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Tan Z, Chia YMF, Mu X, Tan YJ. Inherited chromosomally-integrated human herpes virus 6 confounding test results in a patient with myelitis and optic neuritis - A case report. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 387:578283. [PMID: 38184892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
A case of the 'perfect storm' of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-mediated myelitis, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) reactivation, and COVID-19 infection was reported in 2021. This article reports a case of a similarly observed clinical triad, but with a different conclusion and explanation supported by laboratory test results and evidence from our literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore.
| | | | - Xiaomin Mu
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - You-Jiang Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
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Batty M, Papadakis G, Zhang C, Tran T, Druce J, Lim CK, Williamson DA, Jackson K. Laboratory assessment of a multi-target assay for the rapid detection of viruses causing vesicular diseases. J Clin Virol 2023; 165:105525. [PMID: 37364498 PMCID: PMC10287189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent mpox outbreak has highlighted the need to rapidly diagnose the causative agents of viral vesicular disease to inform treatment and control measures. Common causes of vesicular disease include Monkeypox virus (MPXV), clades I and II, Herpes simplex viruses Type 1 and Type 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and Enteroviruses (EVs). Here, we assessed a syndromic viral vesicular panel for rapid and simultaneous detection of these 7 targets in a single cartridge. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the QIAStat-Dx ® viral vesicular (VV) panel and compare with laboratory developed tests (LDTs). Limit of detection, inter-run variability, cross-reactivity and specificity were assessed. Positive and negative percent agreement, and correlation between assays was determined using 124 clinical samples from multiple anatomical sites. RESULTS The overall concordance between the QIAstat and LDTs was 96%. Positive percent agreement was 82% for HHV-6, 89% for HSV-1 and 100% for MPXV, HSV-2, EV and VZV. Negative percent agreement was 100% for all targets assessed. There was no cross-reactivity with Vaccinia, Orf, Molluscum contagiosum viruses, and a pooled respiratory panel. CONCLUSION The QIAstat VV multi-target syndromic panel combine ease of use, rapid turnaround, good sensitivity and specificity for enhanced diagnosis, clinical care and public health responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Batty
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina Papadakis
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Changxu Zhang
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Tran
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian Druce
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chuan Kok Lim
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deborah A Williamson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathy Jackson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia.
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Yamada A, Takeichi T, Kiryu K, Takashino S, Yoshida M, Kitamura O. Fatal human herpes virus 6B myocarditis: Postmortem diagnosis of HHV-6B based on CD134 + T-cell tropism. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2022; 54:102007. [PMID: 34973500 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) is one of the most important pathogens of viral myocarditis, and is often responsible for sudden death in young adults. A 59-year-old immunocompetent man died of serious lymphocytic myocarditis, and his peripheral blood sample showed HHV-6 DNAemia. Recently, HHV-6 cell entry and reactivation have been suggested to be regulated by the expression of specific CD receptors on T lymphocytes. Here, we report a case of HHV-6 myocarditis diagnosed using an experimental method focused on this unique cell tropism. The interaction between HHV-6 and CD expression was assessed using an immunofluorescence assay. Colocalization between HHV-6B and CD134 was detected in lymphocytes infiltrating the myocardium, which was highly suggestive of an active HHV-6B infection and could be a useful criterion for postmortem diagnosis of HHV-6B myocarditis in the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Takeichi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kyoka Kiryu
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takashino
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Osamu Kitamura
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Brosh-Nissimov T, Sorek N, Yeshayahu M, Zherebovich I, Elmaliach M, Cahan A, Amit S, Rotlevi E. Oropharyngeal shedding of herpesviruses before and after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination against COVID-19. Vaccine 2021; 39:5729-5731. [PMID: 34481701 PMCID: PMC8445745 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concerns were raised over an increase in Bell's palsy, herpes simplex and herpes zoster after BNT162b2 vaccination, all are manifestations of herpesviruses reactivation. As herpesviruses commonly reactivate in the oropharynx, we have hypothesized that oropharyngeal shedding of herpesviruses will increase after vaccination. METHODS Immune-competent Adults, excluding those using topical steroids or manifesting symptomatic herpesvirus infection, were sampled before BNT162b2 vaccination and one week after. Herpesviruses 1-7 shedding was tested with a multiplexed PCR. RESULTS In 103 paired samples the prevalence of herpesviruses was similar before and after vaccination: HSV1, 3.9% vs. 5.8% (p = 0.75); HSV2, 0% vs. 1% (p = not applicable, NA); VZV, 0% vs. 0% (p = NA); EBV, 14.6% vs. 17.5% (p = 0.63); CMV, 0% vs. 0% (p = NA); HHV6, 4.9% vs. 7.8% (p = 0.55); HHV7, 71.8% vs. 72.8% (p = 1); any herpesvirus, 73.8% vs. 74.8% (p = 1). DISCUSSION We did not find evidence for increased oropharyngeal reactivation of herpesviruses one week after BNT162b2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Brosh-Nissimov
- Infectious Disease Unit, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel.
| | - Nadav Sorek
- Microbiology Laboratory, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Michal Yeshayahu
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
| | | | | | - Amos Cahan
- Infectious Disease Unit, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Israel
| | - Sharon Amit
- Clinical Microbiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Erela Rotlevi
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
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Al-Asmar R, Carroll R, Ranavaya J, Mozahem N, Thiesfeldt S, Willenburg K. A rare case of recurrent HHV6 encephalitis in an immunocompetent adult. IDCases 2021; 25:e01195. [PMID: 34195000 PMCID: PMC8225976 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a virus known to cause mild infection in children. In adults, HHV-6 reactivation has been described in immunocompromised individuals.Rarely, viral reactivation occurs in immunocompetent adults causing significant disease and morbidity. The use of certain medications, like amoxicillin, has been found to induce HHV-6 reaction in a number of cases. We report a 63-year-old immunocompetent female who presented with headache, fever and altered mental status. Past medical history included two bouts of HHV-6 encephalitis treated at external facilities. According to her medical history, both episodes of encephalitis were preceded by amoxicillin use. Her lumbar puncture analysis was consistent with viral etiology and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PCR was positive for HHV-6. She was successfully treated with intravenous ganciclovir. It is important to keep a broad differential diagnosis in mind when approaching encephalitis in adults, and to be aware of unusual triggers for viral reactivation. Clinicians who suspect the infection in the correct clinical setting can successfully treat patients with recurrent HHV-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Al-Asmar
- Marshall University School of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, United States
| | - Ryan Carroll
- Marshall University School of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, United States
| | - Jamila Ranavaya
- Marshall University School of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, United States
| | - Noor Mozahem
- Marshall University School of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, United States
| | - Scott Thiesfeldt
- Marshall University School of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, United States
| | - Kara Willenburg
- Marshall University School of Medicine, Head of Division of Infectious Diseases, Medicine Department, United States
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Kiani H, Makvandi M, Samarbafzadeh A, Teimoori A, Nisi N, Mehravaran H, Radmehr H, Hosseini Z, Haghi A, Shahani T, Varnaseri M, Ranjbari N. Association of HHV-6 with Hodgkin and non Hodgkin lymphoma. Iran J Microbiol 2016; 8:153-8. [PMID: 27307982 PMCID: PMC4906723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Human Herpes 6 virus (HHV-6) could remain latent and chronic in the host cells after primary infection. HHV-6 genome encodes certain transactivation proteins which may results in development of malignant lymphoma. The association of human herpes six virus (HHV-6) infection and Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas is strongly supported by epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HHV-6 among the patients with Hodgkin, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall 44 blocks of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded of the patients including 22(50%) Hodgkin and 22(50%) Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma were collected. Initially the section of 5μm-thickness were prepared from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. Then the deparaphinazation was carried out for each sample. The DNA was extracted, followed by nested PCR for detection of HHV-6. Based on PCR product size and sequencing, the HHV-6 A or B subtypes were characterized. RESULTS 12/22(54.54%) cases of Hodgkin and 8/22 (36.36%) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were shown as positive for HHV-6. Out of 12 positive HHV-6 in Hodgkin lymphoma, 10 patients (45.45%) belonged to variant A while 2 cases (9.09%) were found positive for both HHV-6A and HHV-6B. All the Non Hodgkin samples (n=8, 36.36%) showed positive for HHV-6 variant A. CONCLUSION High prevalence of HHV-6 was found among the patients with Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Two patients with Hodgkin lymphoma had mixed HHV-6A and HHV-6B infections. It is recommended patients with Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin should be screened for HHV-6 detection before chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Kiani
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Corresponding author: Manoochehr Makvandi, PhD, Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Tel: +98-9166181683, E-mail:
| | - Alireza Samarbafzadeh
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Nisi
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamide Mehravaran
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hashem Radmehr
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Hosseini
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Haghi
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Toran Shahani
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehran Varnaseri
- Department of Infectious, Razi Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nastran Ranjbari
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomaini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Quintela A, Escuret V, Roux S, Bonnafous P, Gilis L, Barraco F, Labussière-Wallet H, Duscastelle-Leprêtre S, Nicolini FE, Thomas X, Chidiac C, Ferry T, Frobert E, Morisset S, Poitevin-Later F, Monneret G, Michallet M, Ader F. HHV-6 infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: From chromosomal integration to viral co-infections and T-cell reconstitution patterns. J Infect 2015; 72:214-22. [PMID: 26518057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) can reactivate after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and may be associated with significant clinical manifestations. METHODS Case control study of HHV-6 infections after allo-HSCT. Chromosomal integration (ciHHV-6) for viral loads ≥ 5.5-log10 copies/mL was investigated. Viral co-infections, T-cell recovery, risk factors and outcome were compared in HHV-6- and non-HHV-6-infected patients. Antiviral treatment strategies were reviewed. RESULTS Among 366 adult allo-HSCT recipients, 75 HHV-6 infections occurred. Three (4%) recipients were ciHHV-6. HHV-6 infections were associated with CMV (p = 0.05; sdHR 1.73, CI 0.99-3.02) and/or BKV infections (p < 0.0001; sdHR 4.63, CI 2.04-10.53) but not EBV reactivation (p = 0.34). A slower CD8+ T-cells recovery was observed until 6 months after allo-HSCT in the HHV-6-infected group (p < 0.001), independently of acute and/or chronic graft-versus-host disease. The overall probability of survival after allo-HSCT was diminished for active HHV-6-infected patients (p = 0.0326). Cord blood unit recipients had a higher risk of developing HHV-6 infection compared to bone marrow recipients (p = 0.0007; sdHR 3.82, CI 1.76-8.27). Anti-HHV-6 treatment achieved complete response in only 2/3 of the cases. CONCLUSIONS In this series of allo-HSCT recipients, 4% were ciHHV-6, active HHV-6 infection was likely associated with CMV and BKV co-reactivations, delayed CD8+ T-cell recovery and poorer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Quintela
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Vanessa Escuret
- Virology Laboratory, Laboratoire de Virologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69677 Bron, France
| | - Sandrine Roux
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004 Lyon, France
| | - Pascale Bonnafous
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, CIMI-Paris UMRS CR7, Inserm U1135, PVI Team, Paris, France
| | - Lila Gilis
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Fiorenza Barraco
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Hélène Labussière-Wallet
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | | | - Franck-Emmanuel Nicolini
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Xavier Thomas
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Christian Chidiac
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004 Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111 CIRI, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Frobert
- Virology Laboratory, Laboratoire de Virologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69677 Bron, France
| | - Stéphane Morisset
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Françoise Poitevin-Later
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E. Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E. Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Mauricette Michallet
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Florence Ader
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111 CIRI, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Lyon, France.
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Ganguly S. A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Efficacy of Oral Acyclovir in the Treatment of Pityriasis Rosea. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:YC01-4. [PMID: 24995231 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8140.4360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pityriasis rosea is an acute self-limiting skin disorder of unknown aetiology. Recently human herpes virus 6 and 7 has been hypothesized to be the cause of pityriasis rosea. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of acyclovir, an anti-viral drug, in the treatment of pityriasis rosea. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy of oral acyclovir in the treatment of pityriasis rosea was conducted on 73 patients. Thirty eight randomly selected patients were started on oral acyclovir. Thirty-five patients were prescribed placebo. The patients as well as the chief investigator were unaware of the therapeutic group to which patients belonged (acyclovir or placebo). Patients in both the groups were evaluated clinically after 7 and 14 days following the first visit and the data were analysed. RESULTS Follow up data of 60 patients was available and these were included in the statistical analysis. 53.33% and 86.66% of the patients belonging to the acyclovir group showed complete resolution on the 7(th) day and 14(th) day respectively following the first visit compared to 10% and 33.33% of patients from the placebo group. The findings were statistically significant. CONCLUSION The study showed that high dose acyclovir is effective in the treatment of pityriasis rosea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaki Ganguly
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences , Pondicherry, India
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Miyazaki M, Tanaka M, Ueda A, Yoshimoto T, Kato M, Nakamuta M, Kotoh K, Takayanagi R. Acute liver failure caused by drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome associated with hyperferritinemia. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4928-31. [PMID: 22171136 PMCID: PMC3235638 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i44.4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a severe reaction usually characterized by fever, rash, and multiorgan failure, occurring 2-6 wk after drug introduction. It is an immune-mediated reaction involving macrophage and T-lymphocyte activation and cytokine release. A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed with rheumatic arthritis and initiated salazosulfapyridine by mouth. About 10 d later, she had a high fever, skin rash and liver dysfunction. She was admitted to hospital and diagnosed with a drug eruption. She was treated with oral prednisolone 30 mg/d; however, she developed high fever again and her blood tests showed acute liver failure and cytopenia associated with hyperferritinemia. She was diagnosed with acute liver failure and hemophagocytosis caused by DIHS. She was transferred to the Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Kyushu University, where she was treated with arterial steroid injection therapy. Following this treatment, her liver function improved and serum ferritin immediately decreased. We hypothesized that an immune-mediated reaction in DIHS may have generated over-activation of macrophages and T-lymphocytes, followed by a cytokine storm that affected various organs. The measurement of serum ferritin might be a useful marker of the severity of DIHS.
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Abstract
Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) infects > 95% of humans. Primary infection which occurs mostly during the first 2 years of life in the form of roseola infantum, non-specific febrile illness, or an asymptomatic illness, results in latency. Reactivation of latent HHV-6 is common after liver transplantation. Since the majority of human beings harbor the latent virus, HHV-6 infections after liver transplantation are most probably caused by endogenous reactivation or superinfection. In a minority of cases, primary HHV-6 infection may occur when an HHV-6-seronegative individual receives a liver allograft from an HHV-6-seropositive donor. The vast majority of HHV-6 infections after liver transplantation are asymptomatic. Only in a minority of cases, when HHV-6 causes a febrile illness associated with rash and myelosuppression, hepatitis, gastroenteritis, pneumonitis, and encephalitis after liver transplantation. In addition, HHV-6 has been implicated in a variety of indirect effects, such as allograft rejection and increased predisposition to and severity of other infections, including cytomegalovirus, hepatitis C virus, and opportunistic fungi. Because of the uncommon nature of the clinical illnesses directly attributed to HHV-6, there is currently no recommended HHV-6-specific approach prevention after liver transplantation. Asymptomatic HHV-6 infection does not require antiviral treatment, while treatment of established HHV-6 disease is treated with intravenous ganciclovir, foscarnet, or cidofovir and this should be complemented by a reduction in immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymund R Razonable
- Raymund R Razonable, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and the William J von Liebig Transplant Center, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
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