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Tyler RE, Weinberg BZS, Lovelock DF, Ornelas LC, Besheer J. Exposure to the predator odor TMT induces early and late differential gene expression related to stress and excitatory synaptic function throughout the brain in male rats. Genes Brain Behav 2020; 19:e12684. [PMID: 32666635 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Persistent changes in brain stress and glutamatergic function are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Rodent exposure to the predator odor trimethylthiazoline (TMT) is an innate stressor that produces lasting behavioral consequences relevant to PTSD. As such, the goal of the present study was to assess early (6 hours and 2 days-Experiment 1) and late (4 weeks-Experiment 2) changes to gene expression (RT-PCR) related to stress and excitatory function following TMT exposure in male, Long-Evans rats. During TMT exposure, rats engaged in stress reactive behaviors, including digging and immobility. Further, the TMT group displayed enhanced exploration and mobility in the TMT-paired context 1 week after exposure, suggesting a lasting contextual reactivity. Gene expression analyses revealed upregulated FKBP5 6 hours post-TMT in the hypothalamus and dorsal hippocampus. Two days after TMT, GRM3 was downregulated in the prelimbic cortex and dorsal hippocampus, but upregulated in the nucleus accumbens. This may reflect an early stress response (FKBP5) that resulted in later glutamatergic adaptation (GRM3). Finally, another experiment 4 weeks after TMT exposure showed several differentially expressed genes known to mediate excitatory tripartite synaptic function in the prelimbic cortex (GRM5, DLG4 and SLC1A3 upregulated), infralimbic cortex (GRM2 downregulated, Homer1 upregulated), nucleus accumbens (GRM7 and SLC1A3 downregulated), dorsal hippocampus (FKBP5 and NR3C2 upregulated, SHANK3 downregulated) and ventral hippocampus (CNR1, GRM7, GRM5, SHANK3 and Homer1 downregulated). These data show that TMT exposure induces stress and excitatory molecular adaptations, which could help us understand the persistent glutamatergic dysfunction observed in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Tyler
- Neuroscience Curriculum, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin Z S Weinberg
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dennis F Lovelock
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura C Ornelas
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joyce Besheer
- Neuroscience Curriculum, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Shi ZL, Zhang H, Fan ZY, Ma W, Song YZ, Li M, Li TQ, Cao SX, Feng GJ. Long noncoding RNA LINC00314 facilitates osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells through the hsa-miR-129-5p/ GRM5 axis via the Wnt signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:240. [PMID: 32552820 PMCID: PMC7302136 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely related to the stimulation of osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and the prevention of osteoporosis. Current research aimed to investigate the novel lncRNA and explored the function and molecular mechanism of the LINC00314/miR-129-5p/GRM5 axis in regulating osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Methods LncRNA and miRNA sequencing was performed in normal and osteogenic differentiation-induced ADSCs (osteogenic group). Abnormally expressed lncRNAs and miRNAs were obtained by the R software and the relative expression of LINC00314, miR-129-5p, and GRM5 during osteogenic induction was measured by RT-PCR. ADSCs were then transfected with pcDNA3.1-sh-LINC00314 and agomiR-129-5p. Alizarin red staining (ARS) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were performed to identify the mechanism of the LINC00314/miR-129-5p/GRM5 axis in regulating osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Results LINC00314 was significantly upregulated in the group of osteogenic-induced ADSCs. LINC00314 and GRM5 mimics increased the early and late markers of osteogenic differentiation, which manifest in not only the markedly increased ALP activity but also higher calcium deposition, while miR-129-5p mimic had the opposite effects. LINC00314 directly targeted miR-129-5p through luciferase reporter assay, and miR-129-5p suppressed GRM5 expression. Moreover, the LINC00314/miR-129-5p/GRM5 regulatory axis activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusions LINC00314 confers contributory function in the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs and thus the LINC00314/miR-129-5p/GRM5 axis may be a novel mechanism for osteogenic-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Liang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yong-Zhou Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Tong-Qiu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shu-Xing Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guo-Jun Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
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Grados M, Sung HM, Kim S, Srivastava S. Genetic findings in obsessive-compulsive disorder connect to brain-derived neutrophic factor and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways: implications for drug development. Drug Dev Res 2015; 75:372-83. [PMID: 25195581 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditional pharmacological approaches to the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are based on affecting serotonergic and dopaminergic transmission in the central nervous system. However, genetic epidemiology findings are pointing to glutamate pathways and developmental genes as etiological in OCD. A review of recent genetic findings in OCD is conducted, and bioinformatics approaches are used to locate pathways relevant to neuroprotection. The OCD susceptibility genes DLGAP1, RYR3, PBX1-MEIS2, LMX1A and candidate genes BDNF and GRIN2B are components of the neuronal growth, differentiation and neurogenesis pathways BDNF-mTOR. These pathways are emerging as a promising area of research for the development of neuroprotective pharmaceuticals. Emergent genetic epidemiologic data on OCD and repetitive behaviors may support new approaches for pharmacological discovery. Neuroprotective approaches that take into consideration glutamate-mediated BDNF-mTOR pathways are suggested by OCD susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Grados
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St.-12th floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Zantomio D, Chana G, Laskaris L, Testa R, Everall I, Pantelis C, Skafidas E. Convergent evidence for mGluR5 in synaptic and neuroinflammatory pathways implicated in ASD. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 52:172-7. [PMID: 25704074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a serious neurodevelopmental disorder, is poorly understood. We review evidence for alterations in glutamatergic signalling in the aetiology of ASD, with a focus on the metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5). mGluR5 signalling is important for synapse formation, neuroplasticity and long term potentiation as well as neuroprotection and has been shown to have a regulatory role in neuroinflammation. Evidence for neuroinflammation in ASD is supported by increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and increased number and activation of microglia in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). mGlur5 signalling has also been shown to downregulate microglial activation. Therefore, we focus on mGluR5 as a potential unifying explanation for synapse alteration and neuroinflammation seen in ASD. Data from mGluR5 knockout mouse models, and syndromic and non syndromic forms of ASD are discussed in relation to how alterations in mGluR5 are associated with ASD symptoms. This review supports altered mGluR5 functioning as a convergent point in ASD pathogenesis and indicates more research is warranted into mGluR5 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zantomio
- Department of Haematology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gursharan Chana
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia
| | - Liliana Laskaris
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renee Testa
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Ian Everall
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia
| | - Efstratios Skafidas
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia; Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Australia.
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Akutagava-Martins GC, Salatino-Oliveira A, Genro JP, Contini V, Polanczyk G, Zeni C, Chazan R, Kieling C, Anselmi L, Menezes AMB, Grevet EH, Bau CHD, Rohde LA, Hutz MH. Glutamatergic copy number variants and their role in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2014; 165B:502-9. [PMID: 24985920 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component. The glutamate metabotropic receptor genes (GRMs) have been considered potential candidates for ADHD susceptibility. The aim of the present study was to investigate if copy number variants (CNVs) in GRM1, GRM5, and GRM8 genes are overrepresented in ADHD subjects. A total of 1038 individuals with ADHD and 1057 subjects without this disorder were investigated. No significant difference in the total number of CNVs was found comparing the entire ADHD sample and the population sample without ADHD (P = 0.326, OR = 1.112, 95% CI = 0.762-1.624). The presence of CNVs was associated with lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in ADHD samples (P = 0.026, OR = 1.824, 95% CI = 1.066-3.121) but not in the sample of individuals without ADHD. CNVs in GRM5 were associated with presence of anxiety disorders in ADHD cases (P = 0.002, OR = 3.915, 95% CI = 1.631-9.402), but not in individuals without ADHD. Taken together, our results suggest a role for glutamate in ADHD as CNVs in the glutamatergic genes investigated herein were associated with cognitive and clinical characteristics of ADHD individuals.
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