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Jaydev SD, Martín AJ, Usteri ME, Chikri K, Eliasson H, Erni R, Pérez-Ramírez J. Consumer Grade Polyethylene Recycling via Hydrogenolysis on Ultrafine Supported Ruthenium Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317526. [PMID: 38105396 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenolysis has the potential to convert high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which comprises about 30 % of plastic waste, into valuable alkanes. Most investigations have focused on increasing activity for lab grade HDPEs displaying low molecular weight, with limited mechanistic understanding of the product distribution. No efficient catalyst is available for consumer grades due to their lower reactivity. This study targets HDPE used in bottle caps, a waste form generated globally at a rate of approximately one million units per hour. Ultrafine ruthenium particles (1 nm) supported on titania (anatase) achieved up to 80 % conversion into light alkanes (C1 -C45 ) under mild conditions (498 K, 20 bar H2 , 4 h) and were reused for three cycles. Small ruthenium nanoparticles were critical to achieving relevant conversions, as activity sharply decreased with particle size. Selectivity commonalities and peculiarities across HDPE grades were disclosed by a reaction modelling approach applied to products. Isomerization cedes to backbone scission as the reaction progresses. Within this trend, low molecular weight favor isomerization whilst high molecular weight favor cleavage. Commercial caps obeyed this trend with decreased activity, anticipating the influence of additives in realistic processing. This study demonstrates effective hydrogenolysis of consumer grade polyethylene and provides selectivity patterns for product control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibashish D Jaydev
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio J Martín
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Eduard Usteri
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katia Chikri
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Eliasson
- Electron Microscopy Center, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron Microscopy Center, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kumar P, Srivastava VC. Ethane and Propane Dehydrogenation on Small Platinum Clusters Supported on Silica: An Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics and DFT Study. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300347. [PMID: 37937860 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The size-dependent activity of catalysts has been researched for a long time in the field of catalysis. Positively charged small Pt clusters enhance catalytic activity than bigger clusters and bulk for propane dehydrogenation. We performed DFT calculations on small Pt clusters adsorbed on silica support. The planar structure of Pt clusters is present till 4 Pt atoms, after which three-dimensional structures are observed. AIMD and DFT calculations for silica showed that it has a high surface area and thermal stability suitable to conduct dehydrogenation reactions. The adsorption of Pt cluster on silica results in the formation of directional bonds which affects the properties of the adsorbed Pt catalysts by changing the redox properties. In the bulk phase, ethane and propane molecules undergo dehydrogenation reactions with 0.133 eV atom-1 and 0.244 eV atom-1 energies, respectively. NEB calculations showed that except for Pt-2/SiO2 , all the even Pt clusters require less activation energy than the neighboring odd Pt clusters. Ethane molecule interacting with Pt-4/SiO2 , Pt-5/SiO2 , Pt-6/SiO2 , and propane with Pt-3/SiO2, Pt-4/SiO2 , Pt-5/SiO2 , Pt-6/SiO2 , follows the reverse Horiuti-Polanyi mechanism during dehydrogenation, whereas non-reverse Horiuti-Polanyi mechanism (which requires comparatively lower activation energy) is followed for smaller Pt clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vimal Chandra Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Omran A. Plausibility of the Formose Reaction in Alkaline Hydrothermal Vent Environments. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2023; 53:113-125. [PMID: 32749559 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-020-09599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotic processes required a reliable source of free energy and complex chemical mixtures that may have included sugars. The formose reaction is a potential source of those sugars. At moderate to elevated temperature and pH ranges, these sugars rapidly decay. Here it is shown that CaCO3-based chemical gardens catalyze the formose reaction to produce glucose, ribose, and other monosaccharides. These thin inorganic membranes are explored as analogs of hydrothermal vent materials-a possible place for the origin of life-and similarly exposed to very steep pH gradients. Supported by simulations of a simple reaction-diffusion model, this study shows that such gradients allow for the dynamic accumulation of sugars in specific layers of the thin membrane, effectively protecting formose sugar yields. Therefore, the formose reaction may be a plausible prebiotic reaction in alkaline hydrothermal vent environments, possibly setting the stage for an RNA world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Omran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA.
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Li J, Peng D, Tan C, Chen C. Outer-Shell Self-Supported Nickel Catalysts for the Synthesis of Polyolefin Composites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300359. [PMID: 36864345 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
In situ heterogeneous olefin polymerization has attracted much attention for the synthesis of polyolefin composites. However, the complicated syntheses of specially designed catalysts or the detrimental effects of interactions between catalyst and solid supports pose great challenges. In this contribution, an outer-shell self-supporting strategy was designed to heterogenize nickel catalysts on different fillers via precipitation homopolymerization of ionic cluster type polar monomer. These catalysts demonstrated high activity, good product morphology control, and stable performances in ethylene polymerization and copolymerization. Moreover, various polyolefin composites with great mechanical and customized properties can be efficiently synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Dan Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Dowari P, Kumar Baroi M, Das T, Kanti Das B, Das S, Chowdhuri S, Garg A, Debnath A, Das D. Development of a hydrolase mimicking peptide amphiphile and its immobilization on silica surface for stereoselective and enhanced catalysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 618:98-110. [PMID: 35334366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is an important area of modern research and is extensively explored by various industries to attain greener methods in various applications. Supramolecular interactions of short peptides have been under the scanner for developing artificial smart materials inspired from natural systems. Peptide-based artificial enzymes have been proved to show various enzyme-like activities. Therefore, immobilization of catalytic peptides on solid surfaces can be an extremely useful breakthrough for development of cost-effective catalytic formulations. In this work, a series of peptide amphiphiles (PAs) have been systematically analyzed to find the most effective catalyst with esterase like activity. The PA, containing a catalytic triad, 'Asp(Ser)His' in a branched manner, was further immobilized onto silica nanoparticles through covalent bonding method to obtain surface coated catalytic silica nanoparticles. The heterogenous catalytic formulation not only showed enhanced esterase activity than the self-assembled PA in homogenous phase, but also exceeded the activity of natural CV lipase. The catalytic formulation showed high stereoselectivity towards chiral esters. Moreover, the catalyst remained stable at higher temperature, in presence of various denaturant and retained its activity after several catalytic cycles. The ease of separation, robust nature, reusability and high stereoselectivity of the catalyst opens up the possibility of creating new generation heterogeneous catalysts for further industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Dowari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Malay Kumar Baroi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Tanushree Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Basab Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Saurav Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sumit Chowdhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Avinash Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Ananya Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Radhika NP, Selvin R, Kakkar R, Hsu HL. Nanocrystals of Zeolite ZSM-5 as Catalysts for the Liquid Phase Benzylation of Anisole with Benzyl Alcohol. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2017; 17:1329-1337. [PMID: 29683627 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2017.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current paper reports the application of nanocrystalline form of zeolite ZSM-5 in lieu of Friedel Crafts catalysts in the benzylation of anisole using benzyl alcohol. There are many problems associated with the use and disposal of conventional catalysts due to their toxicity, corrosiveness and non-recyclability. Nanocrystalline zeolites can be a less polluting alternative to the conventional Friedel Crafts catalysts. Nanocrystalline ZSM-5 was synthesized by a facile method and was characterized using SEM, XRD and FTIR. The prepared nanocrystalline zeolite was then evaluated for its efficiency and selectivity in liquid phase benzylation of anisole. Optimum conditions of reaction time, temperature, quantity of catalyst and mole ratio of reactants were obtained. Kinetic studies were done to propose a mechanistic model for the catalyzed reaction. Results of this study suggest that the synthesized nanocrystals of zeolites are efficient, selective, stable, consistent and reusable catalysts. This catalyst thus holds the possibility of being a better alternative to homogeneous catalysts, from environmental and economic perspectives.
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