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Rotz SJ, Hamilton BK, Wei W, Ahmed I, Winston SA, Ballard S, Bernard RJ, Carpenter P, Farhadfar N, Ferraro C, Friend BD, Gloude NJ, Hayashi RJ, Hoyle K, Jenssen K, Koo J, Lee CJ, Mariano L, Nawabit R, Ngwube A, Lalefar N, Phelan R, Perkins L, Rao A, Rayes A, Sandheinrich T, Stafford L, Tomlinson K, Whiteside S, Wiedl C, Myers K. Fertility Potential and Gonadal Function in Survivors of Reduced-Intensity Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Transplant Cell Ther 2024; 30:534.e1-534.e13. [PMID: 38342136 PMCID: PMC11056299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The use of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens has increased in an effort to minimize hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) end-organ toxicity, including gonadal toxicity. We aimed to describe the incidence of fertility potential and gonadal function impairment in adolescent and young adult survivors of HCT and to identify risk factors (including conditioning intensity) for impairment. We performed a multi-institutional, international retrospective cohort study of patients age 10 to 40 years who underwent first allogeneic HCT before December 1, 2019, and who were alive, in remission, and available for follow-up at 1 to 2 years post-HCT. For females, an AMH level of ≥.5 ng/mL defined preserved fertility potential; an AMH level of ≥.03 ng/mL was considered detectable. Gonadal failure was defined for females as an elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level >30 mIU/mL with an estradiol (E2) level <17 pg/mL or current use of hormone replacement therapy (regardless of specific indication or intent). For males, gonadal failure was defined as an FSH level >10.4 mIU/mL or current use of hormone replacement therapy. A total of 326 patients (147 females) were available for analysis from 17 programs (13 pediatric, 4 adult). At 1 to 2 years post-HCT, 114 females (77.6%) had available FSH and E2 levels and 71 (48.3%) had available AMH levels. FSH levels were reported for 125 males (69.8%). Nearly all female HCT recipients had very low levels of AMH. One of 45 (2.2%) recipients of myeloablative conditioning (MAC) and four of 26 (15.4%) recipients of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) (P = .06) had an AMH ≥.5 ng/m, and 8 of 45 MAC recipients (17.8%) and 12 of 26 RIC recipients (46.2%) (P = .015) had a detectable AMH level. Total body irradiation (TBI) dose and cyclophosphamide equivalent dose (CED) were not associated with detectable AMH. The incidence of female gonadal hormone failure was 55.3%. In univariate analysis, older age at HCT was associated with greater likelihood of gonadal failure (median age, 17.6 versus 13.9; P < .0001), whereas conditioning intensity (RIC versus MAC), TBI, chronic graft-versus-host disease requiring systemic therapy, and CED were not significantly associated with gonadal function. In multivariable analysis, age remained statistically significant (odds ratio [OR]. 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.22) for each year increase; P = .012), Forty-four percent of the males had gonadal failure. In univariate analysis, older age (median, 16.2 years versus 14.4 years; P = .0005) and TBI dose (P = .002) were both associated with gonadal failure, whereas conditioning intensity (RIC versus MAC; P = .06) and CED (P = .07) were not statistically significant. In multivariable analysis, age (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06-1.27 for each year increase; P = .0016) and TBI ≥600 cGy (OR, 6.23; 95% CI, 2.21 to 19.15; P = .0008) remained significantly associated with gonadal failure. Our data indicate that RIC does not significantly mitigate the risk for gonadal failure in females or males. Age at HCT and (specifically in males) TBI use seem to be independent predictors of post-transplantation gonadal function and fertility status. All patients should receive pre-HCT infertility counseling and be offered appropriate fertility preservation options and be screened post-HCT for gonadal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Rotz
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Betty K Hamilton
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wei Wei
- Quantitate Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed
- Division of Pediatric Hem/Onc and BMT, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Sameeya Ahmed Winston
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Robyn J Bernard
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Nosha Farhadfar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainsville, Florida
| | - Christina Ferraro
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brian D Friend
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital; Houston, Texas
| | - Nicholas J Gloude
- MD Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, California
| | - Robert J Hayashi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kerry Hoyle
- Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kari Jenssen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jane Koo
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Catherine J Lee
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Livia Mariano
- Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rawan Nawabit
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Nahal Lalefar
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, California
| | - Rachel Phelan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Laynie Perkins
- Pediatric immunology and Hematopoietic stem cell transplant program, University of Utah/Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Ahmad Rayes
- Pediatric immunology and Hematopoietic stem cell transplant program, University of Utah/Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Taryn Sandheinrich
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lauren Stafford
- Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Stacy Whiteside
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christina Wiedl
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kasiani Myers
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Piekarski DJ, Colich NL, Ho TC. The effects of puberty and sex on adolescent white matter development: A systematic review. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101214. [PMID: 36913887 PMCID: PMC10010971 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence, the transition between childhood and adulthood, is characterized by rapid brain development in white matter (WM) that is attributed in part to rising levels in adrenal and gonadal hormones. The extent to which pubertal hormones and related neuroendocrine processes explain sex differences in WM during this period is unclear. In this systematic review, we sought to examine whether there are consistent associations between hormonal changes and morphological and microstructural properties of WM across species and whether these effects are sex-specific. We identified 90 (75 human, 15 non-human) studies that met inclusion criteria for our analyses. While studies in human adolescents show notable heterogeneity, results broadly demonstrate that increases in gonadal hormones across pubertal development are associated with macro- and microstructural changes in WM tracts that are consistent with the sex differences found in non-human animals, particularly in the corpus callosum. We discuss limitations of the current state of the science and recommend important future directions for investigators in the field to consider in order to advance our understanding of the neuroscience of puberty and to promote forward and backward translation across model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
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Chen BH, Huang YT, Lin TF. The "Hand as Foot" teaching method for left renal venous backflow. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:615-616. [PMID: 35879220 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Han Chen
- Department of Urology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tzu Huang
- Continuing Education Master's Program of Creativity Development, College of Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Sing Guo Elementary School, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Feng Lin
- Department of Urology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Saida T, Mori K, Masumoto T, Hoshiai S, Ishiguro T, Sakai M, Hara T, Ochi H, Satoh T, Minami M. Ovarian and non-ovarian teratomas: a wide spectrum of features. Jpn J Radiol 2021; 39:143-58. [PMID: 32875471 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-020-01035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Teratoma is a germ cell tumor (GCT) derived from stem cells of the early embryo and the germ line. Teratoma is the most common neoplasm of the ovaries and is usually diagnosed easily using imagings by detecting fat components. However, there are various histopathological types and the imaging findings differ according to the type. Teratoma usually occurs in the gonads or in the midline due to migration of primordial germ cells during development. The clinical course of teratomas depends on the age of the patient, histological type, and anatomical site. Sometimes teratomas show unusual manifestations, such as mature teratoma without demonstrable fat components, torsion, rupture, growing teratoma syndrome, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. For all of these reasons, teratomas demonstrate a wide spectrum of imaging features and radiologists should be familiar with these variabilities. The present article aims to introduce a model encompassing types of GCTs based on their developmental potential, and to review several histopathological types in various anatomical sites and unusual manifestations of teratomas, with representative imaging findings.
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Sun H, Ding H, Wang J, Zhang E, Fang Y, Li Z, Yu X, Wang C, Zhao Y, Chen K, Wen S, Li L, Shan S, Hong L, Chen F, Su P. The differences between gonadal and extra-gonadal malignant teratomas in both genders and the effects of chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:408. [PMID: 31039746 PMCID: PMC6492338 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A tumor comprising of different types of tissues (such as hair, muscle, bone, etc.) is known as a teratoma. It is a type of germ cell (cells that make sperm or eggs) tumor. When these germ cells have rapid cancerous growth, then such a teratoma is called a malignant teratoma. We have studied the differences between gonadal and extra-gonadal malignant teratomas and the effects of chemotherapy in both genders. Methods The samples of 3799 male and 1832 female patients with malignant teratoma samples, between the ages of 1 and 85+ years, were selected from the years 1973 to 2014. Trends in incidence, estimated prevalence, incidence rates, and frequency were calculated in gonadal and extra-gonadal tumors with age adjustment. The five-year observed, expected, and relative survival rates were analyzed to study the prognosis. Results The gonadal took over a majority percentage of malignant teratomas compared with the extra-gonadal (90% vs. 10% in male; 83% vs. 17% in female). For the male, the total of the gonadal and the extra-gonadal were all significantly decreased from 1973 to 2014 (p < 0.05). For the female, there were no significant trends. As for prevalence, incidence, and frequency, there were two separate peaks of malignant teratomas. One peak was at under 1 year old, which was composed of the extra-gonadal tumor; the other peak was at 20–24 for male and 10–34 for female, which was composed of the gonadal tumor. This separation of the gonadal and extra-gonadal showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). As for the prognosis, the extra-gonadal tumor showed significantly lower survival rates than the gonadal (p < 0.05). In the short term, the survival rate of the chemotherapy group was higher than the supportive care group. However, in the long term, the survival rate of the chemotherapy group was lower than the supportive care group. Conclusion The gonadal and extra-gonadal malignant teratomas show lots of differences. Chemotherapy might not help improve survival rates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5598-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth Peoples' Hospital, Tongji University, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Hongxin Ding
- Hospital of Yantai University, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Emma Zhang
- Mannjo Informatics Studio, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University School of Medicine, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Huangshan First Peoples' Hospital, Huangshan, China
| | - Chongren Wang
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth Peoples' Hospital, Tongji University, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth Peoples' Hospital, Tongji University, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Siwan Wen
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Hong
- Sam M. Walton College of Business, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Face Chen
- Department of Informatics, Discovery & Analytical Solutions, PerkinElmer, Shanghai, No.1670, Zhang Heng Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Pu Su
- Department of Informatics, Discovery & Analytical Solutions, PerkinElmer, Shanghai, No.1670, Zhang Heng Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Abstract
We report the case of a female found to have mosaicism for mutation in the STK11 gene, with the mutant allele expressed in her gametes, evident by her affected offspring, and in her gastrointestinal tract demonstrated on an excised polyp analysed for diagnosis. Mosaicism for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) has been reported in a small number of cases previously but a clinical presentation such as this has not previously been described. This finding of mosaicism was several years after initial investigations failed to identify the same STK11 mutation in this woman whose son was diagnosed with PJS at a young age. This case highlights the importance of considering mosaicism as an explanation for apparent de novo cases of PJS syndrome. It also has implications for genetic counselling, predictive testing and cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A D Spigelman
- Hunter Family Cancer Service, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R J Scott
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - R E Vilain
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology (North), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
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Crewther BT, Obmiński Z, Cook CJ. Serum cortisol as a moderator of the relationship between serum testosterone and Olympic weightlifting performance in real and simulated competitions. Biol Sport 2018; 35:215-21. [PMID: 30449938 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.74632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some equivocality exists regarding the effect of testosterone (T) on competitive performance with cortisol (C) implicated as a moderating factor. This study investigated whether C is moderating the T relationship with Olympic weightlifting (OWL) performance during real and simulated competitions. We monitored 105 male athletes (age 19.3±3.7 years); 46 during real OWL competitions (e.g., national age championships) and 59 across simulated events (e.g., talent identification). Serum T and C were assessed before warming up and within 15 minutes of event completion. Performance was indexed by the total combined load across the snatch and clean and jerk exercises. Hierarchical linear regression and simple slopes were employed to test the hormone and performance relationships. Pre-competition T (pre-T) and C (pre-C) were unrelated to OWL performance when controlling for competition type, time of day, age, and body mass (model=75.6% variance). However, the pre-T × pre-C interaction was significant (model=77% variance). Upon exploring this interaction, different pre-T and performance relationships emerged for males with high pre-C (β=-9.96) and low pre-C levels (β=9.04), with diverging slopes (p=0.006). The assessment of T changes and pre-C produced similar results. The association between male T and performance during OWL competition was determined by C activity, which could explain conflicting reports of T as a correlate of competitive abilities. Our results imply that T and C are not strictly anabolic and catabolic biomarkers of performance, respectively, but rather they exert complementary actions that could depend on task, situational and environmental needs.
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Foradori CD, Zimmerman AD, Coder PS, Peachee VL, Handa RJ, Kimber I, Pruett SB, Breckenridge CB. Lack of immunotoxic effects of repeated exposure to atrazine associated with the adaptation of adrenal gland activation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 89:200-214. [PMID: 28736286 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell-dependent IgM antibody production and natural killer cell (NKC) activity were assessed in SD rats orally administered atrazine for 28 days to males (0, 6.5, 25, or 100 mg/kg/day) or females (0, 3, 6, or 50 mg/kg/day), or 30 or 500 ppm in diet (3 or 51 mg/kg/day). Anti-asialo GM1 antibodies (NKC) and cyclophosphamide (antibody-forming cell assay [AFC]) served as positive controls. Pituitary (ACTH, prolactin), adrenal (corticosterone, progesterone, aldosterone), and gonadal (androgens, estrogens) hormones were assessed after 1, 7, and/or 28 days of treatment. Food intake and body weights were significantly reduced in the highest dosed males, and transiently affected in females. Urinary corticosterone levels were not increased in atrazine-treated groups in either sex at any time point measured (10, 22, or 24 days). Corticosterone and progesterone were elevated in males after a single atrazine dose ≥6.5 mg/kg/day, but not after 7, 14, or 28 doses. There were no effects on adrenal, pituitary, or gonadal hormones in females. Atrazine did not suppress the AFC response or decrease NKC function after 28 days in males or females. Atrazine had no effect on spleen weights or spleen cell numbers in males or females, although thymus weights were elevated in males receiving the highest dose. The lack of immunotoxic effect of atrazine was associated with diminished adrenal activation over time in males, and no effects on adrenal hormones in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Foradori
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Arthur D Zimmerman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Pragati S Coder
- Charles River Laboratories Ashland LLC, Ashland, OH, United States
| | | | - Robert J Handa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen B Pruett
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, United States
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McCormick CM, Green MR, Simone JJ. Translational relevance of rodent models of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and stressors in adolescence. Neurobiol Stress 2017; 6:31-43. [PMID: 28229107 PMCID: PMC5314422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevations in glucocorticoids that result from environmental stressors can have programming effects on brain structure and function when the exposure occurs during sensitive periods that involve heightened neural development. In recent years, adolescence has gained increasing attention as another sensitive period of development, a period in which pubertal transitions may increase the vulnerability to stressors. There are similarities in physical and behavioural development between humans and rats, and rats have been used effectively as an animal model of adolescence and the unique plasticity of this period of ontogeny. This review focuses on benefits and challenges of rats as a model for translational research on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function and stressors in adolescence, highlighting important parallels and contrasts between adolescent rats and humans, and we review the main stress procedures that are used in investigating HPA stress responses and their consequences in adolescence in rats. We conclude that a greater focus on timing of puberty as a factor in research in adolescent rats may increase the translational relevance of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M. McCormick
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Green
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jonathan J. Simone
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Igho OE. A 20-year retrospective study of histopathologic patterns of gonadal germ cell tumors in males in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Niger Med J 2016; 56:385-9. [PMID: 26903694 PMCID: PMC4743286 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.171619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Localization of germ cells tumors to the gonads is not uncommon and has been shown to possess good prognosis with appropriate treatment. Studies on the prevalence and histopathologic features of these tumors in Nigerians are, however, rare. This study was, therefore, aimed at determining the pattern of gonadal germ cell tumors (GGCTs) in Benin and environs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a 20-year retrospective study conducted at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital 9-(UBTH), a tertiary health facility in Benin City. Data were obtained from the histopathology day book of the Department of Morbid Anatomy of the UBTH, and permission was obtained from the UBTH Ethics Committee protocol number ADM/E 22/A/VOL.VH/928 with results displayed in tables and figures. RESULTS Intratubular germ cell neoplasms (ITGN) was the most common GGCT with about 33.3% of the total and was distributed within the fourth to fifth decades of life; benign cystic teratoma and choriocarcinoma were observed to have a low occurrence with 8.3% each found in age groups 11-20 and 21-30 years, respectively. The studied gonadal lesions were most frequent at the left testis and were predominantly premalignant forms. CONCLUSION This was an index study on patterns of GGCTs in males in UBTH, and it showed that GGCTs in males were predominantly premalignant with ITGN as the most common type of testicular germ cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odokuma Emmanuel Igho
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
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Sase S, Meyer K, Lubec G, Korz V. Different expression of membrane-bound and cytosolic hippocampal steroid receptor complexes during spatial training in young male rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:1819-27. [PMID: 25258178 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain steroid receptors are involved in mediating stress responses and cognitive processes throughfast non-genomic signaling of membrane-bound receptors or through the slower genomic actions of cytosolic receptors. Although the contribution of these different pathways in the formation and maintenance of memories has been widely discussed, little is known about the regulation of membrane versus cytosolic receptors during a learning task. Besides the relatively well studied corticosterone-binding glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors, sex steroid hormone receptors, such as the androgen and estrogen (ERα and ERβ) receptors, have also been shown to be involved in the regulation of stress and cognition. Moreover, the latter receptors are known to be functional in both sexes. Therefore, we studied the expression of hippocampal receptors in both cellular fractions during spatial learning in male rats. Membrane and cytosolic GR were shown to be downregulated after memory acquisition and unaffected after consolidation, whereas membrane MR was upregulated after both learning phases and unaffected in the cytosol. Cytosolic ERα was downregulated after both phases and unaffected in the membrane. The remaining receptors were not regulated. The data suggest a specific role of MR and ERα during training as fast and slow mediators, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunetra Sase
- University of Vienna, Department of Pediatrics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Meyer
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; University of Magdeburg, Institute of Biology, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gert Lubec
- University of Vienna, Department of Pediatrics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Korz
- University of Magdeburg, Institute of Biology, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Braun CMJ, Roberge C. Gender-related protection from or vulnerability to severe CNS diseases: gonado-structural and/or gonado-activational? A meta-analysis of relevant epidemiological studies. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 38:36-51. [PMID: 25109841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vast scientific literature has dealt with gender-specific risk for brain disorder. That field is evolving toward a consensus to the effect that the estrogen hormone family is outstandingly and uniquely neuroprotective. However, the epidemiology relevant to this general outlook remains piecemeal. METHOD The present investigation strategically formats the relevant epidemiological findings around the world in order to quantitatively meta-analyze gender ratio of risk for a variety of relevant severe central nervous system (CNS) diseases at all three gonadal stages of the life cycle, pre pubertal, post adolescent/pre menopausal, and post menopausal. RESULTS The data quantitatively establish that (1) no single epidemiological study should be cited as evidence of gender-specific neuroprotection against the most common severe CNS diseases because the gender-specific risk ratios are contradictory from one study to the other; (2) risk for severe CNS disease is indeed significantly gender-specific, but either gender can be protected: it depends on the disease, not at all on the age bracket. CONCLUSION Our assay of gender-specific risk for severe brain disease around the world has not been able to support the idea according to which any one gender-prevalent gonadal steroid hormone dominates as a neuroprotective agent at natural concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude M J Braun
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
| | - Carl Roberge
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
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Betterle C, Zanchetta R. The immunofluorescence techniques in the diagnosis of endocrine autoimmune diseases. Auto Immun Highlights 2012; 3:67-78. [PMID: 26000129 PMCID: PMC4389068 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-012-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In the study of autoimmune diseases, the laboratory plays a very important role. We describe the immunofluorescence techniques (direct, indirect, complement-fixing, double) for determining the presence of autoantibodies and their role in the autoimmune endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Betterle
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua Medical School, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Renato Zanchetta
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua Medical School, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128 Padua, Italy
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