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Caso G, Blasi E, Cembalo L, Vecchio R. This cookie will save the planet! The effect of a private sustainability claim on consumers' expectations. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14206. [PMID: 36942231 PMCID: PMC10023922 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current study investigates whether a private, sustainability claim has an impact on individuals' sensory and non-sensory expectations (halo effect) and quantifies such impact on individual monetary preferences. An incentive-compatible artefactual field experiment was performed by recruiting regular buyers and consumers of the investigated product (cookies). Results reveal that the sustainable agriculture claim generates high (unrelated) expectations and a statistically significant premium price compared to the conventional counterpart. Additionally, these expectations, together with respondents' trust in the claim, are the drivers of the price premium. Findings suggest the need for policy makers and consumer advocates to scrutinize the potential drawbacks of private sustainability claims on food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda Caso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, NA, 80055, Italy
| | - Emanuele Blasi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, Viterbo, VT, 01100, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Luigi Cembalo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, NA, 80055, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vecchio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, NA, 80055, Italy
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Stremmel G, Elshiewy O, Boztug Y, Carneiro-Otto F. Vegan labeling for what is already vegan: Product perceptions and consumption intentions. Appetite 2022; 175:106048. [PMID: 35430296 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Given the increasing popularity of vegan labels, our study examines the effect of vegan labeling on product perceptions and consumption intentions. We focus on randomly-vegan products which are products that have neither undergone any special reformulation to be vegan nor explicitly aim to serve the market segment of vegans and vegetarians. Food marketers are often tempted to add a vegan label to their randomly-vegan products to capitalize on the growing popularity of vegan food. Our results show that labeling randomly-vegan products biases the perceived healthiness, expected taste, and perceived sustainability, but only if consumers do not expect such randomly-vegan products to be vegan by default. This translates into altered consumption intentions for these unexpected-vegan products with a vegan label (vs. no label). Importantly, this applies to both utilitarian and hedonic products. No effects attributed to the vegan label (vs. no label) were found for randomly-vegan products that consumers expected to be vegan by default.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Stremmel
- Department of Business Administration, University of Goettingen, 37073, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Ossama Elshiewy
- Department of Business Administration, University of Goettingen, 37073, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Yasemin Boztug
- Department of Business Administration, University of Goettingen, 37073, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Fernanda Carneiro-Otto
- Department of Business Administration, University of Goettingen, 37073, Goettingen, Germany.
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Richetin J, Perugini M. The organic diet effect on person perception. Appetite 2022; 168:105696. [PMID: 34530045 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The organic halo effect describes how individuals tend to ascribe positive attributes such as low-calorie content to organic food. In this contribution, we extend the organic halo effect to the inferences individuals make about organic food consumers regarding basic personality traits. In a first study (N = 608), we tested whether describing a person as a regular (vs. rare) consumer (man vs. woman) who buys and regularly (vs. rarely) consumes organic food influences inferences of the Big Six personality traits and other characteristics. Results showed that a person depicted as a regular consumer of organic food is perceived as more honest, more agreeable, more conscientious, and more open. A second study (N = 214) with a similar procedure tested whether the effects from the previous study were due to the frequency information by manipulating the type of food (organic vs. conventional) and the high-frequency information (present vs. absent). We also included a measure of the Dark Triads traits to see whether this effect only applies to positive traits. Results generally confirmed the previous pattern. However, organic consumers were also judged as more narcissistic. Merging the two studies, we also showed that the organic halo effect was stronger for participants who frequently consume organic food. We discuss results in light of the large effect sizes and the evidence suggesting that while positive valence plays a role, it cannot explain the trait inferences' extent and specificity.
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Sanrey C, Bressoux P, Lima L, Pansu P. A new method for studying the halo effect in teachers' judgement and its antecedents: Bringing out the role of certainty. Br J Educ Psychol 2020; 91:658-675. [PMID: 33180979 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In academic contexts, teachers' judgements are central to instruction and have many consequences for students' self-perceptions. Understanding the cognitive biases that may exist in teachers' judgements is thus of central importance. AIMS This paper presents two studies in which we aimed to investigate the presence of a halo effect in teachers' judgements (Study 1 and Study 2) and to clarify the conditions for the emergence of this halo effect by analysing the influence of judgement certainty (Study 2). A major contribution of these studies was to provide a new measure of the halo effect in order to achieve these goals. SAMPLE(S) In the first study, 25 teachers and their 199 students were asked to complete the measures, while the second study sample was composed of 20 teachers and their 180 students. METHOD To analyse the presence of the halo effect in teachers' judgements in the two studies, scholastic achievement was measured using various standardized French language tests. Teachers were asked to indicate, for each of their students, whether they thought the student would answer correctly or incorrectly for each item on the standardized tests. In Study 2, to analyse the influence of judgement certainty, the teachers were asked to indicate after each item how certain they were about their response. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results of both studies revealed the presence of a halo effect in teachers' judgements for each measure used (i.e., comparison of correlations, factorial analyses, and the new measure comparing variance scores), as the teachers' judgements were more homogeneous than the students' actual achievement levels. Furthermore, using the new measure, the second study revealed that high judgement certainty resulted in a stronger halo effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Sanrey
- Université Grenoble Alpes - LaRAC, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Laurent Lima
- Université Grenoble Alpes - LaRAC, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Pascal Pansu
- Université Grenoble Alpes - LaRAC, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Resch AF, Palmans H, Georg D, Fuchs H. The practical radius of a pencil beam in proton therapy. Z Med Phys 2021; 31:166-74. [PMID: 32651058 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The central Gaussian shaped high dose region of a pencil beam (PB) in light ion beam therapy (LIBT) is enveloped by a low dose region causing non-negligible field size effects and impairs the dose calculation accuracy considerably if the low dose envelope is not well modeled. The purpose of this study was to calculate the practical radius, Rc, at which a PB does not influence a field more than a certain accuracy level. Lateral dose profiles of proton beams in water were simulated using GATE/Geant4. Those lateral dose profiles were integrated numerically and used to calculate field size factors (FSFs). The Rc was then determined such, that the lateral dose at radii exceeding Rc can be neglected without compromising the FSF of a 20cm×20cm field more than a desired accuracy level c. The practical radius Rc yielding c=0.5% was compared to the frequently applied concept of full width at a ratio x of the maximum (FWxM). The sensitivity to variations of the beam width was tested by increasing the initial beam width σC of the clinical beam model by 0.5 and 1mm, respectively. Neglecting the dose at radii exceeding Rc resulted in the desired FSF accuracy, whereas using the FW0.01%M cut resulted in varying accuracy. In order to yield a constant FSF accuracy, the ratio x in FWxM ranged from 0.003% to 0.065% of the maximum. In contrast to Rc, FWxM was sensitive to variations of the initial beam width. The maximum Rc over all depths was less than 7cm for the low(62.4MeV) and medium(148.2MeV) proton energy beam, which suggests that a plane parallel ionization chamber exceeding that radius is sufficient to acquire laterally integrated depth dose distributions for those energies. However, this holds not true for the highest energy (252.7MeV) or when including a range shifter (RaShi). The values of Rc are specific to our beam line configuration as the maximum Rc was depending on both, the scattering material in the Nozzle as well as the distance of the air-gap between Nozzle and phantom.
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Carr CT. A social identification approach to the effects of religious disclosures in business communication. J Soc Psychol 2016; 157:571-587. [PMID: 27841736 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2016.1248810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This research expands on prior research into the effects of religious disclosures on interpersonal attraction by drawing from social identification theory to explain attributions stemming from religious disclosures in professionals' e-mail signature blocks. Participants (N = 268) were randomly exposed to one of three experimental conditions (a Christian, Islamic, or secular quotation in a signature block) and completed measures of social identification and perceptions of professionalism. Results indicate that, contrary to prior research, merely disclosing one's religion does not increase attributions; rather, attributions of a sender's professionalism are positively derived from the receiver's social identification with the sender's religion. Implications of these findings are discussed with regard to social identity theory, as well as for professional practice in developing signature blocks as a means of self-presentation.
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Lau BD, Streiff MB, Hobson DB, Kraus PS, Shaffer DL, Popoola VO, Farrow NE, Efron DT, Haut ER. Beneficial " halo effects" of surgical resident performance feedback. J Surg Res 2016; 205:179-85. [PMID: 27621016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention is one of the most frequent measures of quality in hospital settings. In 2013, we began providing individualized feedback to general surgery residents about their VTE prophylaxis prescribing habits for general surgical patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the indirect, or "halo effects" of providing individualized performance feedback to residents regarding prescription of appropriate VTE prophylaxis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study compared appropriate VTE prophylaxis prescription for all patients admitted to the adult trauma service from July 1, 2012 to May 31, 2015 at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, an academic hospital and Level 1 trauma center in Baltimore, Maryland. On October 1, 2013, we began providing monthly performance feedback to general surgery residents regarding their VTE prophylaxis prescribing habits for general surgery patients. Data were not provided about their prescription practice for trauma patients, or to any other prescribers within the hospital. RESULTS During the study period, 931 adult trauma patients were admitted to the adult trauma service. After providing individualized feedback about general surgery patients, general surgery residents' prescribing practice for writing appropriate VTE prophylaxis orders for adult trauma patients significantly improved (93.9% versus 78.1%, P < 0.001). Prescription practice significantly improved among all other prescribers although they did not receive any specific individualized feedback, (84.9% versus 75.1%, P = 0.025); however, practice was significantly better among general surgery residents versus other providers (93.9% versus 84.9%, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS There is a beneficial "halo effect" for patients treated by residents receiving individualized feedback about practice habits. Individualized feedback regarding practice habits for one patient type has both a direct and indirect effect on the quality of care patients receive and should be implemented for all providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandyn D Lau
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Health Sciences Informatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Michael B Streiff
- The Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deborah B Hobson
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peggy S Kraus
- Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dauryne L Shaffer
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Victor O Popoola
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Norma E Farrow
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David T Efron
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elliott R Haut
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Sung ER, Jeong W, Park SY, Ham WS, Choi YD, Hong SJ, Rha KH. The " halo effect" in Korea: change in practice patterns since the introduction of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. J Robot Surg 2009; 3:57-60. [PMID: 27628456 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-008-0122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acquisition of the da Vinci surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Mountain View, USA) has enabled robot-assisted surgery to become an acceptable alternative to open radical prostatectomy (ORP). Implementation of robotics at a single institution in Korea induced a gradual increase in the number of performances of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) to surgically treat localized prostate cancer. We analyzed the impact of robotic instrumentation on practice patterns among urologists and explain the change in value in ORP and RALP-the standard treatment and the new approach or innovation of robotic technology. The overall number of prostatectomies has increased over time because the number of RALPs has grown drastically whereas the number of OPRs did not decrease during the period of evaluation. Our experience emphasizes the potential of RALP to become the gold standard in the treatment of localized prostate cancer in various parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Rah Sung
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wooju Jeong
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Yul Park
- Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Sik Ham
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Deuk Choi
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Joon Hong
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Koon Ho Rha
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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