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Zaker SR, Nili H, Asasi K. Apoptosis in field and experimental cases of avian influenza H 9N 2 infection in broiler chickens in Iran. Vet Res Forum 2022; 13:439-441. [PMID: 36320299 PMCID: PMC9548237 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2020.119136.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 is widely circulating around the globe affecting many species of animal including mammals and birds as well as human beings. The virus has pandemic potential due to segmented nature of the viral genome. Ultra-structural features of apoptosis in field and experimental infection of H9N2 avian influenza virus were studied. Freshly dead birds from affected broiler farms and experimentally infected broiler chickens with H9N2 subtypes were subjected to routine necropsy. Post-mortem findings in different organs were recorded. Appropriate specimens from the trachea were taken for electron microscopy studies. In electron microscopy study, frequent apoptotic bodies were observed in the epithelial cells of the trachea. Increase of antibody titer to H9N2 virus following challenge with the virus in experimental group indicates that the infectious cycle has been initiated in the affected birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Rasoul Zaker
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; ,Correspondences Sayed Rasoul Zaker. DVM Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: Hassan Nili. DVM, PhD Avian Diseases Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Hassan Nili
- Avian Diseases Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.,Correspondences Sayed Rasoul Zaker. DVM Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: Hassan Nili. DVM, PhD Avian Diseases Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Keramat Asasi
- Avian Diseases Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Mignani S, Shi X, Rodrigues J, Tomás H, Majoral JP. Dendrimer nanoplatforms for veterinary medicine applications: A concise overview. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1251-1260. [PMID: 34999213 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Within the nanoparticle (NP) space, dendrimers are becoming increasingly important in the field of nanomedicine, not only to treat human diseases, but also in veterinary medicine, which represents a new therapeutic approach. Major applications include using dendrimers to tackle highly contagious foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and swine fever virus (SFV) in pigs, FMDV in cattle, hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) in dogs, rabies, and H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens. As we review here, intramuscular (im) subcutaneous (sc), intravenous (iv), and intraperitoneal (ip) routes of administration can be used for the successful application of dendrimers in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, 45, Rue des Saints Peres, 75006 Paris, France; CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Nano Energy Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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Zhao K, Rong G, Teng Q, Li X, Lan H, Yu L, Yu S, Jin Z, Chen G, Li Z. Dendrigraft poly-L-lysines delivery of DNA vaccine effectively enhances the immunogenic responses against H9N2 avian influenza virus infection in chickens. Nanomedicine 2020; 27:102209. [PMID: 32305593 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable nanomaterials can protect antigens from degradation, promote cellular absorption, and enhance immune responses. We constructed a eukaryotic plasmid [pCAGGS-opti441-hemagglutinin (HA)] by inserting the optimized HA gene fragment of H9N2 AIV into the pCAGGS vector. The pCAGGS-opti441-HA/DGL was developed through packaging the pCAGGS-opti441-HA with dendrigraft poly-l-lysines (DGLs). DGL not only protected the pCAGGS-opti441-HA from degradation, but also exhibited high transfection efficiency. Strong cellular immune responses were induced in chickens immunized with the pCAGGS-opti441-HA/DGL. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-2, and lymphocyte transformation rate of the vaccinated chickens increased at the third week post the immunization. For the vaccinated chickens, T lymphocytes were activated and proliferated, the numbers of CD3+CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ increased, and the chickens were protected completely against H9N2 AIV challenge. This study provides a method for the development of novel AIV vaccines, and a theoretical basis for the development of safe and efficient gene delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.
| | - Guangyu Rong
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China; Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogenic Ecology Research on Animal Influenza, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyang Teng
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogenic Ecology Research on Animal Influenza, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogenic Ecology Research on Animal Influenza, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailing Lan
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China; Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogenic Ecology Research on Animal Influenza, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Zejun Li
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogenic Ecology Research on Animal Influenza, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China.
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