1
|
Kim Y, Lee S, Park S, Lee J. The Relationship Between Gambling Accessibility and Behavior Among Korean Adults. J Gambl Stud 2023:10.1007/s10899-023-10236-9. [PMID: 37452234 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This is the first population-based study in South Korea to examine the comprehensive nature of gambling accessibility. While most previous studies have examined only the physical aspects of gambling accessibility, this study accepts that gambling accessibility is multi-dimensional comprising physical, social, and cognitive accessibility, and tests the predictive power of each dimension of gambling behavior. We measured gambling behaviors in three ways: problem gambling, time spent on gambling, and gambling expenditure. Using a proportional quota sampling method (based on gender, age, and region) to represent the general Korean population, we identified 8245 adults (aged 19-69 years), and 2044 participated in online survey from July 1 to July 9, 2021. Study findings revealed that, among the three accessibility dimensions, social accessibility was the strongest predictor of all three gambling behavior measures. Study findings provide insights for developing culturally sensitive gambling prevention programs and highlight the importance of a comprehensive examination of the relationship between gambling accessibility and gambling behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Kim
- Department of Social Welfare & Graduate Department of Addiction Studies, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea.
- Graduate Department of Addiction Studies, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea.
| | - Sokho Lee
- Graduate Department of Addiction Studies, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Shinyoung Park
- Graduate Department of Addiction Studies, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Junghee Lee
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, 1800 SW 6th Ave., Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McGrath DS, Williams RJ, Rothery B, Belanger YD, Christensen DR, El-Guebaly N, Hodgins DC, Nicoll F, Shaw CA, Smith GJ, Stevens RMG. Problem gambling severity, gambling behavior, substance use, and mental health in gamblers who do and do not use cannabis: Evidence from a Canadian national sample. Addict Behav 2023; 137:107520. [PMID: 36257248 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis use frequently co-occurs with gambling, and evidence indicates that both acute and chronic cannabis use may influence gambling behavior. The primary aim of the present study was to further contribute to the literature on this relationship by examining data collected from a Canadian national study of gambling. METHODS Respondents consisted of 10,054 Canadian gamblers recruited from Leger Opinion's (LEO) online panel. In this study, gamblers who used cannabis were compared with non-users across a number of gambling as well as demographic and mental health variables. RESULTS Of the total sample, 25.4 % reported past 12-month cannabis use. Among the 2,553 cannabis-users, 21.3 % reported daily use, and 69.9 % reported using once a month or more. A total of 56.2 % indicated they had used cannabis while gambling in the past 12 months. Bivariate analysis found significant differences between cannabis use and non-use on numerous demographic, mental health, and gambling-related variables. Individuals with greater problem gambling severity scores, more hours gambling, and a larger range of gambling activities were more likely to endorse using cannabis. Hierarchical logistic regression revealed that tobacco use, and having experienced significant child abuse were predictors of cannabis use. Non-use of cannabis was associated with older age, less engagement in online gambling, and being less likely to consume alcohol. CONCLUSION The present findings both corroborate previous studies and expand upon the relationship between cannabis and gambling.
Collapse
|
3
|
Heinlein E, Rugle L, Potts W, Welsh C, Himelhoch S. A Within-Subject Pilot Feasibility Study of a Gambling Specific SBIRT Intervention Delivered in an Urban HIV/Primary Clinic. J Gambl Stud 2021. [PMID: 33978876 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are few interventions available to provide screening and brief intervention targeted toward problematic gambling, Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based intervention that has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing gambling behaviors. METHODS The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary outcomes of a gambling specific SBIRT intervention in a medical setting. Fifteen participants were recruited from an urban HIV/Primary Care clinic to receive the gambling specific SBIRT intervention delivered by 3 clinicians. Process and gambling specific outcome measures were evaluated at baseline, immediately after the intervention and at 1-month follow-up. RESULTS On average, patient participants were 49 years and self-described themselves as male (60%) and Black or African American (86.7%). Three (20%) participants met 4 or more criteria of the DSM-5 gambling disorder. Compared to baseline, those who participated in the intervention decreased both the median number of days gambled (1 days vs. 0 days), as well as the median money gambled at 1-month follow-up ($7 vs. $1). Participants with 4 or more criteria of DSM-5 gambling had the greatest reduction (days gambled: (26 days vs. 21 days); money spent: (($400 vs. $65)). Participants reported that the intervention was acceptable. Clinician participants found the intervention to be easy to deliver. CONCLUSIONS A gambling specific SBIRT intervention was feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants. Gambling specific outcome measures were reduced at 1-month follow-up. A randomized control trial to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention is a recommended next step.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Electronic gambling machines (EGMs) show a strong association with gambling problems. The high speed of gaming offered by modern EGMs allows playing numerous games in a short span of time, which is thought to contribute to attentional distraction, increased spending and prolonged play. However, the relationship between EGM speeds and potentially risk-related gambling behavior remains unclear. We introduce a novel approach to investigating the role of gaming speed in EGM gambling behavior by examining 'individual rate-of-play' (I-ROP) during simulated EGM gambling. A community sample of male regular gamblers (N = 72) played virtual slot machines in pairs offering sequentially adjusted game speeds towards the estimation of a behaviorally expressed preference speed, or I-ROP. This initial experiment aimed to explore the variability of I-ROPs during simulated EGM gambling, and examine behavior while playing EGMs at speeds relative to their I-ROP. Estimated I-ROPs ranged from less than one half second to over seven seconds and were negatively associated with cognitive ability, but not related to problem gambling severity, impulsiveness, or gambling-related cognitions. Subsequent gambling sessions on EGMs offering individually calibrated faster and slower gaming speeds were associated with greater and reduced risk-related gambling behaviors respectively. I-ROPs represent a potentially informative construct for exploring influences of gaming speed on gambling behavior, and may lend insight into potential risk-related behavior an individual vulnerability with respect to commercially available EGMs that warrants additional research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Worhunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Balconi M, Siri C, Meucci N, Pezzoli G, Angioletti L. Personality Traits and Cortical Activity Affect Gambling Behavior in Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis 2018; 8:341-352. [PMID: 29614700 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological gambling (PG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) manifests as a persistent and uncontrollable gambling behavior, characterized by dysfunctional decision-making and emotional impairment related to high-risk decisions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between personality traits and prefrontal cortex activity in PD patients with or without PG. METHODS Thus, hemodynamic cortical activity measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance were recorded in forty-six PD patients, divided into three groups according to their gambling status: PD patients with active gambling behavior (PDG); PD patients who remitted from PG (PDNG); and a control group (CG) composed by patients with PD only. RESULTS Results indicates that gambling behavior in PD patients is strongly predictive of dysfunctional cognitive strategy; affecting anomalous cortical response with a left hemispheric unbalance in dorsal areas; and it is related to more reward sensitivity than impulsivity personality components. CONCLUSIONS PDG patients differed from PDNG and CG from both behavioral and brain response to decision-making. Overall, these effects confirm a pathological condition related to cognitive and emotional aspects which makes the patients with PGD victims of their dysfunctional behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balconi
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Siri
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini-CTO, ex ICP, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini-CTO, ex ICP, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Angioletti
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gay A, Boutet C, Sigaud T, Kamgoue A, Sevos J, Brunelin J, Massoubre C. A single session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex reduces cue-induced craving in patients with gambling disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2017; 41:68-74. [PMID: 28049084 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling disorder (GD) is common and disabling addictive disorder. In patients with substance use disorders, the application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) offers promise to alleviate craving. We hypothesized that applying real compared to sham rTMS over the left DLPFC would reduce gambling craving in patients with GD. METHODS In a randomized sham-controlled crossover design, 22 treatment-seeking patients with GD received real or sham treatment with high frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC followed a week later by the other type of treatment. Before and after each rTMS session, participants rated their gambling craving (from 0 to 100) before and after viewing a gambling video used as a cue. We used the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale adapted for Pathological Gambling to assess gambling behavior before and 7 days after each rTMS session. RESULTS As compared to sham (mean +0.74; standard deviation±3.03), real rTMS significantly decreased cue-induced craving (-2.12±3.39; F(1,19)=4.87; P=0.04; partial η2=0.05; 95% CI: 0.00-0.21). No significant effect of rTMS was observed on gambling behavior. CONCLUSIONS Patients with GD reported decreased cue-induced craving following a single session of high frequency rTMS applied over the left DLPFC. Further large randomized controlled studies are needed to determine the usefulness of rTMS in GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gay
- University hospital center of Saint-Étienne, university department of psychiatry and addiction, 42055 Saint-Étienne, France; TAPE laboratory, EA7423, Jean-Monnet university, Saint-Étienne, France.
| | - C Boutet
- INSERM, U1059, university of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Radiology department, university hospital center of Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - T Sigaud
- University hospital center of Saint-Étienne, university department of psychiatry and addiction, 42055 Saint-Étienne, France; TAPE laboratory, EA7423, Jean-Monnet university, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - A Kamgoue
- University hospital center of Saint-Étienne, university department of psychiatry and addiction, 42055 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - J Sevos
- University hospital center of Saint-Étienne, university department of psychiatry and addiction, 42055 Saint-Étienne, France; TAPE laboratory, EA7423, Jean-Monnet university, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - J Brunelin
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon neuroscience research center, university of Lyon, ΨR2 Team, 69000 Lyon, France; Lyon 1 university, 69000 Villeurbanne, France; Hospital center Le Vinatier, 69678 Bron, France
| | - C Massoubre
- University hospital center of Saint-Étienne, university department of psychiatry and addiction, 42055 Saint-Étienne, France; TAPE laboratory, EA7423, Jean-Monnet university, Saint-Étienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bitar R, Nordt C, Grosshans M, Herdener M, Seifritz E, Mutschler J. Telecommunications Network Measurements of Online Gambling Behavior in Switzerland: A Feasibility Study. Eur Addict Res 2017; 23:106-112. [PMID: 28402978 DOI: 10.1159/000471482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methodological shortcomings of gambling studies relying on self-report or on data sets derived from gambling operators tend to result in biased conclusions. The aim of this study was to analyze online gambling behavior using a novel network database approach. METHODS From October 13 to October 26, 2014, telecommunications network data from a major telecommunications provider in Switzerland were analyzed. Netflows between mobile devices and a poker operator were quantified to measure the gambling duration and session number. RESULTS Time spent gambling during night and working hours was compared between devices with longest (red group), intermediate (orange group), and shortest gambling time (green group). Online gambling behavior differed depending on overall gambling time, F (2, 3,143). Night and working hours gambling was the highest in the red group (53%), compared to the orange (50.1%) and the green groups (41.5%). Post hoc analyses indicated significant differences between the orange and green groups (p < 0.05). No differences were observed between the red and orange groups (p = 0.850), and the red and green groups (p = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS On mobile devices, distinct gambling patterns were observed depending on the overall gambling time. This methodology could also be used to investigate online gaming, social media use, and online pornography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Bitar
- Center for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|