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Yuan B, He G, Dong W. The evolutionary characterization of Gamasida based on mitochondrial genes codon usage pattern. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:30. [PMID: 38085374 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Mites belonging to the suborder Gamasida are species-rich and habitat-diverse, with a worldwide distribution. To adapt to the environment and obtain better living conditions, all species of the suborder Gamasida have been undergoing constant evolution. The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is an invaluable molecular marker for studying the origin of species, genetic differentiation between closely related species, and between intraspecific groups. In some species of the suborder Gamasida, mitochondrial tRNA genes are truncated and carried unstable genetic information. This study presents a comparative analysis of codon usage pattern and preference of 13 protein-coding genes of 24 species in 17 genera and 10 families of the suborder Gamasida. Results showed that have an obvious AT preference (0.664-0.829) for codon usage in the suborder Gamasida. Most of the optimal and high-frequency codons also end in A/T. The degree of natural selection varies between the same protein-coding genes of different gamasid mites or among different protein-coding genes within the same gamasid mites. Base and codon usage pattern and preference are very similar between the same species and genus, namely the closer species, the more similar their bases and codons usage patterns and preference are. T bases and C bases were the preference bases for codon usage of 24 species in the suborder Gamasida. Evolution of the suborder Gamasida was dominated by natural selection (64.1%). This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of codon usage in the suborder Gamasida, which will greatly improve our understanding of codon usage patterns and preference, genetics, and evolution of the suborder Gamasida. It will help to evaluate the degree of molecular adaptation in the suborder Gamasida and to further explore evolutionary features of the suborder Gamasida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bili Yuan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Gangxian He
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenge Dong
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China.
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Yuan B, He G, Dong W. The first complete mitochondrial genome of the genus Echinolaelaps reveals mitochondrial genome rearrangement type and evolution of Gamasida. Parasitology 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37165885 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Echinolaelaps echidninus is a gamasid mite that is of medical and veterinary significance as parasites and vectors of disease agents, which can carry pathogens of zoonosis such as Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia Q fever, Rickettsia mooseri, Rickettsia pox pathogens, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Leptospira. At present, only single mitochondrial genes have been analysed for E. echidninus in the world, and no complete mitochondrial genome has been reported. However, information carried by a single gene is limited. Therefore, the complete mitochondrial genome of E. echidninus was determined for the first time by Illumina Hiseq X-Ten platform in this study. The mitochondrial genome is 15 736 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and a control region of 1561 bp in length. Codon analysis of 13 protein-coding genes revealed that UUU, UUA, AUU, AUA and AAU were the most frequently used, while cox2 had the fastest evolutionary rate and cob the slowest. Comparative analysis of genome structure and breakpoint distances of the mitochondrial genomes of 23 species in 17 genera from 10 families of Gamasida deposited in GenBank revealed a novel gene arrangement type of the E. echidninus mitochondrial genome, and different degrees of rearrangement among different taxa of Gamasida. Phylogenetic analyses of Gamasida were performed using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Echinolaelaps echidninus was clustered with Dermanyssoidea and formed a more supportive sister group with Varroa destructor. This study provides novel insights into rearrangement patterns and evolution of mitochondrial genomes of Gamasida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bili Yuan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Gangxian He
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Wenge Dong
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
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Espinoza-Carniglia M, Galliari C, Fantozzi MC, Beldomenico PM, Lareschi M. An integrative approach to explore species limits in Laelaps mazzai Fonseca, 1939 (Mesostigmata, Laelapidae), a South American widespread mite parasitizing the cricetid Calomys Waterhouse, 1837. Acta Trop 2023; 240:106836. [PMID: 36773848 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Laelaps mazzai Fonseca, 1939 (Mesostigmata, Laelapidae) parasitizes several species of the widespread South American rodent genus Calomys Waterhouse, 1837. Morphological variation has been noticed within this laelapid but has yet to be analyzed. Since several other species of laelapids that initially were considered generalists have resulted in host-specific species, after further analyses, herein we explored, through morphology and genetics, the variation of this parasite across six species of Calomys, trying to establish if it constitutes a polymorphic species or a complex of cryptic host specific-species. An integrative approach was applied, including principal component and discriminant analyses of females and males and DNA sequences (nuclear region ITS and the COI gene). The obtained results indicate that female mites tend to differentiate only the sizes of their dorsal shield among host species but with extensive overlapping. At the same time the males lack metrical differentiation, and the genetic evidence failed to resolve specific-species clades. We conclude that L. mazzai is a single widespread mite with little genetic and phenotypic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Espinoza-Carniglia
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 s/n e/ 60 y 61, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Carlos Galliari
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 s/n e/ 60 y 61, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Cecilia Fantozzi
- Departamento de Parasitología. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia. Valencia, Spain. Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), ISC III, C. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo M Beldomenico
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET LITORAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral- CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Marcela Lareschi
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 s/n e/ 60 y 61, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Farahi S, Shishehbor P, Nemati A, Perotti MA. Mesostigmata diversity by manure type: a reference study and new datasets from southwestern Iran. Exp Appl Acarol 2022; 86:517-534. [PMID: 35357605 PMCID: PMC9110456 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manure-inhabiting Mesostigmata mites are important biological control agents of pest flies. However, the biodiversity of this mite community is mainly known from Europe and America, and especially from cattle manure. This study examined the diversity and abundance of Mesostigmata mites associated with various types of manure in an (intensive) agricultural region of the Middle East, i.e., the city Ahvaz and its suburbs, in southwest Iran. Mite samples were extracted from manure of cattle, buffalo, sheep, horse, poultry and quail in 30 livestock and poultry farms. In total, 40 species belonging to 24 genera and 16 families were identified. The most diverse families were Laelapidae with eight species, Macrochelidae with seven and Parasitidae with six. Macrocheles muscaedomesticae and Uroobovella marginata were the most widespread species, recorded in 28 and 27 out of 30 collection sites, respectively. Two species, M. sumbaensis and U. marginata, were found in all studied manures. Simpson's diversity index recorded the highest diversity in buffalo and sheep manure. Real and theoretical species richness (rarefaction curves) were congruent in number of individuals. The presence of seven species of Macrochelidae in the manure confirms that these are important predators of the house fly for the region of Ahvaz and its suburbs. Members of the Parasitidae were highly prevalent, with one species known as a specialized predator of house fly eggs. This work aims to encourage further studies on the diversity of Mesostigmata in these agricultural settings, and further continue assessing the feasibility of these mites as effective biocontrol agents of filth flies in different types of manure and from different corners of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Farahi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Parviz Shishehbor
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nemati
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - M Alejandra Perotti
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Section, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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Beaulieu F, Quintero-Gutiérrez EJ, Sandmann D, Klarner B, Widyastuti R, Cómbita-Heredia O, Scheu S. Review of the mite genus Ololaelaps (Acari, Laelapidae) and redescription of O.formidabilis Berlese. Zookeys 2019; 853:1-36. [PMID: 31217716 PMCID: PMC6565676 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.853.29407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A species of laelapid mite, Ololaelapsformidabilis, is redescribed based on male and female adults from soil in Sumatra, Indonesia. This species is distinguished from other Ololaelaps species by its metapodal platelet narrowly fused with the parapodal plate and by its hologastric shield having two inverted-V-like ridges. The genus is redescribed based on a review of the literature and examination of specimens of some species. Valid species of Ololaelaps are listed and accompanied by notes on morphological characters to assist future revision of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Beaulieu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Edwin Javier Quintero-Gutiérrez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Dorothee Sandmann
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Klarner
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rahayu Widyastuti
- Institut Pertanian Bogor, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Damarga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | | | - Stefan Scheu
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.,University of Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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