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Petrash DA, Krám P, Pérez-Rivera KX, Bůzek F, Čuřík J, Veselovský F, Novák M. Soil solution data from Bohemian headwater catchments record atmospheric metal deposition and legacy pollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:48232-48247. [PMID: 36752921 PMCID: PMC10097769 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil solution chemistry depends largely on mineralogy and organic matter properties of soil horizons with which they interact. Differing lithologies within a given catchment area can influence variability in soil cation exchange capacities and affect solute transport. Zero-tension and tension lysimeters were used to evaluate the fast transport of solutes in the topsoil vs. slow diffusional matrix flow at the subsoil of three contrasting lithology catchments in a mid-elevation mountain forest. Our aim was to test the feasibility of lysimeters' hydrochemical data as a gauge for legacy subsoil pollution. Due to contrasting lithologies, atmospheric legacy pollution prevailing at the soil-regolith interface is differently yet consistently reflected by beryllium, lead, and chromium soil solution concentrations of the three catchments. Geochemical (dis)equilibrium between the soil and soil matrix water governed the hydrochemistry of the soil solutions at the time of collection, potentially contributing to decreased dissolved concentrations with increased depths at sites with higher soil pH. A complementary isotopic δ18O runoff generation model constrained potential seasonal responses and pointed to sufficiently long water-regolith interactions as to permit important seasonal contributions of groundwater enriched in chemical species to the topsoil levels. Our study also reflects subsoil equilibration with atmospheric solutes deposited at the topsoil and thus provides guidance for evaluating legacy pollution in soil profiles derived from contrasting lithology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Petrash
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia.
- Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czechia.
| | - Pavel Krám
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - Katherine X Pérez-Rivera
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 926 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - František Bůzek
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - Jan Čuřík
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - Frantisek Veselovský
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - Martin Novák
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia
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