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Dashti
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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2
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Speidell A, Walton S, Campbell LA, Tomassoni-Ardori F, Tessarollo L, Corbo C, Taraballi F, Mocchetti I. Mice deficient for G-protein-coupled receptor 75 display altered presynaptic structural protein expression and disrupted fear conditioning recall. J Neurochem 2023; 165:827-841. [PMID: 36978267 PMCID: PMC10330141 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are considered "orphan receptors" because the information on their known ligands is incomplete. Yet, these receptors are important targets to characterize, as the discovery of their ligands may lead to potential new therapies. GPR75 was recently deorphanized because at least two ligands appear to bind to it, the chemokine CCL5 and the eicosanoid 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Recent reports suggest that GPR75 may play a role in regulating insulin secretion and obesity. However, little is known about the function of this receptor in the brain. To study the function of GPR75, we have generated a knockout (KO) mouse model of this receptor and we evaluated the role that this receptor plays in the adult hippocampus by an array of histological, proteomic, and behavioral endpoints. Using RNAscope® technology, we identified GPR75 puncta in several Rbfox3-/NeuN-positive cells in the hippocampus, suggesting that this receptor has a neuronal expression. Proteomic analysis of the hippocampus in 3-month-old GPR75 KO animals revealed that several markers of synapses, including synapsin I and II are downregulated compared with wild type (WT). To examine the functional consequence of this down-regulation, WT and GPR75 KO mice were tested on a hippocampal-dependent behavioral task. Both contextual memory and anxiety-like behaviors were significantly altered in GPR75 KO, suggesting that GPR75 plays a role in hippocampal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Speidell
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Washington, DC
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Sofia Walton
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Washington, DC
| | - Lee A Campbell
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Claudia Corbo
- School of Medicine and Surgery Nanomedicine Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Washington, DC
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
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Pascale JV, Wolf A, Kadish Y, Diegisser D, Kulaprathazhe MM, Yemane D, Ali S, Kim N, Baruch DE, Yahaya MAF, Dirice E, Adebesin AM, Falck JR, Schwartzman ML, Garcia V. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE): Bioactions, receptors, vascular function, cardiometabolic disease and beyond. Adv Pharmacol 2023; 97:229-255. [PMID: 37236760 PMCID: PMC10683332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Vascular function is dynamically regulated and dependent on a bevy of cell types and factors that work in concert across the vasculature. The vasoactive eicosanoid, 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a key player in this system influencing the sensitivity of the vasculature to constrictor stimuli, regulating endothelial function, and influencing the renin angiotensin system (RAS), as well as being a driver of vascular remodeling independent of blood pressure elevations. Several of these bioactions are accomplished through the ligand-receptor pairing between 20-HETE and its high-affinity receptor, GPR75. This 20-HETE axis is at the root of various vascular pathologies and processes including ischemia induced angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, septic shock, hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and cardiometabolic diseases including diabetes and insulin resistance. Pharmacologically, several preclinical tools have been developed to disrupt the 20-HETE axis including 20-HETE synthesis inhibitors (DDMS and HET0016), synthetic 20-HETE agonist analogues (20-5,14-HEDE and 20-5,14-HEDGE) and 20-HETE receptor blockers (AAA and 20-SOLA). Systemic or cell-specific therapeutic targeting of the 20-HETE-GPR75 axis continues to be an invaluable approach as studies examine the molecular underpinnings activated by 20-HETE under various physiological settings. In particular, the development and characterization of 20-HETE receptor blockers look to be a promising new class of compounds that can provide a considerable benefit to patients suffering from these cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V Pascale
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Alexandra Wolf
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Yonaton Kadish
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Danielle Diegisser
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | | | - Danait Yemane
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Samir Ali
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Namhee Kim
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - David E Baruch
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Muhamad Afiq Faisal Yahaya
- Department of Basic Sciences, MAHSA University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Adeniyi M Adebesin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michal L Schwartzman
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.
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Cárdenas S, Colombero C, Cruz M, Mormandi E, Adebesin AM, Falck JR, Nowicki S. 20-HETE/ GPR75 pairing modulates the expression and transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 559:111784. [PMID: 36202260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) and AR-driven genes are crucial in normal and neoplastic prostate tissue. Previous results showed a link between 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) production and AR-driven prostate cancer (PCa) progression. This study aims to describe the contribution of GPR75, 20-HETE membrane receptor, in 20-HETE-mediated expression and transcriptional activity of AR in PCa. In LNCaP cells, 20-HETE increased AR expression, nuclear localization, and its transcriptional activity. Also, 20-HETE enhanced dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced effects. All was abrogated by chemical antagonism of GPR75 (19-HEDE) or its transient knockdown. In human PCa, the expression of AR-driven genes correlated with GPR75. In LNCaP xenografts, tumors from castrated animals expressed higher levels of AR, this was impaired by inhibition of 20-HETE synthesis. These data suggest that 20-HETE, through the GPR75 receptor, regulates transcriptionally active AR in PCa cells, thus making 20-HETE/GRP75 potential targets to limit the expression of AR-driven phenotype in PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia Colombero
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Cruz
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo Mormandi
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, División Endocrinología, Hospital Carlos G. Durand, Av. Díaz Vélez 5044, C1405DCS, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Adeniyi Michael Adebesin
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Susana Nowicki
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Pascale JV, Park EJ, Adebesin AM, Falck JR, Schwartzman ML, Garcia V. Uncovering the signalling, structure and function of the 20-HETE- GPR75 pairing: Identifying the chemokine CCL5 as a negative regulator of GPR75. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3813-3828. [PMID: 33974269 PMCID: PMC10119890 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The G-protein-coupled receptor GPR75 (Gq) and its ligand, the cytochrome P450-derived vasoactive eicosanoid 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), are involved in the activation of pro-inflammatory and hypertensive signalling cascades contributing to diabetes, obesity, vascular dysfunction/remodelling, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Little is known as to how, where and with what affinity 20-HETE interacts with GPR75. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To better understand the pairing of 20-HETE and its receptor (GPR75), we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to determine binding affinity/kinetics. The PRESTO-Tango receptor-ome methodology for GPR75 overexpression was coupled with FLIPR Calcium 6 assays, homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) IP-1 and β-arrestin recruitment assays to determine receptor activation and downstream signalling events. KEY RESULTS SPR confirmed 20-HETE binding to GPR75 with an estimated KD of 1.56 × 10-10 M. In GPR75-transfected HTLA cells, 20-HETE stimulated intracellular Ca2+ levels, IP-1 accumulation and β-arrestin recruitment, all of which were negated by known 20-HETE functional antagonists. Computational modelling of the putative ligand-binding pocket and mutation of Thr212 within the putative 20-HETE binding site abolished 20-HETE's ability to stimulate GPR75 activation. Knockdown of GPR75 in human endothelial cells nullified 20-HETE-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ . The chemokine CCL5, a suggested GPR75 ligand, binds to GPR75 (KD of 5.85 × 10-10 M) yet fails to activate GPR75; however, it inhibited 20-HETE's ability to activate GPR75 signalling. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We have identified 20-HETE as a high-affinity ligand for GPR75 and CCL5 as a low-affinity negative regulator of GPR75, providing additional evidence for the deorphanization of GPR75 as a 20-HETE receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V Pascale
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Eon Joo Park
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
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Gilani A, Agostinucci K, Hossain S, Pascale JV, Garcia V, Adebesin AM, Falck JR, Schwartzman ML. 20-HETE interferes with insulin signaling and contributes to obesity-driven insulin resistance. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 152:106485. [PMID: 33011364 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
20-HETE, a metabolite of arachidonic acid produced by Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A/4 F, has been implicated in the development of obesity-associated complications such as diabetes and insulin resistance. In this study, we examined whether the acute elevation of 20-HETE levels contributes to the development of diet-driven hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. We employed a conditional transgenic mouse model to overexpress Cyp4a12 (Cyp4a12tg), a murine 20-HETE synthase, together with high fat diet (HFD) feeding. Mice in which Cyp4a12 was induced by doxycycline (DOX) at the onset of HFD feeding gained weight at a greater rate and extent than corresponding DOX-untreated Cyp4a12 mice. Cyp4a12tg mice fed HFD + DOX displayed hyperglycemia and impaired glucose metabolism while corresponding HFD-fed Cyp4a12tg mice (no DOX) did not. Importantly, administration of a 20-HETE antagonist, 20-SOLA, to Cyp4a12tg mice fed HFD + DOX significantly attenuated weight gain and prevented the development of hyperglycemia and impaired glucose metabolism. Levels of insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation at Tyrosine 972 and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) phosphorylation at serine 307 were markedly decreased and increased, respectively, in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues from Cyp4a12tg mice fed HFD + DOX; 20-SOLA prevented the IR and IRS1 inactivation, suggesting that 20-HETE interferes with insulin signaling. Additional studies in 3T3-1 differentiated adipocytes confirmed that 20-HETE impairs insulin signaling and that its effect may require activation of its receptor GPR75. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that 20-HETE interferes with insulin function and contributed to diet-driven insulin resistance.
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Gonzalez-Fernandez E, Staursky D, Lucas K, Nguyen BV, Li M, Liu Y, Washington C, Coolen LM, Fan F, Roman RJ. 20-HETE Enzymes and Receptors in the Neurovascular Unit: Implications in Cerebrovascular Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:983. [PMID: 33013649 PMCID: PMC7499024 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
20-HETE is a potent vasoconstrictor that is implicated in the regulation of blood pressure, cerebral blood flow and neuronal death following ischemia. Numerous human genetic studies have shown that inactivating variants in the cytochrome P450 enzymes that produce 20-HETE are associated with hypertension, stroke and cerebrovascular disease. However, little is known about the expression and cellular distribution of the cytochrome P450A enzymes (CYP4A) that produce 20-HETE or the newly discovered 20-HETE receptor (GPR75) in the brain. The present study examined the cell types and regions in the rat forebrain that express CYP4A and GPR75. Brain tissue slices from Sprague Dawley (SD), Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS) and CYP4A1 transgenic rat strains, as well as cultured human cerebral pericytes and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, were analyzed by fluorescent immunostaining. Tissue homogenates from these strains and cultured cells were examined by Western blot. In the cerebral vasculature, CYP4A and GPR75 were expressed in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and the glial limiting membrane of pial arteries and penetrating arterioles but not in the endothelium of capillaries. CYP4A, but not GPR75, was expressed in astrocytes. CYP4A and GPR75 were both expressed in a subpopulation of pericytes on capillaries. The diameters of capillaries were significantly decreased at the sites of first and second-order pericytes that expressed CYP4A. Capillary diameters were unaffected at the sites of other pericytes that did not express CYP4A. These findings implicate 20-HETE as a paracrine mediator in various components of the neurovascular unit and are consistent with 20-HETE's emerging role in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier integrity, the pathogenesis of stroke and the vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. Moreover, this study highlights GPR75 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of these devastating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Daniel Staursky
- William and Carey University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Kathryn Lucas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Bond V. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Chad Washington
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Lique M. Coolen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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