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Xu ZH, Luo Y, Qiu YF, Yang XW, Lan T. Prenylated acylphloroglucinols from the fruits of Garcinia xanthochymus. Fitoterapia 2023; 165:105427. [PMID: 36621652 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our continuous study of the dry fruits of Garcinia xanthochymus led to the isolation and structural characterization of four new prenylated acylphloroglucinols, xanthochymusones J-M (1-4), together with the known polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols, garciniagifolone A (5) and garcinialiptone A (6). Their structures were elucidated by interpretation of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. Compound 1 bearing a similar core to that of hulupinic acid should be derived via oxidization and ring contraction of prenylated acylphloroglucinol. The inhibitory activities of all the compounds against three human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Huh-7, Hep 3B, and Hep G2 were evaluated, and compounds 4 and 5/6 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against Hep G2 cells with IC50 values10.4 and 8.8 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Xu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Feng Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian Lan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Quan F, Luan X, Zhang J, Gao W, Yan J, Li P. Cytotoxic Isopentenyl Phloroglucinol Compounds from Garcinia xanthochymus Using LC-MS-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2023; 13. [PMID: 36837877 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many unique chemical metabolites with significant antitumor activities have been isolated from Garcinia species and have become a leading hotspot of antitumor research in recent years. The aim of this study was to identify bioactive compounds from different plant parts (leaf, branch, stem bark, fruit, and seed) of G. xanthochymus through combining LC-MS-based metabolomics with cytotoxicity assays. As a result, 70% methanol seed extract exerted significant cytotoxic effects on five human cancer cell types (HL-60, A549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231, and SW480). LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis was used, including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), in order to identify 12 potential markers from seed extract that may relate to bioactivity. LC-MS guidance isolated the markers to obtain three compounds and identified new isopentenyl phloroglucinols (1-3, named garxanthochin A-C), using spectroscopic methods. Among them, garxanthochin B (2) demonstrated moderate inhibitory activities against five human cancer cell types, with IC50 values of 14.71~24.43 μM. These findings indicate that G. xanthochymus seed has significant cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and garxanthochin B has potential applications in the development of antitumor-led natural compounds.
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Jin S, Wang W, Gan F, Xie W, Xu J, Chen Y, Mei Z, Yang G. Discovery of Novel Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols from the Fruits of Garcinia xanthochymus as Antitumor Agents by Suppressing the STAT3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10365. [PMID: 34638708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic studies have revealed that polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) collectively exhibit a broad range of biological activities, including antineoplastic potential. Here, six new PPAPs, named garcixanthochymones F–K (3, 5, 7, 8, 11, and 15), together with nine known analogues were isolated from the fruits of Garcinia xanthochymus. Their structures were elucidated based on the spectroscopic data, including UV, HRESIMS, and NMR, and quantum chemical calculations. All the isolated PPAPs were tested for anti-proliferative activity against four human tumor cell lines, including SGC7901, A549, HepG2, and MCF-7. Most of the PPAPs possessed high anti-proliferative activity with IC50 values in the range of 0.89 to 36.98 μM, and significant apoptosis was observed in MCF-7 cells exposed to compounds 2 and 5. Besides, docking results showed that compounds 2 and 5 could strongly combine with the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of STAT3 via hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, which is one of the key oncogenes and crucial therapeutic targets. Furthermore, compounds 2 and 5 efficiently downregulated the expression of p-STAT3Tyr705 and pivotal effector proteins involved in oncogenic signaling pathways of MCF-7 cells.
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Rob MM, Iwasaki A, Suzuki R, Suenaga K, Kato-Noguchi H. Garcienone, a Novel Compound Involved in Allelopathic Activity of Garcinia Xanthochymus Hook. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E301. [PMID: 31450571 PMCID: PMC6784076 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plants are sources of diversified allelopathic substances that can be investigated for use in eco-friendly and efficient herbicides. An aqueous methanol extract from the leaves of Garcinia xanthochymus exhibited strong inhibitory activity against barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), foxtail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and appears to be a promising source of allelopathic substances. Hence, bio-activity guided purification of the extract through a series of column chromatography steps yielded a novel compound assigned as garcienone ((R, E)-5-hydroxy-5-((6S, 9S)-6-methyl-9-(prop-13-en-10-yl) tetrahydrofuran-6-yl) pent-3-en-2-one). Garcienone significantly inhibited the growth of cress at a concentration of 10 μM. The concentrations resulting in 50% growth inhibition (I50) of cress roots and shoots were 120.5 and 156.3 μM, respectively. This report is the first to isolate and identify garcienone and to determine its allelopathic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahfuzur Rob
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0795, Japan.
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Arihiro Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ryota Suzuki
- Kawasaki Refinery, JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Co., 7-1, Ukishima-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi 210-8523, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0795, Japan
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Xu J, Gan S, Li J, Wand DB, Chen Y, Hu X, Yang GZ. Garcinia xanthochymus extract protects PC12 cells from H 2O 2-induced apoptosis through modulation of PI3K/AKT and NRF2/HO-1 pathways. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:825-33. [PMID: 29329609 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5364(18)30016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of Garcinia xanthochymus, a perennial medicinal plant native to Yunnan, China, against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in rat pheochromacytoma PC12 cells. Preincubation of PC12 cells with fruit EtOAc fraction (fruit-EFr., 12.5-50 µmol·L-1) of G. xanthochymus for 24 h prior to H2O2 exposure markedly improved cell viability and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1]), prevented lactate dehydrogenase release and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde production, attenuated the decrease of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS). Fruit-EFr. also reduced BAX and cytochrome C expression and improved BCL-2 expression, thereby decreasing the ratio of BAX to BCL-2. Fruit-EFr. activated the nuclear translocation of NRF2 to increase HO-1 and induced the phosphorylation of AKT. Its cytoprotective effect was abolished by LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K. Taken together, the above findings suggested that fruit-EFr.of G. xanthochymus could enhance cellular antioxidant defense capacity, at least in part, through upregulating HO-1 expression and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and that it could suppress H2O2-induced oxidative damage via PI3K/AKT and NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathways.
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Li P, Yue GGL, Kwok HF, Long CL, Lau CBS, Kennelly EJ. Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Chemometrics for the Identification of Anti-angiogenic Biflavonoids from Edible Garcinia Species. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:8348-8355. [PMID: 28926234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Garcinia xanthochymus fruits are edible and also used in traditional medicine. Our previous work showed that the isolated natural products from G. xanthochymus fruits have displayed antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity in the colon cancer cells. In this study, we developed a strategy to correlate a zebrafish angiogenesis assay with ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry-based chemometric analysis to identify potential anti-angiogenic activity compounds from G. xanthochymus fruits. Primary bioactivity results showed that the methanolic extracts from aril and pericarp but not from seed have significant inhibitory effects on the growth of subintestinal vessels (SIVs) in zebrafish embryos. A total of 13 markers, including benzophenones and biflavonoids, were predicted by untargeted principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis, which were tentatively identified as priority markers for the bioactivity related in aril and pericarp. Amentoflavone, a biflavonoid, has been found to significantly inhibit the growth of SIVs at 10 and 20 μM and downregulate the expressions of Angpt2 and Tie2 genes of zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, seven biflavonoids, volkensiflavone, fukugetin, fukugeside, GB 1a, GB 1a glucoside, GB 2a, and GB 2a glucoside, isolated from Garcinia species were evaluated for their structure-activity relationship using the zebrafish model. Only fukugetin, which was previously shown to be anticancer, was active in inhibiting the SIV growth. In this report, both amentoflavone and fukugetin, for the first time, displayed anti-angiogenic effects on zebrafish, thus demonstrating an effective and rapid strategy to identify natural products for anti-angiogenesis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Chun-Lin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Edward J Kennelly
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York , New York City, New York 10468, United States
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Youn UJ, Sripisut T, Miklossy G, Turkson J, Laphookhieo S, Chang LC. Bioactive polyprenylated benzophenone derivatives from the fruits extracts of Garcinia xanthochymus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3760-3765. [PMID: 28729053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Two new polycyclic prenylated xanthones (1 and 2) and a new phenylpropanoid glycoside (3), along with seven known compounds (4-10) were isolated from the fruits of Garcinia xanthochymus. The structures were elucidated by 1D- and 2D-NMR, and HRMS experiments. The isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against the viability of U251MG glioblastoma and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells that harbor an aberrantly active signal transducer and exhibit activation of transcription 3 (STAT3), and compared to normal NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Among the isolates, compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6-9 inhibited the viability of glioma cancer cells with IC50 values in the range of 1.6-6.5μM. Furthermore, treatment of U251MG with 6 and 7 inhibited intracellular STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and glioma cell migration in vitro, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui Joung Youn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, United States; Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Tawanun Sripisut
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Gabriella Miklossy
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - James Turkson
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Leng Chee Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, United States.
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Li Y, Chen Y, Xiao C, Chen D, Xiao Y, Mei Z. Rapid screening and identification of α-amylase inhibitors from Garcinia xanthochymus using enzyme-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles coupled with HPLC and MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 960:166-73. [PMID: 24814002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
α-Amylase inhibitors play an important role in management of diabetes and obesity. In order to rapidly discover potent α-amylase inhibitors from medicinal plants, a ligands-screening method based on enzyme-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles integrated with HPLC was developed. Amine-terminated magnetic nanoparticles were prepared for the immobilization of α-amylase. Based on the affinity theory, the α-amylase-coated magnetic nanoparticles were employed to fish out the ligands from the extracts of Garcinia xanthochymus, and the elutes were examined by HPLC. As a result, three ligands were screened out. Isolation and identification were carried out subsequently. By analyzing the UV, MS and NMR spectra, they were identified as three biflavonoids including GB2a glucoside (2), GB2a (3) and fukugetin (4). The IC50 values of the three compounds were also determined. The results suggest the proposed approach is efficient and accurate, and has great potential in rapid discovery of drug candidates from medical plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; College of Pharmacy, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chuying Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuxiu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zhinan Mei
- College of Pharmacy, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Sharma PB, Handique PJ, Devi HS. Antioxidant properties, physico-chemical characteristics and proximate composition of five wild fruits of Manipur, India. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:894-902. [PMID: 25694698 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant properties, physico-chemical characteristics and proximate composition of five wild fruits viz., Garcinia pedunculata, Garcinia xanthochymus, Docynia indica, Rhus semialata and Averrhoa carambola grown in Manipur, India were presented in the current study. The order of the antioxidant activity and reducing power of the fruit samples was found as R. semialata > D. indica > G. xanthochymus > A. carambola > G. pedunculata. Good correlation coefficient (R(2) > 0.99) was found among the three methods applied to determine antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content was positively correlated (R(2) = 0.960) with the antioxidant activity however, total flavonoid content was not positively correlated with the antioxidant activity. Physico-chemical and proximate composition of these fruits is documented for the first time.
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