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Porter TJ, Lazarevic A, Ziggas JE, Fuchs E, Kim K, Byrnes H, Luznik L, Bolaños-Meade J, Ali SA, Shah NN, Wagner-Johnston N, Jain T. Hyperinflammatory syndrome resembling haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following axicabtagene ciloleucel and brexucabtagene autoleucel. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:720-727. [PMID: 36111395 PMCID: PMC10661175 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like toxicity following chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-HLH) is being increasingly recognized, while published data are limited and criteria for recognition are elusive. We describe three patients who developed CAR-HLH after infusion of brexucabtagene autoleucel (n = 2) or axicabtagene ciloleucel (n = 1). All three patients presented following cytokine release syndrome, with fever, recurrent or worsening cytopenias, hyperferritinaemia, elevated soluble interleukin (IL)-2 receptor, hypofibrinogenaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, elevated liver transaminases, and decreasing C-reactive protein and IL-6. Clinical improvement following treatment with anakinra (n = 2) and ruxolitinib (n = 1) was observed. Our report offers an opportunity for prompt recognition and initiation of potentially life-saving treatment for CAR-HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Porter
- Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ana Lazarevic
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie E. Ziggas
- Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ephraim Fuchs
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kiryoung Kim
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen Byrnes
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leo Luznik
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Javier Bolaños-Meade
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Syed Abbas Ali
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nirali N. Shah
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nina Wagner-Johnston
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tania Jain
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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