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Abstract
The major adaptive response to hypoxia involves hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α which is regulated by von Hippel Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase. We previously observed a stabilization of HIF-1α by cyclin-dependent kinases CDK1 and CDK4/6 that is independent of VHL, hypoxia or p53, and found that CDK4/6 inhibitors destabilize HIF-1α under normoxia and hypoxia. To further investigate the molecular mechanism of HIF-1α destabilization by CDK1 or CDK4/6 inhibitors, we performed a proteomic screen on immunoprecipitated HIF-1α from hypoxic colorectal cancer cells that were either untreated or treated with CDK1 inhibitor Ro3306 and CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Our proteomics screen identified a number of candidates that were enriched in palbociclib-treated hypoxic cells including SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (Smurf2). We also identified a HIF-1α peptide that appeared to be differentially phosphorylated after palbociclib treatment. Gene knockdown of SMURF2 increased basal expression of HIF-1α even in the presence of Ro3306 or two different CDK4/6 inhibitors, palbociclib and abemaciclib. Overexpression of Smurf2 inhibited expression of HIF-1α and enhanced HIF-1α ubiquitination in normoxia. Proteasome inhibitor MG-132 partially rescued HIF-1α expression when Smurf2 was overexpressed. Smurf2 overexpression also inhibited HIF-1α expression level in two other cell lines, SW480 and VHL-deficient RCC4. Overexpression of SMURF2 mRNA is correlated with improved disease-free survival and overall survival in clear cell renal cell cancer. Our results unravel a previously unknown mechanism involving Smurf2 for HIF-1α destabilization in CDK4/6 inhibitor-treated cells, thereby shedding light on VHL-independent HIF-1α regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
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Turhan A, Pereira MT, Schuler G, Bleul U, Kowalewski MP. Hypoxia-inducible factor ( HIF1alpha) inhibition modulates cumulus cell function and affects bovine oocyte maturation in vitro†. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:479-491. [PMID: 33095229 PMCID: PMC7876663 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various metabolic and hormonal factors expressed in cumulus cells are positively correlated with the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes. However, the role of hypoxia sensing both during maturation of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) as well as during the resumption of meiosis remains uncertain. HIF1alpha plays major roles in cellular responses to hypoxia, and here we investigated its role during bovine COC maturation by assessing the expression of related genes in cumulus cells. COCs were divided into the following groups: immature (control), in vitro matured (IVM/control), or matured in the presence of a blocker of HIF1alpha activity (echinomycin, IVM/E). We found an inhibition of cumulus cell expansion in IVM/E, compared with the IVM/control. Transcript levels of several factors (n = 13) were assessed in cumulus cells. Decreased expression of HAS2, TNFAIP6, TMSB4, TMSB10, GATM, GLUT1, CX43, COX2, PTGES, and STAR was found in IVM/E (P < 0.05). Additionally, decreased protein levels were detected for STAR, HAS2, and PCNA (P < 0.05), while activated-Caspase 3 remained unaffected in IVM/E. Progesterone output decreased in IVM/E. The application of PX-478, another blocker of HIF1alpha expression, yielded identical results. Negative effects of HIF1alpha suppression were further observed in the significantly decreased oocyte maturation and blastocyst rates from COCs matured with echinomycin (P < 0.05) or PX-478 (P < 0.05). These results support the importance of HIF1alpha for COC maturation and subsequent embryo development. HIF1alpha is a multidirectional factor controlling intercellular communication within COCs, steroidogenic activity, and oocyte development rates, and exerting effects on blastocyst rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Turhan
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Farm Animals, Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Tavares Pereira
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bleul
- Department of Farm Animals, Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Liu X, Feng S, Zhang XD, Li J, Zhang K, Wu M, Thorne RF. Non-coding RNAs, metabolic stress and adaptive mechanisms in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 491:60-69. [PMID: 32726612 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer describes the multifaceted alterations in metabolism that contribute to tumorigenesis. Major determinants of metabolic phenotypes are the changes in signalling pathways associated with oncogenic activation together with cues from the tumor microenvironment. Therein, depleted oxygen and nutrient levels elicit metabolic stress, requiring cancer cells to engage adaptive mechanisms. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) act as regulatory elements within metabolic pathways and their widespread dysregulation in cancer contributes to altered metabolic phenotypes. Indeed, ncRNAs are the regulatory accomplices of many prominent effectors of metabolic reprogramming including c-MYC and HIFs that are activated by metabolic stress. By example, this review illustrates the range of ncRNAs mechanisms impacting these effectors throughout their DNA-RNA-protein lifecycle along with presenting the mechanistic roles of ncRNAs in adaptive responses to glucose, glutamine and lipid deprivation. We also discuss the facultative activation of metabolic enzymes by ncRNAs, a phenomenon which may reflect a broad but currently invisible level of metabolic regulation. Finally, the translational challenges associated with ncRNA discoveries are discussed, emphasizing the gaps in knowledge together with importance of understanding the molecular basis of ncRNA regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Molecular Pathology Centre, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450053, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Molecular Pathology Centre, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450053, China; School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jinming Li
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Molecular Pathology Centre, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450053, China
| | - Kaiguang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Mian Wu
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Molecular Pathology Centre, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450053, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation & Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Molecular Pathology Centre, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450053, China; School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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4
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Han JE, Lim PW, Na CM, Choi YS, Lee JY, Kim Y, Park HW, Moon HE, Heo MS, Park HR, Kim DG, Paek SH. Inhibition of HIF1α and PDK Induces Cell Death of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Exp Neurobiol 2017; 26:295-306. [PMID: 29093638 PMCID: PMC5661062 DOI: 10.5607/en.2017.26.5.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of brain tumors. GBMs, like other tumors, rely relatively less on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and utilize more aerobic glycolysis, and this metabolic shift becomes augmented under hypoxia. In the present study, we investigated the physiological significance of altered glucose metabolism and hypoxic adaptation in the GBM cell line U251 and two newly established primary GBMs (GBM28 and GBM37). We found that these three GBMs exhibited differential growth rates under hypoxia compared to those under normoxia. Under normoxia, the basal expressions of HIF1α and the glycolysis-associated genes, PDK1, PDK3, and GLUT1, were relatively low in U251 and GBM28, while their basal expressions were high in GBM37. Under hypoxia, the expressions of these genes were enhanced further in all three GBMs. Treatment with dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), induced cell death in GBM28 and GBM37 maintained under normoxia, whereas DCA effects disappeared under hypoxia, suggesting that hypoxic adaptation dominated DCA effects in these GBMs. In contrast, the inhibition of HIF1α with chrysin suppressed the expression of PDK1, PDK3, and GLUT1 and markedly promoted cell death of all GBMs under both normoxia and hypoxia. Interestingly, however, GBMs treated with chrysin under hypoxia still sustained higher viability than those under normoxia, and chrysin and DCA co-treatment was unable to eliminate this hypoxia-dependent resistance. Together, these results suggest that hypoxic adaptation is critical for maintaining viability of GBMs, and targeting hypoxic adaptation can be an important treatment option for GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Esther Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Pyung Won Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Chul Min Na
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - You Sik Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Yona Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Man Seung Heo
- Smart Healthcare Medical Device Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Hypoxia Ischemia Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
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Nguyen A, Moussallieh FM, Mackay A, Cicek AE, Coca A, Chenard MP, Weingertner N, Lhermitte B, Letouzé E, Guérin E, Pencreach E, Jannier S, Guenot D, Namer IJ, Jones C, Entz-Werlé N. Characterization of the transcriptional and metabolic responses of pediatric high grade gliomas to mTOR-HIF-1α axis inhibition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71597-71617. [PMID: 29069732 PMCID: PMC5641075 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high grade glioma (pHGGs), including sus-tentorial and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, are known to have a very dismal prognosis. For instance, even an increased knowledge on molecular biology driving this brain tumor entity, there is no treatment able to cure those patients. Therefore, we were focusing on a translational pathway able to increase the cell resistance to treatment and to reprogram metabolically tumor cells, which are, then, adapting easily to a hypoxic microenvironment. To establish, the crucial role of the hypoxic pathways in pHGGs, we, first, assessed their protein and transcriptomic deregulations in a pediatric cohort of pHGGs and in pHGG's cell lines, cultured in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Secondly, based on the concept of a bi-therapy targeting in pHGGs mTORC1 (rapamycin) and HIF-1α (irinotecan), we hypothesized that the balanced expressions between RAS/ERK, PI3K/AKT and HIF-1α/HIF-2α/MYC proteins or genes may provide a modulation of the cell response to this double targeting. Finally, we could evidence three protein, genomic and metabolomic profiles of response to rapamycin combined with irinotecan. The pattern of highly sensitive cells to mTOR/HIF-1α targeting was linked to a MYC/ERK/HIF-1α over-expression and the cell resistance to a major hyper-expression of HIF-2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Nguyen
- Laboratory EA 3430, Progression Tumorale et Micro-Environnement, Approches Translationnelles et Epidémiologie, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Alan Mackay
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - A Ercument Cicek
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Computer Engineering Department, Bilkent University, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Andres Coca
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Pierre Chenard
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Ressources Biologiques, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Noelle Weingertner
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoit Lhermitte
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Eric Guérin
- Laboratory EA 3430, Progression Tumorale et Micro-Environnement, Approches Translationnelles et Epidémiologie, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Erwan Pencreach
- Laboratory EA 3430, Progression Tumorale et Micro-Environnement, Approches Translationnelles et Epidémiologie, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Jannier
- Laboratory EA 3430, Progression Tumorale et Micro-Environnement, Approches Translationnelles et Epidémiologie, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Pediatric Onco-hematology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Guenot
- Laboratory EA 3430, Progression Tumorale et Micro-Environnement, Approches Translationnelles et Epidémiologie, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Izzie Jacques Namer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chris Jones
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Natacha Entz-Werlé
- Laboratory EA 3430, Progression Tumorale et Micro-Environnement, Approches Translationnelles et Epidémiologie, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Pediatric Onco-hematology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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6
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Pasello G, Urso L, Mencoboni M, Grosso F, Ceresoli GL, Lunardi F, Vuljan SE, Bertorelle R, Sacchetto V, Ciminale V, Rea F, Favaretto A, Conte P, Calabrese F. MDM2 and HIF1alpha expression levels in different histologic subtypes of malignant pleural mesothelioma: correlation with pathological and clinical data. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42053-66. [PMID: 26544728 PMCID: PMC4747209 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Sarcomatoid/biphasic mesotheliomas are characterized by more aggressive behaviour and a poorer prognosis compared with the epithelioid subtype. To date prognostic and tailored therapeutic biomarkers are lacking. The present study analyzed the expression levels of MDM2 and HIF1alpha in different histologic subtypes from chemonaive MPM patients. Diagnostic biopsies of MPM patients from four Italian cancer centers were centrally collected and analyzed. MDM2 and HIF1alpha expression levels were investigated through immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Pathological assessment of necrosis, inflammation and proliferation index was also performed. Molecular markers, pathological features and clinical characteristics were correlated to overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Sixty MPM patients were included in the study (32 epithelioid and 28 non-epithelioid). Higher levels of MDM2 (p < 0.001), HIF1alpha (p = 0.013), necrosis (p = 0.013) and proliferation index (p < 0.001) were seen mainly in sarcomatoid/biphasic subtypes. Higher levels of inflammation were significantly associated with epithelioid subtype (p = 0.044). MDM2 expression levels were correlated with HIF1alpha levels (p = 0.0001), necrosis (p = 0.008) and proliferation index (p = 0.009). Univariate analysis showed a significant correlation of non-epithelioid histology (p = 0.04), high levels of necrosis (p = 0.037) and proliferation index (p = 0.0002) with shorter PFS. Sarcomatoid/biphasic and epithelioid mesotheliomas showed different MDM2 and HIF1alpha expression levels and were characterized by different levels of necrosis, proliferation and inflammation. Further studies are warranted to confirm a prognostic and predictive role of such markers and features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pasello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS Padova, Italy
| | - Loredana Urso
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Federica Grosso
- Oncohematologic Department, Mesothelioma Unit, Oncology, SS Antonio e Biagio General Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Lunardi
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Edith Vuljan
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Bertorelle
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Sacchetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Adolfo Favaretto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS Padova, Italy
| | - PierFranco Conte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Lévigne D, Modarressi A, Krause KH, Pittet-Cuénod B. NADPH oxidase 4 deficiency leads to impaired wound repair and reduced dityrosine-crosslinking, but does not affect myofibroblast formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:374-84. [PMID: 27140231 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOX) mediate redox signaling by generating superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide, which are involved in biosynthetic pathways, e.g. thyroid hormone generation, dityrosine crosslinking, as well as bacterial killing. Data investigating the role of NOX enzymes in cutaneous wound repair is limited and specifically their function in skin myofibroblast expression is unknown. The isoform NOX4 was recently shown to be a pre-requisite for the differentiation of cardiac and pulmonary myofibroblasts. In this study we investigate the role of NOX4 in wound repair using a wound model in NOX4 knockout mice (n=16) and wildtype mice (n=16). Wounds were photographed daily until complete wound closure. Mice were sacrificed at day 3, 7, 14; wound tissue was harvested. NOX4-deficient mice healed significantly slower (22 days, SD=1.9) than wild-type mice (17 days, SD=1.4, p<0.005). However, there was no difference in myofibroblast expression. Strong dityrosine formation was observed, but was significantly weaker in NOX4-/- mice (p<0.05). NOX2, HIF1α and CD31 expression was significantly weaker in NOX4-/- mice (p<0.05). In this study we show for the first time that NOX4 plays a role in cutaneous wound repair. Our data suggests that NOX4 mediates HIF1α expression and neoangiogenesis during wound repair. NOX4 deletion led to a decreased expression of NOX2, implying a role of NOX4 in phagocytic cell recruitment. NOX4 was required for effective wound contraction but not myofibroblast expression. We suggest that myofibroblast contraction in NOX4-deficient mice is less effective in contracting the wound because of insufficient dityrosine-crosslinking of the ECM, providing the first indication for a physiological function of dityrosine crosslinking in higher animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lévigne
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ali Modarressi
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Pittet-Cuénod
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Hwang-Verslues WW, Chang PH, Jeng YM, Kuo WH, Chiang PH, Chang YC, Hsieh TH, Su FY, Lin LC, Abbondante S, Yang CY, Hsu HM, Yu JC, Chang KJ, Shew JY, Lee EY, Lee WH. Loss of corepressor PER2 under hypoxia up-regulates OCT1-mediated EMT gene expression and enhances tumor malignancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12331-6. [PMID: 23836662 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222684110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock gene Period2 (PER2) has been suggested to be a tumor suppressor. However, detailed mechanistic evidence has not been provided to support this hypothesis. We found that loss of PER2 enhanced invasion and activated expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes including TWIST1, SLUG, and SNAIL. This finding was corroborated by clinical observation that PER2 down-regulation was associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. We further demonstrated that PER2 served as a transcriptional corepressor, which recruited polycomb proteins EZH2 and SUZ12 as well as HDAC2 to octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1) (POU2F1) binding sites of the TWIST1 and SLUG promoters to repress expression of these EMT genes. Hypoxia, a condition commonly observed in tumors, caused PER2 degradation and disrupted the PER2 repressor complex, leading to activation of EMT gene expression. This result was further supported by clinical data showing a significant negative correlation between hypoxia and PER2. Thus, our findings clearly demonstrate the tumor suppression function of PER2 and elucidate a pathway by which hypoxia promotes EMT via degradation of PER2.
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