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Belete A, Abate MW, Nigat AB, Tigabu A, Bantie B, Yirga GK, Tiruneh CM, Emiru TD, Tibebu NS, Legas G, Asnakew S, Walle BG, Yitayew MY, Kibret S, Tesema KA. The magnitude of common mental illness and associated factors among adult holy water users in Amhara regional state Orthodox Tewahido churches, Ethiopia, 2021. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:53. [PMID: 36658515 PMCID: PMC9850569 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because they are prevalent, persistent, and have substantial negative effects on physical health, psychological well-being, and economic implications, common mental illnesses like depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints are major public health problems. Patients with mental illness are devoted to religious therapy including holy water as a coping mechanism for their illnesses. The aim of this study was to investigate the magnitude and associated factors of common mental illness among adult holy water users. METHODS Facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Amhara regional state orthodox Tewahido churches. A simple random sampling techinque was used to select participants. Data were collected by using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for mental illnesses symptoms and a structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Variables with a p-value of 0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression were entered into multivariable logistic regression. RESULT Three hundred eighty-two participants were involved in the study. The magnitude of Common mental illnesses among holy water users was 58.9%. Unemployed, using more than one substance, having Poor and moderate social support, current daily alcohol drinker and past history of mental illness were significantly associated with common mental illness. CONCLUSION The magnitude of common mental illness among adult holy water users was high. Giving special attention to decreasing unemployment, establishing social support services, and decreasing substance utilization are the keys to preventing common mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsalu Belete
- grid.510430.3Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box:272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Moges Wubneh Abate
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box:272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Adane Birhanu Nigat
- grid.510430.3Department of Adult Health Nursing, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box:272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Agimasie Tigabu
- grid.510430.3Department of Adult Health Nursing, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box:272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Berihun Bantie
- grid.510430.3Department of Adult Health Nursing, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box:272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Gebrie Kassaw Yirga
- grid.510430.3Department of Adult Health Nursing, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box:272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Chalie Marew Tiruneh
- grid.510430.3Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box:272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tigabu Desie Emiru
- grid.510430.3Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box:272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Nigusie Selomon Tibebu
- grid.510430.3Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box:272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Getasew Legas
- grid.510430.3Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box:272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Asnakew
- grid.510430.3Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box:272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Gelaw Walle
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Wolayta Sodo University, Wolayta, Ethiopia
| | | | - Simegnew Kibret
- grid.510430.3Department of Anesthesia, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box:272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Kassa Abebaw Tesema
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Baheretibeb Y, Soklaridis S, Wondimagegn D, Martimianakis MAT, Law S. Transformative learning in the setting of religious healers: A case study of consultative mental health workshops with religious healers, Ethiopia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:897833. [PMID: 36177217 PMCID: PMC9513177 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.897833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychiatric interventions that consider the socio-cultural and spiritual traditions of patients are needed to address stigma and improve access to mental health services. Productive collaboration between traditional healers and biomedical practitioners hold promise in such efforts, and applying tenets of transformative learning hold potential for mitigating an overemphasis on biomedical models in such collaboration. We present a framework for how to engage in health system reform to enhance mental health services in communities that are distrustful of, or unfamiliar with biomedical approaches. Our research question was how to bridge two seemingly opposing paradigms of mental health care, and we sought to understand how the theory of transformational learning (TLT) can be applied to learning among Religious healers and biomedical practitioners in culturally appropriate ways to improve collaboration. METHODS TLT informed the development, implementation, and evaluation of an educational intervention in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia that aimed to improve delivery of mental health services at two Holy water sites. The initiative involved both psychiatrists and religious healers with extensive experience providing care to mentally ill patients. Using a focused ethnographic approach that incorporates document analysis methodology, this qualitative study examined recordings and minutes of stakeholder meetings, workshops and informal interviews with participants, analyzed for evidence of Mezirow's 11 stages of transformative learning. A participatory action approach was used to encourage practice change. RESULTS All participants exhibited a high degree of engagement with the of the collaborative project and described experiencing "disorienting dilemmas" by Mezirow's classic description. Opportunities to reflect separately and in large groups encouraged a re-examination of attitudes previously contributing to siloed approaches to care and led to instrumental changes in mental health care delivery and a higher degree of coordination and collaboration between psychiatrists and traditional healers. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the utility of TLT in both the design and evaluation of initiatives aiming to bridge cross-cultural and cross-professional divides. The learning process was further enhanced by a collaborative participatory action model adjusted to accommodate Ethiopian socio-political and cultural relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Baheretibeb
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sophie Soklaridis
- The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dawit Wondimagegn
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Samuel Law
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Derseh D, Moges F, Tessema B. Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors among tuberculosis suspects attending spiritual holy water sites in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:100. [PMID: 28125981 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's deadliest communicable diseases. In Ethiopia, tuberculosis patients have different pattern of health care seeking behavior. They usually adopt other approaches like traditional healers and spiritual holy water sites before consulting public health facilities. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors among tuberculosis suspects attending spiritual holy water sites. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 01, 2015 to March 30, 2015 in seven selected holy water sites in Northwest Ethiopia. During the study period, a total of 1384 adult holy water users were screened for PTB symptoms. A total of 382 pulmonary tuberculosis suspects participated in the study. Socio-demographic data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Spot-morning-spot sputum specimens were collected and examined for acid fast bacilli using Auramine O fluorescence staining technique. Smear positive sputum samples were tested by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for rifampicin resistance. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed using SPSS-16 software. RESULTS The prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis was 2.9% with point prevalence of 795/100, 000 holy water users. History of contact with tuberculosis patient (AOR = 9.174, 95% C.I = 2.195-38.34) and the number of family members > 5 per household (AOR = 9.258, 95% C.I = 1.14-74.97) were significantly associated with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Rifampicin resistance was not detected from all smear positives by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in spiritual holy water sites was 7.4 fold higher than the general population. History of contact with active tuberculosis patients and increased family size were significantly associated with smear positive pulmonary TB. The national tuberculosis program should consider spiritual holy water sites as potential foci for TB transmission and plan regular survey and health education in holy water sites for effective TB prevention and control in the country.
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