1
|
Fujita T, Beier MP, Tabuchi-Kobayashi M, Hayatsu Y, Nakamura H, Umetsu-Ohashi T, Sasaki K, Ishiyama K, Murozuka E, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Sawa Y, Miyao A, Hayakawa T, Yamaya T, Kojima S. Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetase GS1;3 Is Involved in Rice Grain Ripening and Germination. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:835835. [PMID: 35211144 PMCID: PMC8861362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium is combined with glutamate to form glutamine. This reaction is catalyzed by glutamine synthetase (GS or GLN). Plants harbor several isoforms of cytosolic GS (GS1). Rice GS1;3 is highly expressed in seeds during grain filling and germination, suggesting a unique role in these processes. This study aimed to investigate the role of GS1;3 for rice growth and yield. Tos17 insertion lines for GS1;3 were isolated, and the nitrogen (N), amino acid, and ammonium contents of GS1;3 mutant grains were compared to wild-type grains. The spatiotemporal expression of GS1;3 and the growth and yield of rice plants were evaluated in hydroponic culture and the paddy field. Additionally, the stable isotope of N was used to trace the foliar N flux during grain filling. Results showed that the loss of GS1;3 retarded seed germination. Seeds of GS1;3 mutants accumulated glutamate but did not show a marked change in the level of phytohormones. The expression of GS1;3 was detected at the beginning of germination, with limited promoter activity in seeds. GS1;3 mutants showed a considerably decreased ripening ratio and decreased N efflux in the 12th leaf blade under N deficient conditions. The β-glucuronidase gene expression under control of the GS1;3 promoter was detected in the vascular tissue and aleurone cell layer of developing grains. These data suggest unique physiological roles of GS1;3 in the early stage of seed germination and grain filling under N deficient conditions in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marcel Pascal Beier
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculty of Science/Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshitaka Hayatsu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruka Nakamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Emiko Murozuka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Sawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akio Miyao
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaya
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division for Interdisciplinary Advanced Research and Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gligoric N, Krco S, Hakola L, Vehmas K, De S, Moessner K, Jansson K, Polenz I, Van Kranenburg R. SmartTags: IoT Product Passport for Circular Economy Based on Printed Sensors and Unique Item-Level Identifiers. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19030586. [PMID: 30704112 PMCID: PMC6387165 DOI: 10.3390/s19030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a method that facilitates Internet of Things (IoT) for building a product passport and data exchange enabling the next stage of the circular economy. SmartTags based on printed sensors (i.e., using functional ink) and a modified GS1 barcode standard enable unique identification of objects on a per item-level (including Fast-Moving Consumer Goods-FMCG), collecting, sensing, and reading of parameters from environment as well as tracking a products' lifecycle. The developed ontology is the first effort to define a semantic model for dynamic sensors, including datamatrix and QR codes. The evaluation of decoding and readability of identifiers (QR codes) showed good performance for detection of sensor state printed over and outside the QR code data matrix, i.e., the recognition ability with image vision algorithm was possible. The evaluation of the decoding performance of the QR code data matrix printed with sensors was also efficient, i.e., the QR code ability to be decoded with the reader after reversible and irreversible process of ink (dis)appearing was preserved, with slight drop in performance if ink density is low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liisa Hakola
- VTT Technical Research Centre, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Kaisa Vehmas
- VTT Technical Research Centre, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Suparna De
- Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Klaus Moessner
- Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | | | - Ingmar Polenz
- Durst Phototechnik Digital Technology GmbH, 9900 Lienz, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Konishi N, Ishiyama K, Beier MP, Inoue E, Kanno K, Yamaya T, Takahashi H, Kojima S. Contributions of two cytosolic glutamine synthetase isozymes to ammonium assimilation in Arabidopsis roots. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:613-625. [PMID: 28007952 PMCID: PMC5441914 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes a reaction that incorporates ammonium into glutamate and yields glutamine in the cytosol and chloroplasts. Although the enzymatic characteristics of the GS1 isozymes are well known, their physiological functions in ammonium assimilation and regulation in roots remain unclear. In this study we show evidence that two cytosolic GS1 isozymes (GLN1;2 and GLN1;3) contribute to ammonium assimilation in Arabidopsis roots. Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion lines for GLN1;2 and GLN1;3 (i.e. gln1;2 and gln1;3 single-mutants), the gln1;2:gln1;3 double-mutant, and the wild-type accession (Col-0) were grown in hydroponic culture with variable concentrations of ammonium to compare their growth, and their content of nitrogen, carbon, ammonium, and amino acids. GLN1;2 and GLN1;3 promoter-dependent green fluorescent protein was observed under conditions with or without ammonium supply. Loss of GLN1;2 caused significant suppression of plant growth and glutamine biosynthesis under ammonium-replete conditions. In contrast, loss of GLN1;3 caused slight defects in growth and Gln biosynthesis that were only visible based on a comparison of the gln1;2 single- and gln1;2:gln1;3 double-mutants. GLN1;2, being the most abundantly expressed GS1 isozyme, markedly increased following ammonium supply and its promoter activity was localized at the cortex and epidermis, while GLN1;3 showed only low expression at the pericycle, suggesting their different physiological contributions to ammonium assimilation in roots. The GLN1;2 promoter-deletion analysis identified regulatory sequences required for controlling ammonium-responsive gene expression of GLN1;2 in Arabidopsis roots. These results shed light on GLN1 isozyme-specific regulatory mechanisms in Arabidopsis that allow adaptation to an ammonium-replete environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Konishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai, Japan
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Marcel Pascal Beier
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eri Inoue
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kanno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaya
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai, Japan
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai, Japan
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|