Méndez A, Gascó G, Ruiz B, Fuente E. Hydrochars from industrial macroalgae "Gelidium Sesquipedale" biomass wastes.
Bioresour Technol 2019;
275:386-393. [PMID:
30602135 DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.074]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae wastes from the Agar-Agar industry were used as a feedstock to obtain hydrochars by means of hydrothermal carbonization. The effect of temperature (200 °C and 230 °C) and time (2 h and 6 h) on the yield, higher heating value (HHV) and chemical-morphological-textural properties of the hydrochars was studied. The carbon content and the higher heating value were observed to increase with the hydrothermal carbonization. The hydrochars yields (up to 60%) were much higher than yields obtained using conventional char (27.5-33.5%). The hydrochar obtained at 230 °C and after 6 h showed a HHV of 23.25 MJ/kg, which is similar to that of lignite HHV. The H/C and O/C atomic ratios decreased as a consequence of the dehydration and decarboxilation reactions. Hydrothermal carbonization barely changed the vegetal structure of the macroalgae waste. The hydrochars were found to be essentially meso-macroporous with average pore sizes of up to 110.5 nm.
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