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Shen M, Liu S, Wei Q, Zhang X, Wen S, Qiu R, Li Y, Fan H. Extract of Astragali Radix and Solanum nigrum Linne regulates microglia and macrophage polarization and inhibits the growth and infiltration of C6 glioblastoma. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117067. [PMID: 37619857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The polarization of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) affects the growth and infiltration of glioma. Astragali Radix (AR) and Solanum nigrum L. (SN) are traditional antitumor combinations in Chinese herbal medicine, but their roles and mechanisms against glioma are not yet clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The effects of AR and SN compound (ARSN) on the polarization of GAMs and glioma cells in vitro and in vivo were studied, providing new ideas for the treatment of glioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The UPLC-QTOF-MS method was used to examine the quality of ARSN extracts. The effects of ARSN on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of C6 cells were investigated using CCK-8 assay, colony-forming assay, wound healing assay and flow cytometry. The impact of ARSN on the polarization of GAMs was verified by PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. In addition, a rat glioma model was established to assess the effects of ARSN on glioma growth, infiltration, and polarization of GAMs. RESULTS In vitro experiments, ARSN can effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of C6 cells and promote apoptosis. In the rat orthotopic tumor model, ARSN also effectively inhibited tumor growth and infiltration. The SN part of ARSN has strong cytotoxicity. Meanwhile the AR part can effectively inhibit the M2 polarization of GAMs and chemokine production induced by tumor, promote the M1 phenotype of GAMs, and regulate the tumor immune microenvironment to indirectly kill glioma. CONCLUSIONS ARSN inhibited glioma growth both in vitro and in vivo. SN takes effect through direct cytotoxicity, while AR works by regulating GAMs polarization. ARSN extracts can be used as a potential agent for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Shen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Suo Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Shiyu Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Runze Qiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Yingbin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China.
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
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Wang C, Chen Q, Chen M, Guo S, Hou P, Zou Y, Wang J, He B, Zhang Q, Chen L, Luo L. Interaction of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages and anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:1685-1698. [PMID: 36624155 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Anti-PD-1-based therapy has resulted in a minimal clinical response in malignant gliomas. Gliomas contain numerous glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs), reported to contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment and promote glioma progression. However, whether and how GAMs affect anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in glioma remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that M1-like GAMs contribute to the anti-PD-1 therapeutic response, while the accumulation of M2-like GAMs is associated with therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, we found that PD-L1 ablation reverses GAMs M2-like phenotype and is beneficial to anti-PD-1 therapy. We also demonstrated that tumor-induced impairment of the antigen-presenting function of GAMs could limit the antitumor immunity of CD4+ T cells in anti-PD-1 therapy. Our study highlights the impact of GAMs activation on anti-PD-1 treatment and provides new insights into the role of GAMs in regulating anti-PD-1 therapy in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Chen
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqing Chen
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Sizhen Guo
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Hou
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulian Zou
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Bailin He
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lieping Chen
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University West Campus, MIC331, 600 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Schiffer D, Mellai M, Bovio E, Bisogno I, Casalone C, Annovazzi L. Glioblastoma niches: from the concept to the phenotypical reality. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:1161-8. [PMID: 29736738 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the concept of niches as sites of tumor progression, invasion, and angiogenesis in glioblastoma (GB) has been extensively debated. Niches, considered the sites in which glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reside, have been classified as perivascular, perinecrotic, and invasive. However, from a neuropathological point of view, it is not easy to establish when a tumor structure can be considered a niche. The relevant literature has been reviewed in the light of our recent experience on the subject. As for perinecrotic niches, the occurrence of GSCs around necrosis is interpreted as triggered by hypoxia through HIF-1α. Our alternative hypothesis is that, together with progenitors, they are the cell constituents of hyper-proliferative areas of GB, where perinecrotic niches have developed, and they would, therefore, represent the remnants of GSCs/progenitors spared by the developing necrosis. Perivascular structures originate from both transport vessels and exchange vessels, i.e., venules, arterioles, or the undefinable neo-formed small vessels, but only those in which a direct contact between GSCs/progenitors and endothelial cells occurs can be called niches. Both pericytes and microglia/macrophages play a role in niche function: Macrophages of blood origin invade GB only after the appearance of "mother vessels" with consequent blood-brain barrier disruption. Not all vessel/tumor cell structures can be considered niches, that is, crucial sites of tumor progression, invasion, and angiogenesis.
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Carvalho da Fonseca AC, Wang H, Fan H, Chen X, Zhang I, Zhang L, Lima FRS, Badie B. Increased expression of stress inducible protein 1 in glioma-associated microglia/macrophages. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 274:71-7. [PMID: 25042352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Factors released by glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) play an important role in the growth and infiltration of tumors. We have previously demonstrated that the co-chaperone stress-inducible protein 1 (STI1) secreted by microglia promotes proliferation and migration of human glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines in vitro. In the present study, in order to investigate the role of STI1 in a physiological context, we used a glioma model to evaluate STI1 expression in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that STI1 expression in both the tumor and in the infiltrating GAMs and lymphocytes significantly increased with tumor progression. Interestingly, high expression of STI1 was observed in macrophages and lymphocytes that infiltrated brain tumors, whereas STI1 expression in the circulating blood monocytes and lymphocytes remained unchanged. Our results correlate, for the first time, the expression of STI1 and glioma progression, and suggest that STI1 expression in GAMs and infiltrating lymphocytes is modulated by the brain tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huaqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Haitao Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Ian Zhang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics & Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Leying Zhang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics & Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Flavia Regina Souza Lima
- Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics & Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, United States.
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