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Lin X, Tian M, Cao C, Shu T, Wang J, Wen Y, Su L, Zhang X. Strongly phosphorescent and water-soluble gold(I)-silver(I)-cysteine nanoplatelets via versatile small biomolecule cysteine-assisted synthesis for intracellular hypochlorite detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113571. [PMID: 34425519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In biological systems, abnormal levels of hypochlorite (ClO-) could result in cell dysfunctions. Herein, we report a facile, one-step and green approach based on the versatile small biomolecule cysteine both serving as reducing agent and ligand for synthesizing the strongly photoluminencent and water-soluble Au(I)-Ag(I)-cysteine complexes nanoplatelets (Au(I)-Ag(I)-Cys nanoplatelets) for intracellular hypochlorite detection. Multiple spectroscopic and microscopical tools have been used to characterize the resultant Au(I)-Ag(I)-Cys nanoplatelets. It was found that with the cysteine-assisted synthesis approach, the Ag(I) doping to the Au(I) complexes could form the supramolecular organometallic nanoplatelets. Inside, the Au(I)-Ag(I) metallophilic interactions showing an Au to Ag charge transfer property were formed, thereby enhancing the photoluminescence (PL) intensity via the charge transfer from the bioligand's S to the metal-metal center. The quantum yield (QY) was measured to show a maximum 16-fold enhancement (i.e., from 0.85 to 13.8%). Interestingly, in the presence of ClO-, the metal-thiolate ligand structure of the as-synthesized Au(I)-Ag(I)-Cys nanoplatelets could be oxidatively damaged, causing the PL quenching, thereby producing the effect of biorecognition towards ClO- anions. The ClO--induced PL quenching produced two linear regions at ClO- concentrations of 0.01-5.0 μM and 5.0-1000 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.0 nM (S/N = 3). The ClO--induced PL quenching was specific over the other typical reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the potential interfering substances in biological samples. In addition, the Au(I)-Ag(I)-Cys nanoplatelets had good biocompatibility. Thus, they could be further developed as a biosensor for detecting endogenous ClO- anions in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfang Lin
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Meng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Cao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Tong Shu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Lei Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
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