1
|
Togashi K, Watanabe T, Ogino A, Shinomiya M, Kinukawa M, Kurogi K, Toda S. Development of an index that decreases birth weight, promotes postnatal growth and yet minimizes selection intensity in beef cattle. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:839-851. [PMID: 38271985 PMCID: PMC11065704 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main goal of our current study was to improve the growth curve of meat animals by decreasing the birth weight while achieving a finishing weight that is the same as that before selection but at younger age. METHODS Random regression model was developed to derive various selection indices to achieve desired gains in body weight at target time points throughout the fattening process. We considered absolute and proportional gains at specific ages (in weeks) and for various stages (i.e., early, middle, late) during the fattening process. RESULTS The point gain index was particularly easy to use because breeders can assign a specific age (in weeks) as a time point and model either the actual weight gain desired or a scaled percentage gain in body weight. CONCLUSION The point gain index we developed can achieve the desired weight gain at any given postnatal week of the growing process and is an easy-to-use and practical option for improving the growth curve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Togashi
- Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0121,
Japan (Retired)
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0121,
Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogino
- Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0121,
Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinomiya
- Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0041,
Japan
| | - Masashi Kinukawa
- Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0121,
Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kurogi
- Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0041,
Japan
| | - Shohei Toda
- Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0121,
Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Retes PL, das Neves DG, Bernardes LF, Alves VV, Gonçalves NDC, Lima DDR, Alvarenga RR, Pereira BA, Seidavi A, Zangeronimo MG. Dietary crude protein levels during growth phase affects reproductive characteristics but not reproductive efficiency of adult male Japanese quails. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:385-398. [PMID: 34530517 PMCID: PMC8902231 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective was to evaluate the influence of different dietary crude protein (CP) levels during the growth phase on reproductive characteristics and reproductive efficiency as well as the body development of adult male Japanese quail. Methods Three hundred one-day-old male quails were distributed into five treatments with diets containing different CP levels (18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, and 26%) in a completely randomized design, with six replicates of ten birds each. The CP diets were applied only during the growth phase (1 to 35 days). At 36 days of age, the birds were transferred to 30 laying cages with three males and nine females each, and all birds received the same diet formulated to meet production-phase requirements until 96 days of age. Results The growth rate of the birds increased linearly (p<0.01) with increasing dietary CP, but the age of maximum growth decreased (p<0.05). At growth maturity, all birds had the same body weight (p>0.05). At 35 days of age, higher weight gain was obtained (p<0.05) with diets containing 22% CP or higher. No effects on feed conversion were observed in this phase. The increase in dietary CP enhanced (p<0.01) nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion but did not affect (p>0.05) nitrogen retention. Testis size, seminiferous tubular area, number of spermatogonia, and germinal epithelial height at 35 days of age increased linearly (p<0.05) with dietary CP, while the number of Leydig cells decreased (p<0.01). The Sertoli cell number at 60 days of age increased linearly (p<0.01) with dietary CP. Dietary CP levels did not affect cloacal gland size, foam weight, foam protein concentration, semen volume, or flock fertility at 90 days of age. Conclusion Dietary CP concentration affected body and testicular development in male Japanese quails but did not affect reproductive efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Lacombe Retes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, 37200 Brazil
| | | | | | - Victoria Veiga Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, 37200 Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, 4147654919, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo J, Shen L, Gan M, Jiang A, Chen L, Ma J, Jin L, Liu Y, Tang G, Jiang Y, Li M, Li X, Zhang S, Zhu L. Profiling of skeletal muscle tissue for long non-coding RNAs related to muscle metabolism in the QingYu pig at the growth inflection point. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:1309-1320. [PMID: 33152219 PMCID: PMC8255898 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigation of muscle growth at different developmental stages is an appropriate strategy for studying the mechanisms underlying muscle development and differences in phenotypes. In particular, the muscle development mechanisms and the difference between the fastest and slowest growth rates. METHODS In this study, we used a growth curve model to fit the growth inflection point (IP) of QingYu pigs and compared differences in the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcriptome of muscle both at the growth IP and plateau phase (PP). RESULTS The growth curve of the QingYu pig had a good fit (R2 = 0.974) relative to a typical S-curve and reached the IP at day 177.96. At the PP, marbling, intramuscular fat, and monounsaturated fatty acids had increased significantly and the percentage of lean muscle and polyunsaturated fatty acids had decreased. A total of 1,199 mRNAs and 62 lncRNAs were differentially expressed at the IP compared with the PP. Additional to gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analyses, these differentially expressed protein coding genes were principally related to muscle growth and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the identified differentially expressed lncRNAs, could play roles in muscle growth, fat deposition and regulation of fatty acid composition at the IP and PP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mailin Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Anan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Long Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yihui Liu
- Sichuan Province General Station of Animal Husbandry, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo J, Lei H, Shen L, Yang R, Pu Q, Zhu K, Li M, Tang G, Li X, Zhang S, Zhu L. Estimation of Growth Curves and Suitable Slaughter Weight of the Liangshan Pig. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:1252-8. [PMID: 26194218 PMCID: PMC4554864 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Liangshan pig is a traditional Chinese small-sized breed; it has a relatively long feeding period and low meat production ability but superior meat quality. This study utilized three non-linear growth models (Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and logistic) to fit the growth curve of Liangshan pigs from an unselected, random-bred pig population and estimate the pigs most suitable slaughter weight. The growth development data at 20 time points of 275 Liangshan pigs (from birth to 250 d) were collected. To analyze the relative gene expression related to development, seven slaughter weight phases (50, 58, 66, 74, 82, 90, and 98 kg) (20 pigs per phase) were examined. We found that the Liangshan pig growth curve fit the typical S-curve well and that their growth turning point was 193.4 days at a weight of 62.5 kg, according to the best fit Von Bertalanffy model based on the goodness of fit criteria. Furthermore, we estimated that the most suitable slaughter weight was 62.5 to 74.9 kg based on the growth curve and the relative expression levels of growth-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Huaigang Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China ; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Runlin Yang
- Mabian Gold LiangShan Agricultural Development Co., LTD, Mabian, Sichuan 614600, China
| | - Qiang Pu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Kangping Zhu
- Sichuan Tequ Investment Group Ltd Co., Chengdou 610200, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee JH, Oh SH, Lee YM, Kim YS, Son HJ, Jeong DJ, Whitley NC, Kim JJ. Study on Growth Curves of Longissimus dorsi Muscle Area, Backfat Thickness and Body Conformation for Hanwoo (Korean Native) Cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1250-3. [PMID: 25178367 PMCID: PMC4150190 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the parameters of Gompertz growth curves with the measurements of body conformation, real-time ultrasound longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA) and backfat thickness (BFT) in Hanwoo cows. The Hanwoo cows (n = 3,373) were born in 97 Hanwoo commercial farms in the 17 cities or counties of Gyeongbuk province, Korea, between 2000 and 2007. A total of 5,504 ultrasound measurements were collected for the cows at the age of 13 to 165 months in 2007 and 2008. Wither height (HW), rump height (HR), the horizontal distance between the top of the hips (WH), and girth of chest (GC) were also measured. Analysis of variance was conducted to investigate variables affecting LMA and BFT. The effect of farm nested in location was included in the statistical model, as well as the effects of HW, HR, WH, and GC as covariates. All of the effects were significant in the analysis of variance for LMA and BFT (p<0.01), except for the HR effect for LMA. The two ultrasound measures and the four body conformation traits were fitted to a Gompertz growth curve function to estimate parameters. Upper asymptotic weights were estimated as 54.0 cm2, 7.67 mm, 125.6 cm, 126.4 cm, 29.3 cm, and 184.1 cm, for LMA, BFT, HW, HR, WH, and GC, respectively. Results of ultrasound measurements showed that Hanwoo cows had smaller LMA and greater BFT than other western cattle breeds, suggesting that care must be taken to select for thick BFT rather than an increase of only beef yield. More ultrasound records per cow are needed to get accurate estimates of growth curve, which, thus, helps producers select animals with high accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - S-H Oh
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Y M Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - H J Son
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 750-871, Korea
| | - D J Jeong
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 750-871, Korea
| | - N C Whitley
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - J J Kim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| |
Collapse
|